Trigonometric Functions

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. A wheel rotates making 20 revolutions 8. If x sin3q + y cos3q = sinq cosq and x sinq =
per second. If the radius of the wheel y cosq, then x2 + y2 is equal to
is 35 cm, what linear distance does a (a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 1
point of its rim travel in three minutes? 9. The value of sec2q + cosec2q is equal to
(Take p = 22/7) (a) tan2q + cot2q (b) sec2q cosec2q
(a) 7.92 km (b) 7.70 km (c) secq cosecq (d) sin2q cos2q
(c) 7.80 km (d) 7.85 km π π tan 2 (π / 3) cosec (π / 6)
10. If x sin cos2 = ,
2. The angles of a triangle are in A.P. and 4 3 sec(π / 4)cot2 (π / 6)
the ratio of angle in degrees of the least to the then x =
angle in radians of the greatest is 60 : p, find (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16
the angles in degrees. 11. If tanq = 3 and q lies in III quadrant, then
(a) 30°, 60°, 90° (b) 40°, 60°, 90° find the value of sinq.
(c) 30°, 30°, 120° (d) 20°, 130°, 30° 1 2 −3 −5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3. The large hand of a clock is 42 cm long. 10 10 10 10
How much distance does its extremity move in 12. Find x from the equation
20 minutes? cosec (90° + q) + x cosq cot (90° + q) = sin(90° + q).
(a) 88 cm (b) 80 cm (c) 75 cm (d) 77 cm (a) cot q (b) tan q (c) – tan q (d) – cot q
4. Find the radius of the circle in which a 13. Find the value of tan(a + b), given that
central angle of 60° intercepts an arc of length 1  3π  and secb = −5 , b ∈  π 
cota = , a ∈  π ,   , π  .
22 2 2 3 2
37.4 cm (Use p = ).
7 (a) 1/11 (b) 2/11 (c) 5/11 (d) 3/11
(a) 37.5 cm (b) 32.8 cm
14. Find the value of 2cos45° sin15°.
(c) 35.7 cm (d) 34.5 cm
3 +1 3 −1 3
5. Find the angle in radian through which a (a) (b) 1/2 (c) (d)
2 2 2
pendulum swings it its length is 75 cm and tip
15. Find the value of 2sin15°⋅cos75°.
describes an arc of length 21 cm.
(a) 7/25 (b) 6/25 (c) 8/25 (d) 3/25 (a)
(2 + 3)
(b) 1
2
6. The circular measures of two angles of a
3 2− 3
1 1 (c) (d)
triangle are and , find the third angle in 2 2
2 3
English system. π
16. The value of 4sina sin α +  sin α +
2π 
  =
(a) 130°15′20′′ (b) 132°15′20′′ 3  3 
(c) 132°16′22′′ (d) 122°16′44′′ (a) sin3a (b) sin2a (c) sina (d) sin2a
7. Convert 6 radians into degree measure. 17. If sinq = 3sin(q + 2a), then the value of
(a) 343°38′11′′ (b) 348°33′11′′ tan(q + a) + 2tana is
(c) 433°38′11′′ (d) 343°37′12′′ (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) –1 (d) 0
18. Find the degree measure of c c
π   π
the angle subtended at the centre 28. Find the degree measure of   and  − 
9  3
of a circle of radius 100 cm by an respectively.
arc of length 22 cm as shown in (a) 20°, –60° (b) 30°, 60°
22 (c) 20°, 40° (d) 40°, 50°
figure. [Use p = ]
7 −3 3π
29. If cosq = and p < q < , then the value
(a) 12°30′ (b) 12°36′ (c) 11°36′ (d) 11°12′ 5 2
19. Find the radian measure of 520°. of cosecθ + cot θ is
(a) 13p/9 (b) 26p/9 (c) 17p/9 (d) 6p/9 sec θ − tan θ

