1

MATH 160A - Calculus 2

Lecture 3: Integration of Trigonometric Function

Lecture 3:
1
ⅆ𝑢 = ⅆ𝑥
5

Integration of So,

Trigonometric Function 1
∫ cos(5𝑥) ⅆ𝑥 = ∫ cos 𝑢 ( ⅆ𝑢)
5
1
*The standard formulas for evaluating the = ∫ cos 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢
5
integrals of the six trigonometric functions are 1
= sin 𝑢 + 𝑐
given below: 5
𝟏
= 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟓𝒙) + 𝒄
𝟓

∫ sin 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢 = − cos 𝑢 + 𝑐
2. Evaluate: ∫ (1 − csc 𝑥)2 ⅆ𝑥
∫ cos 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢 = sin 𝑢 + 𝑐

∫ tan 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢 = − ln|cos 𝑢| + 𝑐 Solution:

∫ cot 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢 = ln|sin 𝑢| + 𝑐 ∫ (1 − csc 𝑥)2 ⅆ𝑥

∫ sec 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢 = ln|sec 𝑢 + tan 𝑢| + 𝑐 = ∫ (1 − 2 csc 𝑥 + csc 2 𝑥) ⅆ𝑥

∫ csc 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢 = − ln|csc 𝑢 + cot 𝑢| + 𝑐 = ∫ ⅆ𝑥 − 2∫ csc 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ csc 2 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥

Let u = x Let u = x
du = dx du = dx
*The following formulas are also consequences
of their corresponding differentiation formulas:
= ∫ ⅆ𝑥 − 2∫ csc 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢 + ∫ csc 2 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢

= 𝑥 − 2[− ln|csc 𝑢 + cot 𝑢|] + (− cot 𝑢) + 𝑐

∫ sec 2 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢 = tan 𝑢 + 𝑐
= 𝒙 + 𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙| − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 + 𝒄
∫ csc 2 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢 = − cot 𝑢 + 𝑐

∫ sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢 = sec 𝑢 + 𝑐

sin 3𝑥+1
3. Evaluate ∫ ( ) ⅆ𝑥
∫ csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢 = − csc 𝑢 + 𝑐 cos 3𝑥
Solution:

sin 3𝑥 + 1 sin 3𝑥 1
Examples: ∫( ) ⅆ𝑥 = ∫ ( + ) ⅆ𝑥
cos 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥
1. Evaluate ∫ cos(5𝑥) ⅆ𝑥
= ∫ (tan 3𝑥 + sec 3𝑥) ⅆ𝑥
Solution:
= ∫ tan 3𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 + ∫ sec 3𝑥 ⅆ𝑥
By integration by substitution:
Let u = 3x
𝐿ⅇ𝑡 𝑢 = 5𝑥 du= 3dx
ⅆ𝑢 = 5 ⅆ𝑥 1/3du=dx
1
[ⅆ𝑢 = 5 ⅆ𝑥]
5

*Differential and Integral Calculus by Feliciano and Uy

 2
MATH 160A - Calculus 2
Lecture 3: Integration of Trigonometric Function
1 1
= ∫ tan 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢 + ∫ sec 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢
3 3

1 1
= (− ln|cos 𝑢|) + (ln|sec 𝑢 + tan 𝑢|) + 𝑐
3 3
𝟏 𝟏
= − 𝐥𝐧|𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝒙| + 𝐥𝐧|𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟑𝒙 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟑𝒙| + 𝒄
𝟑 𝟑

4. Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 2 cos 4𝑥 3 ⅆ𝑥

Solution:

Let u = 4x3
du = 12x2dx
1
ⅆ𝑢 = 𝑥 2 ⅆ𝑥
12

So,

1
∫ 𝑥 2 cos 4𝑥 3 ⅆ𝑥 = ∫ cos 𝑢 ( ⅆ𝑢)
12
1
= ∫ cos 𝑢 ⅆ𝑢
12

1
= sin 𝑢 +𝑐
12

𝟏
= 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝒙𝟑 +𝒄
𝟏𝟐

*Differential and Integral Calculus by Feliciano and Uy