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Exercise – 2.1
1. Assuming that x, y, z are positive real numbers, simplify each of the following:
5
(i) x 3
(ii) x3 y 2
2
23 12
(iii) x y
x
2 1
(iv) 3
y 4 xy 2
(v) 5
243x10 y 5 z10
5
x 4 4
(vi) 10
y
Sol:
We have,
5
1
5
3
x 3
x
5
1
3
2
x
1
3
5
x2
1
15
x2
5
1
x 3 15
x2
We have,
x3
x 3 y 2
y2
1
x 3 2
2
y
Class IX Chapter 2 – Exponents of Real Numbers Maths
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1
3x
2
x
1
2x
2
y
3
x2
y
3
x2
x3 y 2
y
We have,
2
2
1
2
1
x y 2 1
3 2
x3 y2
2
2
1
2 2 1
x y
3 2
1
4
x 3 y1
1
4
x3 y
2
2 1 1
x 3y 2 4
x3 y
We have,
2 1
x 3
y 4 xy 2
2
1 1
3
x2 y 2 xy 2
1 2
x 2 3 y2
1
12 2
xy
1
x 3 y2
1 1 1
x2 y 2 2
Class IX Chapter 2 – Exponents of Real Numbers Maths
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1 1 1
x 3 x 2 y2 y 4
1 1 2 1
x 3 2 y 4
23 81
x 6 y 4
5 9
x 6 y4
9
4
y
5
x6
9
x
2 1
y 4
3
y 4 xy 2
5
6
x
We have,
1
5
243x10 y 5 z10 243x10 y 5 z10 5
1 10 5 10
243 5 x 5 y 5 z 5
1
3 5 5
x 2 y1 z 2
1
5
3 5
x 2 yz 2
3x2 yz 2
5 243x10 y 5 z10 3x 2 yz 2
We have,
5 5
x 4 4 y10 4
10 4
y x
5
10
4
y
5
4
4
x
25
y2
5
x
5 25
x 4 4 y 2
10 5
y x
Class IX Chapter 2 – Exponents of Real Numbers Maths
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2. Simplify:
5
15 2
(i) 16
342
2
3
(ii)
1
(iii) 0.001 3
3 3
(iv)
25 2 243 5
5 4
16 4 8 3
8 13
2 2
(v)
5 5
7 5
51 7 2 2 52 73 2
(vi) 2 4 3 5
5 7 5 7
Sol:
(i) We have
5
15 2 1 1
1 5 1 2 x 1
16 16 5 2 16 2 4
2 2 4 2
4 1
4
5
1 2 1
Hence, 16 5
4
(ii) We have,
1 1
342 343 343 3
2 223
3
2
73 3
2
3
7 3
1 1
7 2 2
7 49
1
343
2
Hence, 3
49
(iii) We have,
1 1
1
1 3 1 3
0.001 3 3
1000 10
Class IX Chapter 2 – Exponents of Real Numbers Maths
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1
13 1 1
1
1
0.01
10
3 10
3 3 3
10
1
Hence, 0.001 3 0 1
(iv) We have,
3 3
5 3
3 3
25 2 243 5
2 2 5 5
5 4 5 4
16 8 4
2 2 3 4 4 3 3
3 3
2 5
5 2
3 5
5 4
4 3
2 4
2 3
5 33 125 27 3375
3
25 24 32 16 512
3 3
Hence,
25 2 243 5
3375
5 4
16 8 4 3
512
(v) We have,
8
2
8 13
2 2 5
13
5 5 2
5
5
12
813 5 2 1
x 5
5
2 2
5 5 5
2
2 2 2
5 5 5 5 5
1 55 55 3125
5
5
1 4 2
22 22
8 13
2 2 3125
Hence
5 5 4 2
(vi) We have,
7 5
51 7 2 2 52 73 2
2 4 3 5
5 7 5 7
Class IX Chapter 2 – Exponents of Real Numbers Maths
