2002 HSC Full Solutions

Question 1  Question 2  Question 3 

Question 4  Question 5  Question 6 
Question 7 
QUESTION 1
sin x 3sin 3 x
(a) lim  lim
x 0 x x 0 3x
sin 3 x
 3lim
x 0 3x
3

(b) 
1
 
6

0
6
sec 2 x tan 2 xdx 
2
sec 2 x
0
(see standard integrals)

1  
  sec  sec 0 
2 3 
1 1
  2  1 
2 2
d 2 d d
(c) 3 x ln x  3 x 2 . (ln x)  ln x. (3 x 2 )
dx dx dx
1
 3 x 2 .  ln x.6 x
x
 3 x  6 x.ln x for x  0
The domain of y  sin 1 x is  1  x  1
(d)
x
  1   1 i.e.  2  x  2
2
 
The range of y  sin 1 x is   sin 1 x 
2 2
x 3 x 3
 y  3 sin 1 is   3 sin 1 
2 2 2 2
2
x x 2x2
(e) x = 3t and y = 2t 2  t  so y  2    y 
3 3 9

du
(f) u  1  x2    2 x  du   2 xdx
dx
At x  2, u   3 At x  3, u   8
3 2x  8  du
2 1  x 2 2 dx  3 u 2
 
8
8  u 1 
   u du    2

3
  1  3
8
1 1  1 5
       
 u  3 8  3  24
Question 2
2x  3
(a)
 log 2 x  log 3
x log 2  log 3
log 3
x  1.58
log 2

(b) 2 cos x  3
3
 cos x 
2
 
x  
 6

x  2n  n is an integer
6
x3  2 x 2  a   x  2  Q( x)  3
(c)
let x  2
8  8  a   2  2  Q(2)  3
 16  a  0.Q(2)  3
a  19
1
(d) use sin 2   1  cos 2 
2

2  4 sin 2 4 xdx
0

1
 2 4 1  cos8 x  dx
0 2

  4 1  cos8 x  dx
0

 sin 8 x  4
 x 
 8  0
  sin 2 
     0  0
4 8 
 0 
  
4 8 4
 T A
(e) α
α β NOT TO
SCALE
X
*
*Y
*
B

C
ACB= because the angle between a
(e)(i)
tangent and a chord equals the angle in the
alternate segement
In ATX and CTY:
(e)(ii)
ATX  CTY ( given)
XAT  YCT (ACB) from part (i )
ATX ||| CTY ( AA)
TXA  TYC corres.  ' s in similar  ' s
Now AXY  1800  TXA
& AYX  1800  TYC
AXY  AYX (since TXA  TYC )
AXY is isosceles.
Question 3
Number of circular permutations of 7 objects
(a) (i) = (7 – 1)!
= 6! = 720
Consider case where Kevin and Jill do sit together 5! x 2
(a) (ii) Cases where they don’t sit together 6! – 5! x 2 = 480

f ( x)  e x  3 x 2
(b) (i)
f (3.7)  40.4  42.1  0 below axis
f (3.8)  44.7  43.2  0 above axis
Since f ( x) continuous then a root exists
f '( x)  e x  6 x
(b) (ii)
x1  3.8
f ( x)
 x2 = x1 
f '( x)
f (3.8)
 3.8 
f '(3.8)
 3.74
(c) (i) T  22  Ae  kt
dT
  kAe  kt
dt
dT
  k (T  22)
dt
(c) (ii) T  22  Ae  kt
At t  0 T=800
 80  22  Ae0
A  80  22  58
At t  10 T  60
 60  22  58e 10 k
60  22  58e 10 k
38  58e10 k
38
e 10 k 
58
38
ln e10 k  ln
58
38
10k  ln
58
38
ln
k  58  0.0423
10
(c) (iii) T  22  58e 0.0423t

At T=300
30  22  58e 0.0423t
8  58e 0.0423t
8
 e 0.0423t
58
8
ln  0.0423t
58
8
ln
t 58  46.8484  47 minutes
0.0423
Question 4
2
(a) (i) Let p  P(hit )  p 
3
1
Let q  P(miss )  q 
3
 Probability of 9 hits in 10 trials
1 9
1 2 29
= C9      10  10
10

