Lesson 2 Dividing by 10, 100 and 1000

Ten pupils paid ₱ 45, 650

for their sets of books.
How much did each pupil pay?

Let Us Discover
You divide to find the answer.
4565
10⟌45650
- 40
56
- 50
65
- 60
0

Complete answer: Each pupil paid ₱ 4565 for his/her set of books.

Note the digits in the quotient and in the dividend.

See the pattern in the following examples where the dividends have terminal zeros.

45 000 ÷ 10 = 4500 45 000

10 =4500

45 000 ÷ 100 = 450 45 000

100 = 450

45 000 ÷ 1000 = 45 45 000

1000 = 45

Notice the numbers of zeros that are canceled when a whole number is
divided by 10, by 100 and by 1000.

When you divide a number by 10, you cancel one zero.

When you divide a number by 100, you ca cancel two zeros.
When you divide a number by 1000, you can cancel three zeros.
Study these examples. Notice what happens to the dividend and to the
quotient.

532 r. 8
1. 10⟌5328 Express the ones digit as the
-50 remainder and the other digits as the quotient.
32
-30
28
-20
8

53 r. 28
2. 100⟌5328 Express the tens and ones digits as the
-500 remainder and the other digits as the the quotient.
328
- 300
28

5 r. 328
3. 1000⟌5328 Express the hundreds, tens, and ones digits -
5000 as the remainder and the other digits as the quotient.
328

This time let us use multiples of 10, 100, and 1000 as divisors.

1. 720
=9 Cancel one zero in both dividend and
80 divisor then divide the nonzero digits.

2. 6400
= 16 Cancel two zeros in both dividend and
400 divisor then divide the nonzero digits.

3. 75000
=25 Cancel three zeros in both dividend
3000 and divisor, then divide the nonzero digits.

LET US TALK ABOUT IT

Let Us Summarize
 .How do you divide numbers by 10, 100, or 1000 when there are terminal
zeros in the dividend?

.How do you divide numbers by 10, 100, or 1000 when there are no
terminal zeros in the dividend ?

.How do you divide numbers by multiples of 10, 100, or 11000 when

there are terminal in the dividend ?

 To divide numbers having terminal zeros,

- by 10, cancel one zero.
- by 100, cancel two zeros.
- by 1000, cancel there
 To divide a number by 10, 100, or 1000 when it has no terminal zeros,
remember these.
- To divide by 10, write the ones digit as the remainder, and the rest of
the digits as the quotient.
-To divide by 100, write the tens and ones digits as the remainder, and
the rest of the digits as quotient.
-To divide by 1000, write the hundreds, tens, and ones digits as the
remainder, and the rest of the digits as quotient.
 To divide numbers by multiples of 10, 100, or 1000 when there are
terminal zeros in the dividend, cancel the same number of zeros in both
the dividend and the divisor, and then divide the nonzero digits.

Let Us Practice
Get Ready

Cancel the zeros in both the dividend and the divisor, as needed. Write
only the quotient above the division line. The first one has been done for you.
156
1.10⟌1560 4. 10⟌4200 7. 100⟌5400
2.10⟌2000 5. 100⟌3900 8. 1000⟌6000
3.10⟌3750 6. 100⟌4600 9. 1000⟌7000

Work Together
Find the quotient.
10. 2134 ÷ 10 =
11. 2500 ÷ 100 =
12. 4000 ÷ 1000 =
13. 4520 ÷ 10 =
14. 4520 ÷ 100 =
15. 3516 ÷ 1000 =

Complete the table.

Dividend Divisor Quotient
16. 1328 10
17. 301 10
18. 5640 10010
19. 7580 758
20. 8700 87
21. 10 450
22. 1865 186 r. 5
23. 3571 100
24. 4619 1000
25. 5728 100
Lets Us Solve
Read and solve each problem. Write the complete answer on the line.

1. Rod bakes 1800 cupcakes in a day. He packs them in boxes of 10 each.

How many boxes does he need?

