5/24/2022

Multiple Integration
D.G. Miciano
Asst. Prof., BatStateU-CEAFA

Key points about multiple integration

 Multiple integration is carried out using partial integration, that is,
integrating with respect to one variable holding other variables as constants
 Perform the innermost integral first, one by one, up to the outermost
integral.
 Order of integration with respect to the variable of integration is
interchangeable. (Be careful of including the limit values for the respective
variable in the rearrangement process. Take note also that rearrangement
of order of integration may lead to difficult integration process.)

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Partial Integration
Given the integration of multi-variable function f(x,y,z,…), the partial integration is done
by integrating with respect to one variable and holding others as constant(s)
Illustrations:

1. 6𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 6𝑦 ∫  𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 6𝑦  = 3𝑥 𝑦
 
   
𝑦
2. (4𝑥 + 6𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 4𝑥𝑦 + 6 = 4𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦
3
 

Iterated
 
Integral    
Perform the innermost
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 integration first

     

Example (1) Double Integral: Evaluate the integral

∫ ∫ 6𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦.
=∫ 3𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= ∫ ∫ 6𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑦
3 = 3
3
=∫ 6𝑦  𝑑𝑦
= 27 − 8 = 19
=∫ 3𝑦 (1 − 0) 𝑑𝑦

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Example (2) Double Integral: Evaluate the double integral

∫ ∫ (4 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 .

Sol’n: ∫ ∫ (4 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 =∫ 4𝑦 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

=∫ 8− 𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥

=∫ − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

47𝑥 2 141
= − 𝑥 = −2 = =
6 27 6

Example (3) Double Integral: Evaluate the double integral

∬ (3𝑦 − 2𝑥 )𝑑𝐴 where R = {(x,y)/ -1x2 and 1y3}.

Sol’n:∬ (3𝑦 − 2𝑥 )𝑑𝐴 = ∫ ∫ (3𝑦 − 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

=∫ ∫ 3𝑦 − 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥
= 3𝑦𝑥 − =∫ (9𝑦 − 6) 𝑑𝑦
3
= 6𝑦 − − −3𝑦 + 9𝑦
= − 6𝑦 = − 18 - −6
2
= 9𝑦 − 6 = 36 − 12 = 24

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Example (4) Triple Integral: Evaluate the integral

∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

Sol’n:∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

=∫ ∫ 𝑥(1 + 𝑦 ) − 𝑥(2𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

=∫ ∫ 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

=∫ 𝑥𝑦 + − 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥

=∫ 𝑥 1 − 𝑥 + − 𝑥(1 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Cont. Example (4) Triple Integral: Evaluate the integral

∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑥 1−𝑥 + − 𝑥(1 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

=∫ 3𝑥 1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 1 − 𝑥 − 3𝑥(1 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 3𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑥−𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑥 𝑥 1 1 1 1 3 1
= − = − = =
3 2 5 3 2 5 3 10 10

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Example (5) Triple Integral: changing the order of integration:

 
/   /
Evaluate the integral ∫ ∫ ∫ sin(𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
 
/  
/
Sol’n:∫ ∫ sin(𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 =∫ 𝑧 sin 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
 
/
=∫ 2sin(𝑦 )𝑑𝑦
Original Limits: 0  x    /2; 0  y    /2
Rewriting limits: 0  y    /2; 0  x  𝑦 ; Re-ordering of integration

 
/  
/  
/
∫ ∫ ∫ sin(𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 =∫ ∫ ∫ sin(𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
 
/ Change
=∫ ∫ 2sin(𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 order

Cont. Example (5) Triple Integral: changing the order of integration:

 
/   /
Evaluate the integral ∫ ∫ ∫ sin(𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

 
/  
/
∫ ∫ ∫ sin(𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 =∫ ∫ 2sin(𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
 
/
=2∫ x sin(𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦
 
/ Change variable, let
=2∫ ysin(𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 u = y2 , du=2ydy; or
use chain rule

 
/
= − cos(𝑦 )

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Cont. Example (5) Triple Integral: changing the order of integration:

 
/   /
Evaluate the integral ∫ ∫ ∫ sin(𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

 
/  
/  
/
∫ ∫ ∫ sin(𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = − cos(𝑦 )

= − cos(   /2 ) − − cos(0 )

= − cos(/2) − − cos(0)
= −0 + 1
=1

Exercises: Solve the following problems.

• 1. ∫ ∫ (𝑥 − 2𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

/
• 2. ∫ ∫ 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

• 3.∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧

• 4.∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