3  3 3
Probability of 10 hits in 10 trials
(a) (ii) 0 10
1  2 210
= 10C10      10
 3  3 3
Probability of 9 or 10 hits
29 210 29 29
10    10  2   12 
310 310 310 310
29 211
 3  4  10  9
3 3
 Probability of fewer than 9 hits
211
=1-
39
b
(b) (i)        2
a
d
(b) (ii)     24
a
(b) (iii) Let roots be - ,  & 
-      2
  2
Now k  -   -    
  2
And -  24
 2   24
 2 2  24
 2  12
 k  12 since k   2
(c)(i) x  16 x

d 1 2
  x   16 x
dx  2 
1
 x 2   16 xdx
2
1 2
 x  8 x 2  C
2
At x  1 x  4  C  16
1
 x 2  8 x 2  16
2
x  16 x 2  32
2

x 2  16( x 2  2)
| x | 4 2  x 2
(c)(ii) Greatest displacement occurs when x  0
4 2  x2  0
2  x2  0
x2  2
x 2

(c)(iii) Using x 2  n2 a 2  x 2
 
and x 2  16 2  x2 
then n  4 and a  2
Using x  a cos(nt   )
then x  2 cos(4t   )
When t  0, x  1
1  2 cos(0   )
1
cos  
2
AND x  4 2 sin(4t   )
When t  0, x  4
 4  4 2 sin(0   )
1
sin   
2
1 1
If cos   & sin   
2 2

then   
4

 x  2 cos(4t  )
4
Question 5
(a) Step 1: Show true for n  1
LHS  2 1!  2
RHS  1(1  1)  2
True for n=1
Step 2: Assume true for say k
 
i.e. 2 1! 5  2! 10  3! ...  k 2  1 k !  k (k  1)!
Show true for k+1

  
i.e. 2 1! 5  2! 10  3! ...  k 2  1 k !  k  1  1  k  1!
2

  k  1 (k  2)!

  
LHS  2 1! 5  2! 10  3! ...  k 2  1 k !  k  1  1  k  1 !
2

 
 k (k  1)!  k  1  1  k  1!
2

  k  1 ! k   k  1  1
2


  k  1 ! k 2  3k  2 
  k  1 ! k  1)(k  2 
  k  2  ! k  1
Step 3: Since true for n=1 (Step 1) then true for n=2 (Step 2)
Since true for n=2 now true for n=3 and so on. Hence by
mathematical induction it is true for all positive integers n.
(b) (i) 4 cm

r
12 cm

From the diagram two similar triangles

can be identified.
r 4
  corresp. sides in the same ratio
h 12
h
r
3
(b) (ii) dh dh dV
Use  .
dt dV dt
1
Now V   r 2 h
3
2
1 h
   h
3 3
 h3

27
dV 3 h 2  h 2
  
dh 27 9
dh 9
  2
dV  h
dV
& 3
dt
dh dh dV
 .
dt dV dt
9
 2 .3
h
9
 2 .3 at h=9
9
1
= cm / s
3
(c)(i) 1 1  12 1
f '( x)  2. . x  .2
 
1  x2
2 1   2 x  1
2

1 1 1
 .  .2
1 x x 
1  4x2  4x  1 
1 1 1
 .  .2
1 x x 4x  4x2
1 1 1 1 1
 . . .2 NB x  0 or 1
1 x x 2 x 1 x
1 1 1 1
 .  .
1 x x 1 x x
 0 for 0  x  1
(c)(ii) Since f '( x)  0 for 0  x  1 then f ( x)
must be a horizontal line.
f ( x)  2sin 1 x  sin 1  2 x  1
f (0)  2sin 1 0  sin 1  2.0  1
 
f (0)  2  0   
2 2
1 1  1 
f ( )  2sin 1  sin 1  2.  1
2 2  2 
1  
f ( )  2  sin 1  0  
2 4 2
f (1)  2sin 1  sin  2.1  1
1 1

  
f (1)  2  
2 2 2

 f ( x)  for 0  x  1
2
(c)(iii) y


2

0 1 x
Question 6
(a) (i) Given at t  0, x  0, x  V cos 
and at t  0, y  5, y  V sin 
x0
 y  10

x  V cos  y  10t  V sin 
x  Vt cos  y  5t 2  Vt sin   5

(a) (ii) 3 3 4
If tan   then sin   & cos  
4 5 5
From the diagram when x=60 y=0
Using x  Vt cos 
x 60 75
the t   
V cos  V . 4 V
5
Now using y  5t  Vt sin   5
2

75
and t  when y  0
V
2
 75  75 3
0  5    V . .  5
V  V 5
2
 75  75 3
 5    .  5
V  1 5
2
 75 
 5    50
V 
752
50  5 2
V
2
75
V2 
10
752 75
V   23.7
10 10
(a) (iii) Achieves maximum height when y  0
Now y  10t  V sin 
75 3
 0  10t  .
10 5
45
10t 
10
45 9
t 
10 10 2 10
Sub this value for t into y
2
 9  75 9 3
 y  5    . . 5
 2 10  10 2 10 5
121