2. A school received 10 000 kilograms of rice to be distributed to 1000 pupils

in grades 1 and 2. How many kilograms of rice will each pupil get?

3. One hundred pupils paid a total amount of ₱ 45, 000 for the educational
trip. How much did each pupil pay?

4. Ten classes of St. Mariano School were assigned to plant 1200 seedlings.
How many seedlings should each class plant?

5. Father gave Lily ₱ 1880 as an allowance. Lily decided she wants to spend
the money in equal amounts each day for ten days. How much should she
spend in one day?

6. Eighteen families contributed ₱ 18, 000 in all for fund raising activity. The
families contributed equal amounts. How much did each families contribute?

7. One thousand nine hundred teachers attended a national convention. In the

main hall of the venue, ten teachers were seated in a table. How many tables
were there in the main hall?
LESSON 3 Estimating Quotients
Mr. Miguel and his workers gathered 1175 guavas.
They placed the guavas in baskets with 31 guavas in each basket

About how many baskets did they use in all?

Let Us Discover
The word about in the problem tells that what you need in sot the exact
answer, but an estimate. When estimating the quotient, use compatible
numbers. First, round off the divisor to the nearest tens, hundreds, or
thousands, Then round off the dividend to a compatible multiple of the
rounded divisor.

1175 to 1200
31 to 30

You know that 1200 is a compatible multiple of 30. Then divide the
rounded numbers.

1200 ÷ 30 = 40

Complete answer: Mr. Miguel and his workers used about 40 baskets.

To check, get the actual quotient.

Actual quotient
It is close to the estimated quotient, which is 40.
37 r. 28
31⟌1175
- 93
245
- 217
28
Here are other examples.

1. 306 ÷ 6 = _________________

Round off the divided 306 to 300.

You may choose not to round off a one- digit number.
So, 300 ÷ 6 = 50.

To check, Divide.
The actual quotient is close to the estimated
quotient , which is 50.
51
 6⟌306
-30
6
-6
0

2. 2176 ÷ 32 =________________

Rounding off the numbers, you get these values.

2176 2100
32 30
2100 ÷ 30 = 70 Estimated quotient

To check, divide to get the actual quotient.

68 The actual quotient is close to the estimated quotient,

32⟌2176 which is 70.
-192
256
-256
0

Let Us Talk About It

. When a problem asks for about how many, what does it mean ?
. How do you estimate quotients ?
. What are compatible numbers ?
Get Ready
. How do you check if an estimated quotient is reasonable or not ?

Let Us Summarize
. When a problem asks for about how many, it is asking for estimated answer.

. Compatible numbers are numbers that divide easily.

. To estimate the quotient, round off the divisor to the nearest tens, hundreds,
or thousands. Then round off the dividend to a closest compatible multiple of
the rounded divisor. You may choose not to round off a one- digit number.

.To check if the estimated quotient is reasonable, compare it with the actual
quotient.

Let Us Practice
Change the dividend to a closest multiple of the divisor.
Write the compatible dividend on the line.

1.3300 ÷ 40 5. 4693 ÷ 60
_________ ___________

2. 4467 ÷ 50 6. 3624 ÷ 70
_________ ___________

3. 5721 ÷ 80 7. 5041 ÷ 70
_________ ___________

4. 6372 ÷ 80 8. 4187 ÷ 60
_________ ___________

Work Together
Estimate the quotient. Use compatible numbers. Write the estimated
quotient in your notebook.

9. 12 ⟌2374 12. 32⟌6128 15. 46⟌4526

10. 41⟌3670 13. 58⟌5529 16. 41⟌3861

11. 27⟌2925 14. 52⟌4389 17. 32⟌7865

Work Alone

Estimate each quotient by using compatible numbers. Write the

estimated quotient in your notebook.