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7 5
5 7 5 7
1 2 2 2 3 2
7 5
5 7 5 7
2 4 2 3 5 2
7 7 5 5
5 7 5 7
1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2
7 7 5 5
5 7 5 7
2 2 4 2 3 2 5 2
7 7 5 5
1 2 2 3
5 2
7 2
5 2
7 2
7 7
5 5
2 4 3 5 x
5 2
7 2
5 2
7 2
7 15
5 7 7 55 7
2 2
15
57 7 14 25
5 2 7 2
15
5
77 14 5 2
7
25 15
7
2
5 72 2
7 15
5 7 2
5 7 7 5 2
14
15
5 7
7 25
5 2 7 2
15
5
7 14 2
7 5
7
25 15
7
2 2 2
5 7
25
7 21 5 2
21
40
2
5 72
25
7 21 5 2
20 21
7
52
25 21
21 20
7 5 2 2
4
71 5 2
71 52 7 25 175
7 5
51 7 2 2 52 73 2
Hence, 2 4 3 5 175
5 7 5 7
Class IX Chapter 2 – Exponents of Real Numbers Maths
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3. Prove that:
1
1
3
2
(i) 9 3 5
2 0
15
81
1
2
1 9
2
2 16
(ii) 3 8 3
40
4 16 3
1 1 1 4 7
2 3 4
2 3 4
3 5
3 5
(iii) 1 3
3
10
10 5 5 5
4 65
0.6 0.1
0 1
3
(iv) 1 3 1
3 3 1 2
8 2 3
1 2
1 3
0.01 2 27 3
(v)
4 2
2n 2n1 2n 2n 21
(vi)
2n 1 2n 2n 21 2n
2
64 3 1 25
(vii) 3
125 64
1
256 4
625
33 62 98
(viii) 1
4
1
15 3 33
52 3
25
Sol:
(i) We have,
1
1
3
2
9 3 5
2 0
81
1
1
3
2
3 2 2
3 1 2
9
3 1
2
3 2
3 92 2
1
2 x
33 3 9 2
33 3 9
27 3 9
27 12
15
Class IX Chapter 2 – Exponents of Real Numbers Maths
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1
1
3
2
9 3 50
2
15
81
(ii) We have,
1
2
1 9
2
2
3 8 4
3 0
4 16
1
2
1
2
32 2
2 3 8 3 1 2
2 4
2 21
2
3 8 1 1
2 3
22 3
2
4 2
2
31
2 2 2 3 8 3 1
4
2
3 4
2 3 2
4 3
3
4
24 3 22
3
4
24 3 4
3
4
16 12
3
4 12 4
4
3 3
16
3
1
2
1 9
2
2 16
3 8 3 40
4 16 3
(iii) We have,
1 1 1 4 7
2 2 33 4 4 33 5 5
1 3
3
10 5 5 5
4 5 6
1 1 1 3
2 3 4
2 3 4
4 65
1 3
4 7
10 5 5 5
3 53 5
Class IX Chapter 2 – Exponents of Real Numbers Maths
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1 1 1 3
2
2 2 33 22 4 2 5 2 3
1 3 4 7
2 5
5 5 3 5 5 3 5
12 12 65 1 13 1
2 2 2 2 3 3
1
1 3 4 7
2 5 5 5 55 33 5 5
6
13 1 43
2 2 5
2 3 3 3
1
1 3
7
2 5 5 5 55 5 5
6 1
13 1 43
2 2 2 2 3 3 3
5 5
5 5 5
1 3 7
5 5 5
6 1 1 4
2 3 3
1 1 1
5 5 3
1 3 7
5
5 5 5
6 1 1 3 4
2 3
2
5 5 3
1 37
5 5
5 0
2 3 3
2
5
5
5
5
2 3
2 1 0
5
1
21 1 51
10
1 1 1 4 7
2 2 33 4 4 33 5 5
1 3
3
10
10 5 5 5
4 6 5
(iv) We have,
0.6 0.1
0 1
1 3 1
3 3 1
8 2 3
Class IX Chapter 2 – Exponents of Real Numbers Maths
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1
1
0.1
3
8 3
3
1