sin A cos A (a) 1/6 (b) 1/7 (c) 1/5 (d) 1/2
20. If = m and = n, then find the
sin B cos B 4
30. If cot x = and x lies in third quadrant,
value of tan B; n2 < 1 < m2. 3
then find the value of sec x.
1 − n2
(a) n2 (b) ± (a) 1/4 (b) 7/4 (c) 2/4 (d) –5/4
m2 − 1
4
(c) n2/(m2 – 1) (d) m2 31. If cos x = , where x ∈[0, p/2], then the
5
21. If 3 sinq + 5 cosq = 4, then find the value of  x
value of cos   is equal to
5 sinq – 3 cosq. 2
1 2 3 2
(a) ±3 2 (b) ±5 2 (a) (b) (c) (d) −
10 5 10 5
(c) ± 2 (d) ±7 2
−4 32. The value of 3 cosec 20° – sec 20° is
22. If tanq = , then sinq is (a) 1 (b) 7 (c) 2 (d) 4
3
−4 4 −4 4  1°  1°
(a) but not (b) or 33. Evaluate 2 cos  22  ⋅ cos  67  .
 2 2
5 5 5 5
1
4 4 −3 3 (a) 2 (b) 2 (c) (d) 0
(c) but not − (d) or 2
5 5 4 4 3
34. If sinA = and A is in first quadrant, then
5π 5
23. If A + B = , then value of (1 + tan A)(1 + tan B)
4 the values of sin2A, cos2A and tan2A are
equals
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) –2 (d) –1 (a) 24/25, 7/25, 24/7 (b) 1/25, 7/25, 1/7
24. The value of 3 tan 6 10° – 27 tan 4 10° (c) 24/25, 1/25, 24/7 (d) 1/25, 24/25, 1/24
+ 33 tan210° equals 35. Find the value of
(a) 0 (b) –1 sin(40° + q) cos(10° + q) – cos(40° + q) sin(10° + q).
(c) 1 (d) None of these (a) 1/2 (b) 1/4 (c) 1 (d) 0

25. The value of 3(sinx – cosx)4 + 6(sinx + cosx)2 36. If tanA + cotA = 4, then tan4A + cot4A is
+ 4(sin6x + cos6x) = equal to
(a) 110 (b) 191 (c) 80 (d) 194
(a) 11 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 14
26. Express 50° 37′ 30′′ in radian. 37. I f s i n A – 6 c o s A = 7 cosA, then
cosA + 6 sinA is equal to
(a) 7p/32 (b) 5p/32 (c) 9p/32 (d) p/32
(a) 6 sin A (b) 7 sin A
27. Find the degree measure corresponding to
π (c) 6 cos A (d) 7 cos A
rad.
32 38. Find the value of sin20° sin40° sin80°.
(a) 5°37′30′′ (b) 5°30′20′′ 3 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3
(c) 4°30′30′′ (d) 4°20′20′′ 8 2 4
 π 2π π
39. The value of 4sina sin  α +  sin  α +  = 40. If a and b lie between 0 and , find tan 2a,
 3   3  4
4 5
given that cos(a + b) = and sin(a – b) = .
(a) sin3a (b) sin2a 5 13
(a) 50/33 (b) 56/33 (c) 52/33 (d) 48/33
(c) sina (d) sin2a

Case I : Read the following passage and answer 46. What will be the value of cos x?
the questions from 41 to 45. 4 −3 −4 3
Nitish is playing with Pinwheel toy which (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5
he bought from a village fair. He noticed
that the pinwheel toy revolves as fast as 47. What will be the value of siny ?
he blows it.
5 −12 −5 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12 13 13 13
48. Which of the following options is correct?
(a) sin (x – y) = sinx cosy + cosx siny
(b) sin (x + y) = cosx siny – sinx cosy
(c) sin (x + y) = sinx cosy + cosx siny
(d) sin (x – y) = sinx siny – cosx cosy
Consider the Pinwheel toy makes 360 revolutions
per minute. 49. The value of sin(x + y) equals
41. The number of revolutions made by Pinwheel −56 56 55 −55
toy in 120 seconds is (a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) 720 (b) 120 (c) 240 (d) 360 65 65 67 67
42. The number of revolutions made by Pinwheel 50. Find the value of sin 75°.
toy in 1 sec is
(a) 7 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) 8 1− 3 1+ 3 1− 3 1+ 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
43. Angle made by Pinwheel toy (in degree) in 2 2 2 2 2 2
6 revolutions is
(a) 2630° (b) 2160° (c) 2360° (d) 2610° Case III : Read the
44. The value of 1° in radians is equal to following passage
π π π π and answer the
(a) (b) (c) (d) questions from 51
170 120 180 60
to 55.
45. Angle made by Pinwheel toy (in radians) in
6 revolutions is Arvind and Murli
(a) 12p (b) 14p (c) 16p (d) 10p came to Delhi from
Case II : Read the following passage and answer Mumbai for an
the questions from 46 to 50. official work. They
Sudhir who is a student of class XI got a Maths decided to explore
assignment from his class teacher. one of the tallest
He did all the questions except minaret of world
3 i.e., Qutab Minar.
a few. If the value of sin x =
12 5 The angle of elevation of Arvind’s eyes from a
and cos y = – , where x and
13 point A to the top of Minaret is 75°. Another
y both lie in second quadrant point B which is 400 metres far from the Qutab
then help Sudhir in solving Minar. Given that height of the Minaret is
these questions. 73 metres.
 C 53. How long a wire is needed to tied between
the top of Minaret and the point A?  