18. 33⟌5824 21. 44⟌3596 24. 34⟌2756

19. 48⟌9684 22. 56⟌6231 25. 17⟌3105
20. 62⟌5320 23. 71⟌6864 26. 28⟌1853

Let Us Solve
Estimate the answer for each problem . Write your answer in a
complete sentence on the line.
1. Mark’s father earns ₱ 14, 250 in a month. If he works 24 days in a month,
about how much is his daily earnings?

2. Jamies’s mother baked 384 cookies. She packed 2 dozen cookies in a box.
About how many boxes did she use?

3. A library has 2160 books placed in shelves. There are about 38 books in
each shelf. About how many shelves are there?

4. Jeremy’s favorite basketball team played 32 games last season. The team
scored 2504 points. On the average, about how many points was that per
game?

LESSON 4 MENTAL DIVISION

Jan and Abby are wondering how 117 ÷ can be done mentally. Can you do it?
Let Us Discover
There are compatible numbers that are not easy to divide mentally.

Here is what you can do.

Can you think of two numbers into which you can break up 117 and
which are both easy to divide by 9? Read the text below.

1. Think : 117 = 90 + 27 3. Add the results.

10 + 3 = 13
2. Divide each part by 9. So, 117 ÷ 9 = 13.
90 ÷ 9 = 10
27 ÷ 9 = 3

Here is another example.

112 ÷ 8 =

What two numbers that add up to 112 can help you divide mentally?

1. Think : 112 = 80 + 32 3. Add the results.

10 + 4 = 14
So, 112 ÷ 8 = 14.
2. Divide each part by 8.
80÷ 8 = 10
32÷ 8 = 4

When breaking up a number into a sum of two numbers, you can make
one of the addends a multiple of 10 for easy computation.

Example

115 ÷ 5 =____ 115=100 + 15 100 ÷ 5 = 20, 15 ÷ 5 = 3 20+3= 23

126 ÷9 =____ 126=90 + 38 90 ÷ 9 = 10, 36 ÷ 9 = 4 10+4= 14

Patterns can also help you divide mentally.

Study the patterns.

1. 30÷6 = 5
300÷6 = 500 If the divisor remains the same, the quotient

3000÷6 = 500 increases as the dividend increases.

30000÷6 = 5000

2. 30000 ÷5 = 6000
30000÷50 = 600 If the dividend remains the same, the
30000÷500 = 60 quotient decreases as the divisor increases.
30000÷5000 = 6

Let Us Talk About It

. Is it easy to divide a number that is a multiple of 10?
. How can you divide mentally with ease?

. To divide numbers mentally, make the dividend a sum of addends which are
exactly and easily divisible by the divisor.

. When expressing a number as a sum of two numbers, you can make one of
the addends a multiple of 10 for easy computation.

. You can use patterns to easily divide two numbers.

Work Together
Let Us Practice
Get Ready
Give the quotient orally.

1. 8⟌80 5.8⟌72
2.7⟌56 6.5⟌100
3.9⟌90 7.9⟌99
4.7⟌63 8.8⟌96

Work Alone
Express the dividend as the sum of two numbers that will help you divide
mentally. Write these numbers in your notebook. Then write the quotient on
the line.

9. 140÷5=____ 14. 200÷8=____

10. 135÷9=____ 15. 304÷8=____

11. 144÷4=____ 16. 320÷8=____

12. 196÷7=____ 17. 336÷8=____

13. 210÷5=____ 18. 570÷6=____

Find the quotient mentally. Write it on the line.

19. 145÷5=____ 24. 235÷5=____

20. 156÷6=____ 25. 322÷7=____

21. 203÷7=____ 26. 384÷8=____

22. 208÷8=____ 27. 310÷6=____

23. 288÷9=____ 28. 244÷4=____

Let Us Solve

Read each problem. Write the complete answer in the sentence on the
line.

1. There are 72 seats in 4 rows.How many persons can sit in each row?
_________________________________________________________

2. Mother had ₱225. She used all of it to buy 3 kilograms of mangoes. How
much did each kilogram cost?
_________________________________________________________

3. Jeffrey and his father are putting 196 coconuts in 7 sacks. How many
coconuts are there in each sack?

LESSON 5 One-Step Division Problems

 Hope and Faith foundation distributed
₱43,750 worth of goods to 35 families affected
by the typhoon. How much worth of goods did
each family get?

