1.

D
[1]

2. C
[1]

3. B
[1]

4. D
[1]

5. (a) activation energy = minimum energy required for a reaction to occur; 1

(b) curve moved to the right;
peak lower, 2
Deduct [1] if shaded area smaller at T2 or if T2 line touches the
x-axis

(c) rate increased;

as more molecules with energy  Ea; 2
[5]

6. B
[1]

7. D
[1]

8. D
[1]

1
9. B
[1]

10. A
[1]

11. A
[1]

12. C(s) + 2F2(g) → CF4(g) ∆H1 = –680 kJ;

4F(g) → 2F2(g) ∆H2 = 2(–158) kJ;
C(g) → C(s) ∆H3 = –715 kJ;
Accept reverse equations with +∆H values.
C(g) + 4F(g) → CF4(g) ∆H = –1711 kJ,
– 1711
so average bond enthalpy = 4
–1
= –428 kJ mol ; 4
Accept + or – sign.
Lots of ways to do this! The correct answer is very different
from the value in the Data Booklet, so award [4] for final
answer with/without sign units not needed, but deduct [1] if
incorrect units. Accept answer in range of 427 to 428 without
penalty for sig figs.
If final answer is not correct use following;
Award [1] for evidence of cycle or enthalpy diagram or adding
of equations.
Award [1] for 2F2 (g) → 4F(g) 2×158 seen.
Award [1] for dividing 1711 or other value by 4.
[4]

ο ο
13. (∆G = ∆H – T∆S )
ο
as T increases, –T∆S becomes larger/more positive;
∆G increases/becomes more positive/less negative;
process becomes less spontaneous/reverse reaction favoured; 3
[3]

2
14. C
[1]

15. B
[1]

16. B
[1]

17. A
[1]

18. B
[1]

19. B
[1]

20. C
[1]

ο ο
21. a reaction is spontaneous when ∆G is negative/non-spontaneous when ∆G is positive;
ο
at high T, ∆G is negative;
ο ο
(because) T∆S is greater than ∆H ;
ο ο ο
at low T, ∆G is positive because T∆S is smaller than ∆H /OWTTE; 4
[4]

22. (i) selection of all the correct bonds or values from Data Booklet;
∆H = (N≡≡N) + 3(H—H) – 6(N—H) / 944 + 3(436) – 6(388);
= –76 (kJ); 3
Allow ECF for one error (wrong bond energy/wrong
coefficient/reverse reaction) but not for two errors
(so –611, –857, +76, +1088 all score 2 out of 3).

3
(ii) negative;
decrease in the number of gas molecules/OWTTE; 2
(iii) ∆G = ∆H – T∆S
∆G = –76.0 – 300 (–0.0627); 3
Award [1] for 300 K.
Award [1] for conversion of units J to kJ or vice versa.
Allow ECF from (i) from ∆H.
Allow ECF from (ii) for sign of ∆S.
–1
= –57.2 (kJ mol ) is spontaneous/or non-spontaneous if positive value
obtained; [3 max]
[8]