73 146 2
(a) metres (b) metres
3 +1 ( 3 + 1)

75° 73 2
A B (c) metres (d) 73 (2 − 3 ) metres
O ( 3 + 1)
400 m
54. What is the distance between point A to B?
51 The angle of elevation (in degrees) from
point B to the top of the Minaret is 173 73 2
(a) metres (b) metres
 400   400  ( 3 + 1) ( 3 + 1)
(a) ∠B = tan  −1
(b) ∠B = sin −1 
 73   73 
146
(c) 400 − metres
 400  ( 3 + 1) 2

(c) ∠C = cos −1  (d) ∠B = tan −1  73 

 73   400 
800 + 73( 3 − 1)2
52. What is the distance of a point A from the (d) metres
2
foot of Minaret?
55. What is the value of angle C?
146 73
(a) metres (b) metres
( 3 + 1)2
( 3 + 1)2  73   73 
(a) 105° − tan −1   (b) 180° − tan −1 
 400   400 
73 73( 3 − 1)2
(c) metres (d) metres  73 
( 2 + 1)2 2 (c) 105° + tan −1  (d) None of these
 400 

Assertion & Reasoning Based MCQs

Directions (Q.-56 to 60) : In these questions, a statement of Assertion is followed by a statement of Reason is given. Choose
the correct answer out of the following choices :
(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct statements and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Assertion and Reason both are correct statements but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but Reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but Reason is correct statement.
56. Let secq + tanq = m, where 0 < m < 1. 58. Assertion : The value of sin(–690°)
cos(–300°) + cos(–750°)sin(–240°) = 1
m2 + 1 m2 − 1
Assertion : secq = and sinq = 2 Reason : The values of sin and cos is negative
2m m +1
in third and fourth quadrant respectively.
Reason : q lies in the third quadrant.
59. If A + B + C = 180°, then
57. Let a be a real number lying between 0 and A B C
π Assertion : cos2 + cos2 – cos2
and n be a positive integer. 2 2 2
2
A B C
= 2cos cos sin
Assertion : tana + 2tan2a + 2 tan2 a + … +
2 2
2 2 2
2n–1 tan2n–1 a + 2n cot 2n a = cota.
C − D
Reason : cota – tana = 2cot2a. Reason : cos C + cosD = 2cos  C + D  cos 
 2   2 
 π 2π Reason : sinq is positive in the first and second
60. Assertion : The value of q = or ,
3 3
3 quadrant.
when q lies between (0, 2p) and sin2q = .
4

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSA)

1. Find the radian measure of 625°. 7. Convert 4 radians into degree measure.
5π 13π
2. Find the degree measure of radians. 8. Write radians in the degrees.
12 4
3. Express –47° 30′ in radian measure.
 31π 
π 9. Find the value of tan   .
4. Find the value of cos 240° + sin .  3
3
5. Find the value of cos (–1710°).
 11π 
31π 10. Find the value of sin  − .
6. What is the value of sin ? 3 
3

Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)

11. If the angles of a triangle are in the ratio
16. Write the value of 2 + 2 + 2 cosθ in the
3 : 4 : 5, then find the smallest angle in degree
simplest form.
and the greatest angle in radians.
12. If the arcs of the same lengths in two circles 17. Express the following as a sum or difference :
subtend angles 65° and 110° at the centre, find 5θ 7θ
2 sin cos
the ratio of their radii. 2 2
13. If 5 sin x = 3, x lies in 1st quadrant, then 18. Find the value of cos 55° + cos 125° + cos 300°.
sec x − tan x
find the value of . 19. Find the value of sin(n + 1) x ⋅ sin (n + 2) x
sec x + tan x + cos (n + 1) x ⋅ cos (n + 2)x. 
3 π
14. If sin x = , < x < π , then find the value of π 
tan  + x 
5 2 4   1 + tan x 
2

cos x, tan x, sec x and cot x. 20. Show that : = 

π   1 − tan x 
tan  − x 
15. Prove that cos2(45° + x) – sin2(45° – x) is 4 
independent of x.