Let Us Discover
Follow these steps in solving problem.
Step 1. Understand the problem.

- Answer these questions about the problem.

A. How many families were affected by the typhoon?
B. How were they helped by a certain group?

.What is asked in the problem?

- Worth of goods each family got.
.What are the given facts?
-₱43, 750; 35 families
.What is the clue word?
-each Let Us Summarize
Step 2. Plan what to do.

.Decide what operation to use.

-Division
.Write the equation for the problem
-₱43,750÷35=_____

Step 3. Solve the problem.

Show the solution.

1250
35⟌43750
- 35
87
- 70
175
- 175
0
-0
0

Complete answer: Each family got ₱1250 worth of goods.

Step 4. Look back. Check your answer.

Multiplying ₱ 1250 by 35 will give ₱43,750.
The answer is correct.
Let Us Talk About It
How do you solve word problems?
What are the four steps in problem solving?

In solving word problems, use the four steps in problem solving.

- Understand the problem.
- Plan what to do.
- Solve the problem.
- Look back. Check your answer.
Always state a complete answer.

Let Us Summarize
Get Ready
Read the problem carefully. Answer each question that follows.

Mr. David sold a lot for ₱14,040. If the lot consist of 90 square meters, how
much was the cost per square meter?

1. What did Mr. David sell?

________________________________________

2. How much did he get from the sale of the lot?

________________________________________

3. What is asked?
________________________________________

4. What are the given facts?

________________________________________

Get Ready
5. What is the clue word?
________________________________________

6. Is there a hidden question?

________________________________________

7. What operation is to be used?

________________________________________

8. What is the equation for the problem?

________________________________________

9. What is the complete answer?

________________________________________

For each problem, write what is asked, the clue word, the equation for
the problem, and the complete answer.

Aling Meding has 3375 grams of peanuts to be placed in paper bags of 45

grams each. How many paper bags will be used in all?

10. Asked:__________________________
11. Clue word:_______________________
12. Equation:________________________
13. Complete answer:_________________

Several biscuit factories donated 1425 packs of biscuits to some charitable

institutions. If each institutions got 95 packs of biscuits, how many institutions
were given?

14. Asked:___________________________
15. Clue word:________________________
16. Equation:__________________________
17. Complete answer:___________________

Mr. Leynes delivered eggs to hid costumers in Quiapo. If he had 25

costumers, how many eggs did each one get?

Get Ready
18. Asked:________________________
19. Clue word:_____________________
20. Equation:______________________
21. Complete answer:_______________
 Read and solve each problem. Write the complete answer on the line.

22. The 8125 delegates to the National Youth Day were divided equally into
65 groups. How many delegates were there in each group?
___________________________________________________________

23. Mr. Navarro paid ₱19,500 for a three-month deposit to apartment. How
much is the monthly rental?
___________________________________________________________________

24. Sister Lourdes paid ₱6432 for 96 shirts of the children in an orphanage.
How much did each tshirt cost?
___________________________________________________________

25. Some 900 sacks of palay are to be brought to the miller. A truck can carry
45 sacks per trip. How many trips does the truck need to deliver all of the
sacks?
___________________________________________________________

26. Mr. Del Rosario sold 9 crates of mangoes. If he got ₱7875, how much did
each crate cost?
___________________________________________________________

Let Us Solve
Read and solve each problem. Write the complete answer on the line.

1. A group of five persons went on tour to Bohol for three days. If they paid
₱38,250 in all, how much did each person pay?
___________________________________________________________

2. Mr. David bought five sacks of rice for ₱7875. How much did each sack
cost?
___________________________________________________________

3. Tickets to a benefit show cost ₱50. If the show raised a total amount of
₱6000, how many tickets were sold in all?
___________________________________________________________

LESSON 6 Multistep Problems in Division

 Lola Marina had six ₱500 bills. She divided the amount equally among
her 8 grandchildren. How much was the share of each child?

