1.

A
[1]

2. A
[1]

3. D
[1]

4. D
[1]

5. (a) exothermic because temperature rises/heat is released; 1

(b) to make any heat loss as small as possible/so that all the heat will be
given out very quickly; 1
Do not accept “to produce a faster reaction”.

(c) heat released = mass×specific heat capacity×temp increase/q = mc∆T =/

100×4.18×3.5;
= 1463 J/1.463 kJ; (allow 1.47 kJ if specific heat = 4.2)
amount of KOH/HCl used = 0.500×0.050 = 0.025 mol;
∆H = (1.463÷0.025) = –58.5 (kJ mol–1); (minus sign needed for mark)4
Use ECF for values of q and amount used.
Award [4] for correct final answer.
Final answer of 58.5 or +58.5 scores [3].
Accept 2,3 or 4 significant figures.

(d) heat loss (to the surroundings);

insulate the reaction vessel/use a lid/draw a temperature versus time
graph; 2
(e) 3.5°C/temperature change would be the same;
amount of base reacted would be the same/excess acid would not react/
KOH is the limiting reagent; 2
[10]

6. A
[1]

1
2
7. (a) C6H5OH + 7O2 → 6CO2 + 3H2O; 1
Ignore state symbols.

(b) ∆Hrο =Σ∆Hfο products – Σ∆Hfο reactants;

–3050 = (6(–394) +3 (–286) – (∆Hfο phenol + O));
∆Hfο phenol =–172 kJ mol–1; 3
Award [3] for correct final answer.
Apply –1 (U) if appropriate.
Award [2 max] for ∆Hfο phenol = +172 kJ mol –1.

(c) appropriate conversion of units;

∆G = –172 – 298(– 0.385)
= –57.3 kJ mol–1/–57 300 J mol–1; 3
Award [3] for correct final answer.
Accept answers in range –57.0 to –57.3 kJ mol–1.
Accept 3 sig. fig. only.
Allow ECF from (b).
Apply –1 (U) if appropriate.

(d) spontaneous;
since ∆G is negative;
Allow ECF from (c). 2
(e) reaction becomes less spontaneous;
∆G becomes less negative/more positive;
Accept a suitable calculation.
Allow ECF from (c). 2
[11]

8. D
[1]

9. C
[1]

10. B
[1]

3
11. A
[1]

12. (a) (i) standard enthalpy (change) of reaction;

(temperature) increase;
reaction is exothermic/sign of H is negative; 3
(ii) more (negative);
heat given out when gas changes to solid/solid has less enthalpy
than
gas/OWTTE; 2
(iii) –389 kJ; 1
[6]

13. (i) the energy needed to break one bond;

(in a molecule in the) gaseous state;
value averaged using those from similar compounds; 3
(ii) it is an element/no other species with just a Br-Br bond/OWTTE; 1
(iii) (sum bonds broken =) 412 + 193 = 605;
(sum bonds formed =) 276 + 366 = 642;
(H =) –37 kJ; 3
Award [3] for correct final answer.
Award [2] for “+ 37”.
Accept answer based on breaking and making extra
C-H bonds.
(iv)
CH4 + Br2
Enthalpy ;
CH3Br + HBr

2
Award [1] for enthalpy label and two horizontal lines,
[1] for reactants higher than products.
ECF from sign in (iii), ignore any higher energy level
involving atoms.
(v) (about) the same/similar;
same (number and type of) bonds being broken and formed; 2
[11]

14. C
[1]

4
5
15. (a) the enthalpy/energy/heat change for the formation of one mole of a
compound/substance from its elements;
in their standard states/under standard conditions/at 298 K and 1 atm;
1
H 2 (g)  12 N 2 (g)  1 12 O 2 (g)  HNO3 (l) ;
2 4
Award [1] for correctly balanced equation, [1] for all
state symbols correct.
Do not award equation mark if 2HNO3 formed.

(b) Hr = ∑HfӨ (products)  ∑HfӨ (reactants)/suitable cycle;

= 3(  394) + 2(  286)  185;
Award [1] for correct coefficients of CO2 and H2O
values, [1] for correct value for C3H4 from Data
Booklet.
= 1939 or 1940 kJ; 4
Ignore units.
Award [4] for correct final answer.
Award [3] for +1939 or  1569.

(c) negative;
decrease in disorder/increase in order;
5 mol of gas  3 mol of gas/reduction in number of gas moles; 3
Award [1] for answer of close to zero based on use
of H2O(g).
[11]

16. (a) S = SӨ (products)  SӨ (reactants)/suitable cycle;

= 270  248  2131;
=  240 (J K1); 3
Units not needed for mark, but penalize incorrect
units.
Award [3] for correct final answer.