Short Answer Type Questions (SA-II)

21. Find the distance from the eye at which a to conceal the full moon whose angular diameter
coin of diameter 2 cm should be held so as just is 31′.
22. A horse is tied to a post by a rope. If the horse 30. Prove that :
moves along a circular path always keeping the x− y
(cos x − cos y)2 + (sin x − sin y)2 = 4 sin 2 .
rope tight and describes 88 metres when it has 2
traced out 72° at the centre, find the length of 31. Prove that :
the rope.
1  π  π 3
23. Prove that cos 20° cos 40° cos 80° = . cos2 x + cos2  x +  + cos2  x −  =
8  3  3 2
24. Prove that 16 sin5q – 20 sin3q + 5 sin q = sin 5q 32. Prove that :
25. Prove that : sin A − sin 3 A + sin 5 A − sin 7 A
= cot 2 A
π 3π 5π 7π 3 cos A − cos 3 A − cos 5 A + cos 7 A
cos4 + cos4 + cos4 + cos4 = .
8 8 8 8 2
π 9π 3π 5π
π π 2π 5π 33. Prove that : 2 cos cos + cos + cos =0
26. Find the value of sin + sin + sin + sin . 13 13 13 13
18 9 9 18
1 + sin x − cos x x 34. Prove that :
27. Prove that : = tan .
(sin 3x + sin x) sin x + (cos 3x –cos x) cos x = 0
1 + sin x + cos x 2
x m 3 3π
28. Find the value of m sin x + n cos x, if tan = .
35. If tan x = ,π < x < , find the value of
2 n 4 2
29. Prove that :
x x x
4 tan x(1 − tan 2 x) sin , cos , tan .
tan 4 x = . 2 2 2
1 − 6 tan 2 x + tan 4 x

Long Answer Type Questions (LA)

36. If A, B, C, D be the angles of a cyclic 38. Prove that : sin x + sin y + sin z – sin (x + y + z)
quadrilateral, taken in order, prove that x+ y y+ z x+z
= 4 sin sin sin
(i) cos A + cos B + cos C + cos D = 0 2 2 2
(ii) cos(180° + A) + cos(180° + B)   2π   4π 
 + cos(180° + C) – sin(90° + D) = 0. 39. If x cosθ = y cos θ +  = z cos θ + 
 3 3 
37. Prove that : prove that xy + yz + zx = 0.
 2π   4π  3 π 2π 4π 8π
sin 3 x + sin 3  + x  + sin 3  + x  = − sin 3 x 40. Find the value of cos cos cos cos
 3   3  4 5 5 5 5