Let Us Discover
This problem is a two-step word problem. Follow these steps to solve
it.

Step 1: Understand the problem

- Answer these questions about the problem
a. How much money did Lola Marina have?
B. How many grandchildren shared the money?
- What is asked in the problem?
Share of each child
- What are the given facts?
Six ₱500 bills; 8 grandchildren
- What are the clue words?
each child; divided equally

Step 2: Plan what to do.

- What is the hidden question?
How much is six ₱500 bills worth?
- What operation will be used?
Multiplication and division
- Write the equation
a. for the hidden question: 6 x ₱500=________
b. for the problem: (6 x ₱500) ÷ 8=_________

Step 3. Solve the problem.

₱500 ₱375
x 6 8⟌₱3000
₱3000 - 24
60
- 56
40
-40
0
Complete answer: Each child’s share is ₱375.

Step 4: Look back. Check your answer.

Working backward, use the opposite operations.
8 x ₱375= ₱3000
₱3000÷6= ₱500

The answer is correct.

Here is a three-step problem.

Mang Ruben, a nipa but maker, makes nipa huts for ₱15,000 each.
One time, three was an order for five nipa huts. After getting ₱59,500 from the
total mount received, he divided the rest equally among his four workers. How
much did each worker get?

Follow these steps to solve the problem.

Step 1: Understand the problem.
- Answer these questions about the problem.
A. What is the cost of one nipa hut?
b. How many nipa huts were ordered?
C. How many workers did Mang Ruben have?

- What is asked in the problem?

The amount each worker got
- What are the given facts?
₱15,000; 5nipa huts; ₱59,500; 4 workers
- What are the clue words?
Each worker; divided equally

Step 2: Plan what to do.

- What is the hidden question
a. Cost of 5 nipa huts.
b. Amount divided equally among 4 workers.
- Write the questions.
a. First hidden question:
5x₱15,000=_______________
b. Second hidden question:
[(5x₱15,000)-₱59,500]=_____________
c. For the problem;
[(5x₱15,000)-₱59,500]÷4=___________

Step 3: Solve the problem.

3875
a. ₱15,000 b. ₱75,000 c. 4⟌15500
x 5 - 59,500 - 12
₱75,000 ₱15,000 35
-32
30
- 28
20
-20
0

Complete answer: Each worker got ₱3875.

Step 4: Look back. Check your answer.

 Working backward, use the opposite operations.

4 x ₱3875= ₱15,500.
₱15,500 + ₱59,500 = ₱75,000
₱75,500 ÷ 5 = ₱15,000
The answer is correct.

Let Us Talk About It

- How do you solve word problems?
- In a two- or three-step word problem, what do you need to solve first?

Mrs. Martin bought a washing machine for ₱10, 750 and a colored TV set for
₱14,800. She paid ₱ 8000 as down payment and agreed to pay the rest in 10
equal monthly installments. How much would each monthly installment be?

11.Asked:______________________________________________________
12. Clue word/s:_________________________________________________
13. Equation:___________________________________________________
14. Complete answer:____________________________________________

Mr. Aquino's monthly salary is P22,000, while that

of his wife is P18,000. They save part of it for the family's
future needs. If they saved P7200 in 6 months, how much
did they spend per month?

15. Asked:__________________________________________________

16. Clue word/s:______________________________________________

17. Equation:________________________________________________

18. Complete answer:_________________________________________

There are 1875 cookies to be placed in medium-sized

paper bags with 25 cookies in each bag, and 1225 cookies in
large paper bags with 35 cookies each. How many bags will
be used in all?

19. Asked:_____________________________________________________
20. Clue word/s:_________________________________________________
21. Equation:___________________________________________________
22. Complete answer:____________________________________________

Work Alone
Analyze and solve each problem. Write the complete
answer on the line.