3 2
1 10
8 33
3
3 23
9
2
3 3
9 9 3
93 6 2
(v) We have,
1 2
1
0.01 2 27 3
4
2
1
1
1
33 3
2
0.01 2
2
1 1 3
1
3 3
2
0.1
2
2
1 1
32
2 0.1
1
10 9
2
1 3
1
2 2
1 2
1 3
0.01 2 27 3
4 2
(vi) We have,
2n 2n1 2n 2n 21
2n 1 2n 2n 21 2n
2n 1 21
n
2 2 1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
Class IX Chapter 2 – Exponents of Real Numbers Maths
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3
2
2n 2n 1 3
2n 1 2n 2
(vii) We have,
2
64 3 1 25
3
125
1
256 4 64
625
2
125 3
1 5
64 4 4 64 3
1 1
4
4
5
2
53 3 1 5
3 4 1
4 3 3
5
4
52 5 5
42 4 4
25 10
16 4
25 40 65
16 16
(viii) We have,
33 62 98
4 1
1
15 3 33
52 3
25
33 36 7 7 2
1
1 3 4 1
52 15 3 33
25
33 36 7 2
1 1
1
52 1 3 3
3 4
5 15 3
2
33 36 7 2
2 1
1
52 5 3 4
3 3
5 3 3
Class IX Chapter 2 – Exponents of Real Numbers Maths
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33 36 7 2
2 23 43 43 13
5 5 5 3 3
4 1
3
3 36 7 2 3 3 3 3
2 4
5
2
3 3
4 1
33 36 7 2 3 3 3 3
6 2 4
5 3
4 1
3
3 3 3
36 7 2
50
4 1
3
3 3
36 7 2
3
3
3 3
36 7 2
331 36 7 2
32 36 7 2
1
36 7 2
9
4 7 2
28 2
33 62 98
1
28 2
4
1
15 3 33
5 3
2
25
9
4. If 27x = , find 𝑥
3𝑥
Sol:
We have,
27 39
x
x
3 9
x
3
3x
32
33 x
3x
33 x 32 x
3x 2 x [On equating exponents]
Class IX Chapter 2 – Exponents of Real Numbers Maths
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3x x 2
2 1
4x 2 x x
4 2
1
Hence, value of x is
2
2 2
4 x
3 2
(ii)
x 2x
3 5 125
(iii)
5 x 27
(iv) 5 x 2 32 x 3 135
(v) 2 x 5 5 x 4 5
(vi) 2 x 7 5 x 4 1250
Sol:
(i) We have
25 x 2 x 5 220
1
25 x
2x
220 5
1
20
5 x x
2 2 5
2 24
4x
234 22 x
12 2x [On equating exponents]
2 x 12
x6
Hence, value of x is 6.
Class IX Chapter 2 – Exponents of Real Numbers Maths
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(iii) We have,
x 2x
3 5 125
5 x 27
3 5
x 2x
53
5 3
x 2x
33
52 x x 5
3
32 x x 3
3
5x 5
3x 3
x 3
5 5
[On equating exponents]
3 3
x3
Hence, value of 𝑥 is 3
(iv) We have
5 x 2 32 x 3 135
5 x 2 32 x 3 5 27
5 x 2 32 x 3 51 33
x 2 1, 2 x 3 3 [On equating exponents]
x 2 1, 2 x 3 3
x 3, 2x 6 x 3
Hence, the value of x is 3
(v) We have,
2 x 5 5 x 4 5
2 x 5 5 x 4 51 20
x 5 0, x 4 1
x 5, x 4 1
x5
Hence, the value of x is 5
(vi) We have,
2 x 7 5 x 4 1250
2 x 7 5 x 4 2 625
2 x 7 5 x 4 21 54
x 7 1
x 8, x4 4
x8
Hence, the value of x is 8