1.

(a) RCH(NH2)COOH; 1
(b) H2NCH(CH3)CONHCH2COOH / H2NCH2CONHCH(CH3)COOH
water/H2O; 2
(c) structure/catalysis or enzymes/energy source/oxygen transport; 2
Any two, [1] each. Accept specific structures, e.g.
hair, muscle.
[5]

2. (i) acid/hydrochloric acid/HCl (accept H2SO4)

Accept base/NaOH.
concentrated/heat or high temperature or boil/
time (any two, [1] each);
O
C N / C N / p e p tid e / a m id e ;
H 4

(ii) mixture/amino acids spotted on paper/gel;

apply voltage;
develop/ninhydrin/organic dye;
measure distances moved/compare with known samples/measure
isoelectric
points and compare with data; 4
Marks may be given for a suitable diagram.
[8]

3. (a) enzyme lowers activation energy;

Award [1] for how the activation energy is lowered e.g.
enzyme binds to substrate/E + S ES then enzyme-susbtrate complex
breaks up to give product and enzyme/ES  P + E; 2

(b) (i) graph linear at low concentrations so rate increases as [S]

increases/OWTTE;
because of more frequent E-S interactions/collisions;
graph flattens out at higher concentrations so rate unaffected
by [S]/OWTTE;
because active sites on enzyme become occupied; 4

(ii) Vmax : 630×10–6/6.30×10–4 (ignore units);

Km : 12 – 13×10–3 (ignore units); 2
(penalize once only if×10–x is missing)

1
 [8]

4. (a)
H H O H H
H O H 2C C C C C C H O
O H O H H O H 1
No penalty for “sticks” or for OH groups written back-
to-front, eg. OH- instead of HO-.

(b) the –OH group on the first carbon atom is inverted in β-glucose 1

(c) one (amylose) is a straight chain polymer whereas the other (amylopectin)
is branched; one (amylose) has only 1,4 bonds (between the monomers)
whereas the other (amylopectin) has 1,4 and 1,6 bonds; 2

(d) Mr for sucrose =342;

–1 –1
heat evolved = 0.631(kg)×4.18 (kJ kg K )×6.22(K) = 16.4 kJ;
16.4  342
1.00 3 –1
calorific value = = 5.61×10 kJ mol ; 3
Allow answers in range 5610 to 5620.
Penalize for more than 5 sig. figs.
ECF from incorrect Mr.
[7]

5. (a) (i) the nucleotides condense/form a phosphodiester bond;

between the C3 of the sugar and a neighbouring phosphate group; 2
(ii) hydrogen bonds formed between the different strands;
thymine/T bonds to adenine/A and cytosine/C bonds to guanine/G; 2

(b) the coded information lies in the sequence of triplets of bases/codons;

each codon/triplet represents an amino acid (or a terminator); 2

(c) Award [1] for any three of following.

DNA extracted from blood/sample;
cut into mini-satellites using restriction enzymes;
fragments separated by gel electrophoresis
32
some mention of method of detecting the pattern e.g. labelling with P and
using X-ray film/staining with fluorescent dye;
DNA profile taken from child should be similar to adult’s
DNA if the adult is the parent; 4 max
The last point stands in its own right.
[10]

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