23. A dining table and four chairs together cost ₱14,000.

If the table cost ₱7600, how much did each chair cost?

24. Aling Flora made 500 pieces of polvoron. She sold

230 pieces and divided the rest among 18 children. How
many pieces did each child get?

25. A total of 865 pupils and teachers went on a field trip.

Fifteen buses and some jeepneys were hired. f each bus
can accommodate 55 persons and each jeepney can carry
20 persons, how many jeepneys were hired?

26. Mandy received ₱500 from his father and P320 from
his uncle. He bought three shirts and had ₱280 left.
How much did each shirt cost?

27. Mrs. Castro withdrew ₱12,500 from one bank and ₱15,500
from another bank. After buying a TV set for ₱14,500, she
gave the amount left to her three sons. If each one got an
equal share, how much did each son get?

Let Us Solve
Read and solve each problem. Write the answer on the line,

1. In a candy factory, 18 workers can pack 1530 boxes of candies

daily. How many boxes can one worker pack in 6 days?
_________________________________________________

2. Mang Kanor harvested 375 kilograms of potatoes and placed

them in sacks. If each sack weighed 25 kilograms, how many
sacks were used?
_________________________________________________

3. Mr. Rufino's monthly salary is 30,000. He goes to work for

20 days and spends ₱150 for lunch and ₱500 for gasoline
each day. How much does he save in a day?
_________________________________________________

4. Mang Rafael gathered 508 mangoes from one tree,

375 from another tree, and 417 from the third tree. He placed
65 mangoes in each crate. If he sold them at ₱1020 a crate
how much did he get from his mangoes?
_________________________________________________

LESSON 7 Creating Word Problems

Mr. Campos saw
this road sign on his
way to Laoag City.

Can you write a

word problem about it?

Let Us Discover
Recall what you have previously learned about formulating
a word problem.

-First, you should study the situation based on the given facts.
-Next, see how the given facts or information are related to
one another. Are there irrelevant facts? Is there a missing
fact that must be supplied or derived from the information
given?
-Then think of a good question to ask.

In the above situation, you know that Mr. Campos is going to

Laoag City. The road sign tells how far he is from his destination,
and the speed by which he is supposed to travel.

A good question to ask is "How many hours will it take him

to reach Laoag?”

You can now write a word problem using the information

above.
Mr. Campos is traveling from Manila to Laoag. On his way,
he saw a road sign telling that Laoag is 440 kilometers away.
If he travels at a speed of 80 kilometers per hour, in how many
hours will he reach Laoag?

You cansolve this problem following the four steps in problem solving.
Step 1. Understanding the problem.
-Where is Mr. Campos going?
-At what speed does he travel?
-How far away is Laoag when he saw the road sign?
-What is asked?
The number of hours it will take him to reach Laoag
-What are the given facts?
440 kilometers; 8 kilometers per hour
- What are the clue words?
 kilometers per hour

Step 2. Plan what to do.

- What operation will be used?
division
- What is the equation for the problem?
440÷80=__________

Step 3. Solve the problem.

5 40/80 or 5 1/2
80⟌440
400
40

Complete answer: Mr. Campos will reach Laoag City

in 5 1/2 hours.

Step 4. L0ok back. Check your answer.

Use the opposite operation and the distributive property

of multiplication over addition.

5 1/2 x 80= (5x 80)+(1/2x 80)

400+40 = 440

The answer is correct.

Let Us Talk About it

-How do you write or create a word problem given a Situation?
-How do you solve word problems?

Let Us Summarize
.To write a word problem when given a situation or
facts, remember these pointers.

- Study what the situation 1s trying to tell.

See how the facts are related to one another.

- Think of a good question to ask.

.To solve word problems, follow the four steps in

problem solving.

- Understand the problem.

- Plan what to do.

Solve the problem.

- Look back. Check your answer.

Let Us Practice
Get Ready
Write a question about each set of given facts below.