(b) ΔGӨ =  287  (2980.240);

Award [1] for correct substitution of values and [1]
for conversion of units.
= 215 kJ; 3
Units needed for mark.
Apply ECF from  360 kJ or incorrect answer from
(a).
6
[6]

7
17. (a) 6
+
L i (g ) + e- + F (g )

L i +(g ) + e - + 1
2 F 2(g )

L i+ (g ) + F - (g )

L i(g ) + 1
2 F 2(g )

1
L i(s ) + 2 F 2(g )

L iF (s )

Award [6] for completely correct cycle, with

endothermic processes in any order.
Deduct [1] for each line in which species symbol
and/or state symbol is incorrect or missing.
Penalize missing electrons once only.

(b) bonding in AgF more ionic than in AgI/bonding in AgI more covalent than
in AgF;
Accept AgF is ionic and AgI is covalent.
values closer/in better agreement in AgF/big(ger) difference in values for
AgI/OWTTE; 2
[8]

18. C
[1]

19. A
[1]

20. D
[1]

21. C
[1]

8
22. (a) (Amount of energy required to break bonds of reactants)
8×412 + 2×348 + 612 + 6×496/7580 (kJ mol1);
(Amount of energy released during bond formation)
1
4×2×743 + 4×2×463/9648 (kJ mol );
H = 2068 (kJ or kJ mol1); 3
ECF from above answers.
Correct answer scores [3].
Award [2] for (+)2068.
If any other units apply 1(U), but only once per
paper.

(b) exothermic and HӨ is negative/energy is released; 1

Apply ECF to sign of answer in part (a).
Do not mark if no answer to (a).
[4]

23. 1×H1/676;
1×H2/–394;
2×H3/– 484;
H4 = 202 (kJ mol1 ); 4
Accept alternative methods.
Correct answers score [4].

Award [3] for (+)202 or (+)40 (kJ/kJ mol 1).
1(U) if units incorrect (ignore if absent).
[4]

24. A
[1]

25. C
[1]

26. D
[1]

9
27. (a) C6H12 + 9O2  6CO2 + 6H2O; 1
(b) (i) (HӨ = ∑HfӨproducts  ∑HfӨreactants)
HӨ = (6×394 + 6×242)  (43);
HӨc = 3773/3.8×103 (kJ mol1); 2
Accept 2, 3 or 4 sig. fig..
Award [1] for + 3773/+ 3.8 ×103 (kJ mol1).
Allow ECF from (a) only if coefficients used.

(ii) SӨ = (SpӨ  SrӨ) = (6×189 + 6×214)  (385 + 9×205);

SӨ =188 (J K1 mol1 ); 2
Accept only 3 sig. fig..
Award [1] for –188.
Allow ECF from (a) only if coefficients used.

(c) (GӨc = HӨc  TSӨc) = 3800  (298×0.188);

=  3900 kJ mol1. 2
Accept  3800 to  3900.
Accept 2, 3 or 4 sig. fig.
Allow ECF from (b).
Units needed for second mark.

(d) spontaneous and GӨ negative; 1

Allow ECF from (c).
[8]

28.  1×H1/676;
1×H2/ 394;
2×H3/ 484;
1
H4 = 202 (kJ mol ); 4
Accept alternative methods.
Correct answers score [4].

Award [3] for (+)202 or (+)40 (kJ/kJ mol 1).
[4]

29. A
[1]

10
30. B
[1]

31. C
[1]

32. (a) energy needed to break (1 mol of) a bond in a gaseous molecule;
averaged over similar compounds; 2

(b) bonds broken identified as CO and NH;

bonds formed identified as CN and OH;
H = 748  768 (kJ);
=  20 kJ/kJ mol1 (units needed for this mark); 4
If wrong bonds identified apply ECF to 3rd and 4th
marks.
Accept answer based on breaking and making all
bonds.
Award [4] for correct final answer.
Award max [3] if only one bond missed.
1
Answer of 20 or +20 kJ (mol ) scores [3].
[6]

33. C
[1]

34. A
[1]

35. D
[1]

36. (a) enthalpy/energy change for the formation of 1 mol of a compound from
its elements;
Do not accept heat needed to form 1 mol…

11
 in their standard states/under standard conditions/at 298 K and 1 atm; 2

(b) greater value/more negative value;

energy given out when steam condenses/turns to water; 2

(c) HӨ = ∑HfӨ (products)  ∑HfӨ (reactants)/suitable cycle;

= (28242)(20146);
= 23 kJ/kJ mol1; 3
Units needed for 3rd mark.
Correct final answer scores [3].

23 or +23 kJ/kJ mol 1 scores [2].
If 239 used instead of 201 for CH3OH, award [2]
for +15 kJ.
[7]

12