MATHEMATICS 9709/33

TOPIC 5 INTEGRATION A2 LEVEL

TOPIC 5 INTEGRATION 5.1 Integration of Exponential Functions

5.1 Integration of Exponential Functions Since integration is the reverse process of differentiation, the rules for
5.2 Integration of Logarithm Functions integrating exponential functions are:
5.3 Integration of Trigonometric Function
1
5.4 Integration of 𝑥 2 +𝑎2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐
5.5 Integration using Partial Fractions 𝑒 𝑥
∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑐 = −𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑐
5.6 Integration by Parts −1
5.7 Integration by Substitution 1 𝑎𝑥+𝑏
∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥+𝑏 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 +𝑐
𝑎

In this chapter you will learn how to:

In general,
• Extend the idea of ‘reverse differentiation’ to include the integration of
1 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑎 𝑎𝑥+𝑏 1
, 𝑎𝑥+𝑏 , sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) , cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) and 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑎𝑥
+ 𝑏). ∫ 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥)
+ 𝑐 = +𝑐
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
• Use trigonometrical relationship in carrying out integration.
• Understand and use the trapezium rule to estimate the value of a
definite integral. Example 1
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Find
Recall that integration is the reverse process of differentiation. (a) ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (b) ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (c) ∫ 𝑒 5𝑥−4 𝑑𝑥
Solutions:
𝑑𝑦
If we have = 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 , then
𝑑𝑥
1
𝑎𝑥 𝑛+1 (a) ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑐
3
𝑦 = ∫ 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝑛+1 1
(b) ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 + c
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑛+1
𝑦 = ∫(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐 1
(c) ∫ 𝑒 5𝑥−4 𝑑𝑥 = 5 𝑒 5𝑥−4 + 𝑐
(𝑛 + 1)(𝑎)
where 𝑐 is an arbitrary constant.
 MATHEMATICS 9709/33
TOPIC 5 INTEGRATION A2 LEVEL

Example 2 Practice 5.1 Integration of Exponential Function

2
Evaluate ∫1 9𝑒 3𝑥−1 𝑑𝑥.
Solutions: 1. Find
(a) ∫ 3𝑒 3𝑥−1 𝑑𝑥

2 9 2 (b) ∫ 3𝑒 5𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥
(a) ∫1 9𝑒 3𝑥−1 𝑑𝑥 = [3 𝑒 3𝑥−1 ] *Substitute limits.
1 (c) ∫ 3𝑒 2𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥
= (3𝑒 5 ) − (3𝑒 2 ) 2
(d) ∫ 𝑥𝑒 3−2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 3𝑒 2 (𝑒 3 − 1) 3
(e) ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒
1
Example 3 (f) ∫ 7 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑒2
Find the area of shaded region and the equation is 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑒 −2𝑥 . (g) ∫ √𝑒 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥

2. Evaluate the following, leaving your answers in terms of e.

2
(a) ∫0 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
ln 2
(b) ∫1 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
(c) ∫1 𝑒 2−3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 1 3
(d) ∫−1 𝑑𝑥
2 −2𝑥 ) 𝑒 3 (𝑥−1)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∫(𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑥3 1 2 𝑑𝑦
= [ 3 − 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 ] 3. Find 𝑦 as a function of 𝑥, given that = 2𝑒 𝑥 + 1 when 𝑦 = 3 and
1 𝑑𝑥
8 1 1 1 𝑥 = 0.
= ( − 𝑒 −2 ) − ( − 𝑒 −2 )
3 2 3 2
7 1 1 −4
= 3 + 2 𝑒 −2 − 2
𝑒

= 2.39 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2
 MATHEMATICS 9709/33
TOPIC 5 INTEGRATION A2 LEVEL

5.2 Integration of Logarithm Functions Example 2

Find each of these integrals and state the values of 𝑥 for which the integral
1 is valid.
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛 |𝑥| + 𝑐
𝑥 2 4 6
(a) ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (b) ∫ 2𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 (c) ∫ 2−3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 ln|𝑎𝑥|
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐 Solutions:
𝑎𝑥 𝑎
1 ln|𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏|
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑎 2 1
(a) ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ln 𝑥 + 𝑐 , 𝑥 > 0.

In general,
4 4
1 1 (b) ∫ 2𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫ 2𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ′ ln|𝑓(𝑥)| + 𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 (𝑥) 1
= 4 ( ) ln(2𝑥 + 1) + 𝑐
2
1
Example 1 = 2 ln(2𝑥 + 1) + 𝑐 , 𝑥 >
2
Find
1 3𝑥 𝑒𝑥
(a) ∫ 𝑥−1 𝑑𝑥 (b) ∫ 𝑥 2 +4 𝑑𝑥 (c) ∫ 1 − 𝑒 2 𝑑𝑥
6 1
Solutions: (c) ∫ 2−3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 6 ∫ 2−3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 2
1
= 6( ) ln(2 − 3𝑥) + 𝑐 , 𝑥 <
(a) ∫ 𝑥−1 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥 − 1| + 𝑐 −3 3

3𝑥 3𝑥 𝑙𝑛 |𝑥 2 +4|
(b) ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝑥 +4 2𝑥
3
= 2 ln||𝑥 2 + 4|| + 𝑐

𝑒𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 ln|1− 𝑒 𝑥 |
(c) ∫ 1 − 𝑒 2 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑒 𝑥
+ 𝑐

= − ln|1 − 𝑒 𝑥 | + 𝑐
 MATHEMATICS 9709/33
TOPIC 5 INTEGRATION A2 LEVEL

Example 3 Practice 5.2 Integration of Logarithm Functions

Evaluate the following definite integrals:
2 1 2 2𝑥+1 1. Find the following:
(a) ∫1 𝑑𝑥 (b) ∫1 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥−1 𝑥
1
Solutions: (a) ∫ 2𝑥
1
(b) ∫
6𝑥
2 1 ln|2𝑥−1| 2
(a) ∫1 2𝑥−1
𝑑𝑥 = [ 2
]
1

1 2 2. Find
= [2 ln|2𝑥 − 1|] 4
1 (a) ∫ 4𝑥
1 1
= [2 ln|2(2) − 1|] − [2 ln|2(1) − 1|] 6
(b) ∫ 𝑥
1 1
= ln 3 − ln 1 1
2 2 (c) ∫ 3𝑥+1
1
= 2 ln 3 − 0 6
(d) ∫ 2𝑥−5
1
= ln 3
2

3 6
3. Find the value of ∫2 2−3𝑥
𝑑𝑥.

2 2𝑥+1 2 2𝑥 1
(b) ∫1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 + 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 4. Evaluate the following and give the exact value.
2 1 7 1
= ∫1 2 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (a) ∫5 𝑑𝑥
4−𝑥
3 4
= [2𝑥 + ln|𝑥|]12 (b) ∫1 2𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥
5 1
= [2(2) + ln 2] − [2(1) − ln 1] (c) ∫0 𝑥+2 𝑑𝑥
4 1
= 4 + ln 2 − 2 − 0 (d) ∫1 2𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥
= ln 2 + 2