1. 3.
Roy won the race!
6 T-shirts
154 kilomeers
for ₱432
in 7 hours

___________________________ _______________________
___________________________ _______________________

2. 4.
School Fair Entrance 12 sacks of rice for
₱15 ₱14,400

___________________________ _______________________
___________________________ _______________________

5. 6.
1716 eggs 3675 mangoes
12 eggs in a carton 105 crates

___________________________ _______________________
___________________________ _______________________

Work Together
Work in pairs and create a word problem about each set
of facts given in numbers 1 to 6 of Get Ready. Write the word
problems in the space provided below.

7.__________________________________________

8.__________________________________________

9.__________________________________________

10._________________________________________

11._________________________________________

12._________________________________________

Work Alone
Read each situation with given facts. Write a word
problem about it.

13. Refrigerator worth ₱14,200; installment for 1 year; down

payment of ₱6400
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
14. Mother with 200 cookies; kept 125; the rest to her 5 children
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

15. 800 pupils; 80 more boys than girls

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
16. 120 children and adults; 3 times as many children as
adults
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

Let Us Solve

In your notebook write a one- or two-step word problem

about each picture below. Use any of the four operations. Give
the answer for each problem you wrote.

1. Grapes sold at
₱200 per kilogram

2. 85 tickets worth ₱4250

in all

3. Coconuts to be placed in
sacks; 24 to a sack;
₱240 per sack;
768 coconuts in all

LESSON 8 Order of Operations

Roy and Lerma answered the same question. Who gave the
correct answer?

Let Us Discover
It seems both answers are correct. But if you follow the
rule for order of operations, you will find out the correct answer
Mathematicians have agreed long before to follow certain
rules when doing operations in a number expression.
In the example, you first divide and then add.

So, 30 + 5 +5 =6+5 = 11.

The correct answer is 11. Hence, Roy answered the question
correctly.

Study the following examples.

1. 21÷7+8 - 4x2 Divide first then multiply then add and

21÷7+8 - 4x2 subtract.
3+8-8
11- 8
3
2. 45- 8 + 10 When addition and subtraction
45- 8 + 10 come in a row, perform them
37 +110 in the order in which they occur.
47
.

32 +8 x 6 When multiplication and

328 x 6 division come in a row, perform order in
4 x6 them in the order in which they occur.
24

When all four operations are together in an expression,

the order of operations is multiplication, then division, then
addition, and finally subtraction. This is simplified by the
acronym MDAS.

1.
4-3+2x6÷2 Multiply first, then divide,
4 - 3 + 12 ÷ 2 then subtract, and then add.
4-3÷6
1+6
7

2.
42 + 30÷5 + 6 x 12 - 10 Multiply first then
divide,
42 +30÷5 +6 x 12 -10 then add and subtract.
42 + 6+ 72 - 10
48+ 72- 10
120 -10
110

3.

8x 14 -60 ÷ 5 + 10 Multiply first then

divide,
8x 14 -60 ÷ 5 + 10 then subtract and add.
112- 60 ÷5 + 10
112-12+10
100+10
110

Let Us Talk About It

-When addition and subtraction come in a row, how do you

perform the operations?
-When multiplication and division come in a row, how do you
perform the operations?
-When all four operations are in an expression, how do you go
about performing the operations?

Let Us Summarize
-When addition and subtraction come in a row, you do
the operations as they occur.
-When multiplication and division are in a row, you do
the operations as they occur.
-When all four operations--addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division-are together in
expression, first perform multiplication and division in
the order in which they occur and then addition and
subtraction in the order of their occurrence.

Let Us Practice
Get Ready
Write the first and second operations to be done in solving
each expression on the the first two lines. Then write the answer
on the third line.

1. 2x 42 + 12 ÷4____________,_____________,________________

2. 15+3 x6-5_______________,_____________,________________

3. 14-5 +9 ÷3______________,______________,________________

4. 6+8-7 +8________________,_____________,_________________

5. 21-3x 4 +4_______________,_____________,_________________

Problem-Solving
Strategy
GUESS, CHECK, AND REVISE
In the guess, check, and revise strategy, you can make a
educated guess at the solution. You can try an answer and o
the given information to check the solution. If it is not correct
you can revise it.