8
121
 the maximum height reached is m
8
(b) (i)

A B
D C
E F
n n+1

n 1
1
n x
dx represents the area under the curve between n and n+1

In the diagram this would be ACFE

1
represents the area of the small rectangle DCFE
n+1
1
as CF = f (n  1) 
n+1
1
represents the area of the bigger rectangle ABFE
n
1
as AE = f (n) 
n
DCFE < ACFE < ABFE
1 n 1 1 1
 < dx <
n+1 n x n
(b) (ii) 1 n 1 1 1
< dx <
n+1 n x n
1 1
 <  ln x n <
n+1

n+1 n
1 1
 <ln  n+1  ln n <
n+1 n


1
<ln
 n+1 < 1
n+1 n n
1 1 1
 <ln(1+ )<
n+1 n n
1 1 1
ln(1+ )
e n+1
<e n
e n

1 1
1
e n+1  en
<1+
n
1 1
1 1
 e <1+ and 1+  e
n+1 n
n n
n 1 n
 1  1
 e< 1+  and 1+   e
 n  n
n n1
 1  1
  1+   e< 1+ 
 n  n
Question 7
(a) (i)
y

It does not have an

inverse as it does not
pass the horizontal line
test. Over it’s domain it
y=g(x) is both monotonic
increasing and
monotonic decreasing

(a) (ii)

y=f (x)

y=f-1(x)

(a) (iii) 1
x  ey  for y  0 and x  2
ey
xe y  e 2 y  1
0  e 2 y  xe y  1
Let u  e y
 0  u 2  xu  1
  x  (  x ) 2  4  1 1
u 
2 1
x  x2  4
u
2
x  x2  4
i.e. e y 
2
 x  x2  4 
 y  ln  
 2 
 
 x  x2  4 
However y  ln  
 2 
 
because for x  2 y  0 which are the conditions
for the domain and range
 1  x 
n
(b) (i)  c0  c1 x  c2 x 2  c3 x 3  ...  cn x n ..................(1)
d
dx
d

1  x   c0  c1 x  c2 x 2  c3 x3  ...  cn x n
n

dx

n 1  x 
n 1
 c1  2c2 x  3c3 x 2  4c4 x 3  ...  ncn x n 1.....(2)
Let x  1
 2
n
 c0  c1  c2  c3  ...  cn from (1)
n 1
n(2)  c1  2c2  3c3  4c4  ...  ncn from (2)
 2   n( 2) n 1  c0  2c1  3c2  4c3  ...
n
 ( n  1)cn added
i.e.(2) n 1 ( n  2)  c0  2c1  3c2  4c3  ...  ( n  1)cn
(b) (ii) 1  x   c0  c1 x  c2 x 2  c3 x3  ...  cn x n
n

 1  x  dx    c0  c1 x  c2 x  c3 x  ...  cn x  dx
n 2 3 n

1  x 
n 1
c1 x 2 c2 x3 c3 x 4 cn x n 1
 c0 x     ...  C
n 1 2 3 4 n 1
Let x  0
1
 0  0  0  0  ....  0  C
n 1
1
C 
n 1
1  x 
n 1
c1 x 2 c2 x3 c3 x 4 c x n 1 1
  c0 x     ...  n 
n 1 2 3 4 n 1 n 1
1  x 
n 1
c1 x 2 c2 x3 c3 x 4 c x n 1 1
 n 1
dx   (c0 x 
2

3

4
 ...  n 
n 1 n 1
)

1  x 
n2
c0 x 2 c1 x3 c2 x 4 c3 x5 cn x n  2 1
     ...   x  C1
(n  1)(n  2) 2 2.3 3.4 4.5 ( n  1)(n  2) n  1
Let x  0
1
 0  0  0  0  ....  0  C1
(n  1)(n  2)
1
 C1 
(n  1)(n  2)
1  x 
n 2
c0 x 2 c1 x3 c2 x 4 cn x n  2 1 1
     ...   x
(n  1)(n  2) 2 2.3 3.4 (n  1)( n  2) n  1 ( n  1)( n  2)
Let x  1
c c c cn 1 1
 0  0  1  2  ...   1
n 2
 
2 2.3 3.4 (n  1)(n  2) n  1 (n  1)(n  2)
c c c cn 1 1
 0  1  2  ...   1
n2
 
2 2.3 3.4 (n  1)( n  2) n  1 (n  1)(n  2)
(n  2)  1

(n  1)(n  2)
(n  1)

(n  1)(n  2)
1

(n  2)