Example
Together, Eric and Rita spent ₱80 at the zoo. Eric spent
₱10 more than Rita.

How much did Rita spend?

To solve, choose a number for the amount Rita spen t
Then add ₱10 to find the amount Eric would have spent
Add the two amounts together, and if the sum is ₱80,
choice is correct. Otherwise, choose again.

Solution

First choice: ₱30

₱30 Rita
+P40 Eric (₱30+ ₱10= ₱40)
₱70-The total amount spent is less than ₱80,
so the choice of ₱30 is too low.

Second choice: ₱40

₱40 Rita
+₱50 Eric
₱904The total amount spent is more than ₱80, so the choice of ₱40
is too high.

Since ₱40 is too high and ₱30 is too low, choose an amount
between P30 and ₱40. Choose ₱35.

₱35 Rita
+₱45 Eric
₱80 The total is ₱80.

Complete answer: Rita spent ₱35.

To check, ₱45 - ₱35 = ₱10. Eric spent ₱10 more than

Rita, and together, they spent ₱80.

Exercises
Read and solve each problem. Write the complete answer
on the line.

1. The sum of two numbers is 48 and their difference is 4.

What are the two numbers?
______________________________________________

2. Ruth bought 23 tickets for the raffle. If she bought 7 more

red tickets than blue tickets, how many of each colored
ticket did she buy?
______________________________________________

3. Fatima sold 98 cups of orange juice and buko juice. If she

sold 20 more cups of buko Juice than orange juice, how
many cups of each kind did she sell?
______________________________________________

4. The sum of two numbers is 15. One number is 2 times the

other. What are the two numbers?
______________________________________________

CHAPTER TEST

A. Divide. Write the quotient in the box.

1. 7⟌213 6. 35⟌1630 11. 24⟌2850

2. 6 ⟌456 7. 12⟌4860 12.29⟌4208

3. 8⟌5464 8. 17 ⟌9574 13. 100 ⟌4262

4. 23⟌ 644 9. 25 ⟌3159 14. 200⟌3704

5. 28⟌5684 10. 34 ⟌9864 15. 500⟌6800

16. 4500÷90 = 18. 3330÷30 =

17. 2450÷20= 19. 6500÷ 50=

B. Estimate the quotient. Use compatible numbers. Write
the answer above the division line.

20. 14⟌ 2432 22. 31⟌6432 24. 42⟌1308

21. 28⟌ 5698 23. 37⟌9162 25. 73⟌6452

C. Perform the given operations to find the answer.

26. 10 + 4 x5-8 ÷2=____________

27. 6x 18 ÷ 6 +4-6 =___________

28. 32-3 x6 +9 ÷3 = ___________

29. 4 x 30 + 16 ÷2-25 =_________

D. Read the problem. Answer each question that follows.

Mrs. Nacario has ₱8000. After setting aside ₱5240,

she gave the remaining amount to her 3 children as
their allowance for 2 weeks. How much was each child's
share?

30. What is asked?

____________________________________________________________
31. What facts are given?
____________________________________________________________
32. What is the hidden question?
____________________________________________________________
33. What operations will be used?
____________________________________________________________
34. What is the equation for the hidden question?
____________________________________________________________
35. What is the equation for the problem?
____________________________________________________________

36. What is the complete answer?

__________________________________________________

E. Read and solve each problem.

37. Ester's father received ₱91,680 as his salary for

24 weeks. How much was his weekly salary?

38. A bed and six pillows cost ₱9480. A pillow costs

₱180. How much does the bed cost?

39. Mrs. Castelo had ₱3500. She bought a pair of shoes

for P1100 and received her change in ₱200 bills
How many bills did she get?

40. Mr. Leyra ordered brown sugar worth ₱6300.

If each kilogram of brown sugar costs ₱42, how many
kilograms of sugar were ordered?