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS \ From (i), the angles are (60 – d)°, 60°, (60 + d)°
Now, the least angle = (60 – d)°
1. (a) : Radius of the wheel = 35 cm
\ Circumference of the wheel = 2p × 35 cm = 220 cm. and the greatest angle = (60 + d)°
Hence, the linear distance travelled by a point of the rim π
= (60 + d) × radian  (Q 180° = p radian)
in one revolution = 220 cm. 180
Number of revolutions made by the wheel in 3 minutes By the given condition, we have
= 20 × 3 × 60 = 3600.
60 − d 60 180(60 − d )
\ The linear distance travelled by a point of the rim = ⇒ = 60
π π (60 + d )
in 3 minutes = 220 × 3600 = 792000 cm = 7.92 km. (60 + d )
180
2. (a) : Let the angles of the triangle be
⇒ 180 – 3d = 60 + d ⇒ 4d = 120  ⇒  d = 30
(a – d)°, a°, (a + d)°, where d > 0 …(i)
\ From (i), the angles are (60 – 30)°, 60°, (60 + 30)° i.e.,
then (a – d) + a + (a + d) = 180  ⇒  a = 60
30°, 60°, 90°.
3. (a) : The large hand of the clock makes a complete
1 1 sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ
revolution in 60 minutes. 9. (b) : sec2 θ + cosec2 θ = + =
cos 2 θ sin 2 θ sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
\ Angle traced out by the large hand in 20 minutes (of
1
360° × 20 120 π 2π = = cosec2 θ sec2 θ
time) = = 120° = radian = radian sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
60 180 3
Hence, the distance moved by the extremity of the large tan 2 60° cosec 30°
10. (c) : x sin 45° cos260° =
2π sec 45° cot 2 30°
hand = (42) × = 88 cm. (Q l = rq) 1 1 3⋅2
3 ⇒ x ⋅ ⋅ = ⇒ x = 8.
60 π π 2 4 2 ⋅3
4. (c) : Here l = 37.4 cm and q = 60° = radian = 3
180 3 11. (c) : Given, tanq = and q lies in III quadrant.
l 1
Hence, by r = , we have
θ sec2q = 1 + tan2q = 10 ⇒ secq = ± 10
37.4 × 3 37.4 × 3 × 7
r= = = 35.7 cm Since, q lies in III quadrant, so secq = – 10
π 22
5. (a) : Given, length of pendulum = 75 cm 1 1
⇒ cosq = =
Radius (r) = length of pendulum = 75 cm secθ − 10
Length of arc (l) = 21 cm 9 9
Now, sin2q = 1 – cos2q = ⇒ sinq = ±
10 10
l 21 7
Now, θ = = = radian 9 −3
r 75 25 Since, q lies in III quadrant so sinq = – =
6. (c) : We know that the sum of three angles of a 10 10
12. (b) : The given equation is
triangle is 180°, i.e., p radian
cosec(90° + q) + xcosq cot(90° + q) = sin(90° + q)
 1 1 ⇒ secq + xcosq (–tanq) = cosq
\ The third angle =  π − −  radian
 2 3
⇒ secq – x sinq = cosq
c
 22 1 1   97 180  °  (Q pc = 180°) 1
 − −  = ×  ⇒ xsinq = secq – cosq = – cosq
 7 2 3  42 π  cosθ
97 × 30  ° 1455 1 − cos 2 θ sin 2 θ
=  = degree ⇒ xsinq = = ⇒ x = tanq.
 22  11 cos θ cos θ
 3 °  3 × 60  ′ 13. (b) : Given, cota = 1 ⇒ tana = 2 and secb =
−5
=  132  = 132° +   (Q 1° = 60′)
 11   11  2 3
4 ′  4  ′′
= 132° +  16  = 132° + 16′ +  × 60  (Q 1′ = 60″) Then, tanb = sec2 β − 1 ⇒ tanb = ±
4
 11 11 3
= 132° 16′ 22′′. −4
But, tanb = (Q tanb is –ve in II quadrant)
7. (a) : We know that p radian = 180°. 3
 4
180 1080 × 7 2 + − 
Hence, 6 radians = × 6 degree = degree tan α + tan β  3 2
π 22 \ tan(a + b) = = =
1 − tan α ⋅ tan β  −4  11
7 7 × 60 1 − (2)  
= 343 degree = 343° + minute [as 1° = 60′]  3 
11 11
14. (c) : We have, 2cos45° sin15°
2
= 343° + 38′ + × 60 seconds [as 1′ = 60′′] = sin(45° + 15°) – sin(45° – 15°)
11
= 343° + 38′ + 10.9′′ = 343°38′ 11′′ approximately. = sin60° – sin30° = 3 −1
Hence, 6 radians = 343°38′ 11′′ approximately. 2
15. (d) : We have,
8. (d) : xsin3q + ycos3q = sinq cosq ...(i)
2sin15° cos75° = sin(15° + 75°) + sin(15° – 75°)
sin θ
x sinq = ycosq ⇒ y = x ...(ii) 2− 3
cos θ = sin90° – sin60° =
sin θ 2
Putting in (i), x sin3q + x · cos3q = sinq cosq  π  2π 
cos θ 16. (a) : We have, 4sina sin  α +  sin  α + 
 3   3 
⇒ xsin3q + xsinq cos2q = sinq cosq ⇒ x = cosq
Putting the value of x in (ii), we get y = sinq   2π   π 
= 2sina 2 sin  α +  sin  α +  
  3 3 
⇒ x2 + y2 = sin2q + cos2q = 1
= 2sina[2sin(a + 120°)sin(a + 60°)] 4
22. (b) : Since tanq = − is negative, q lies either in
= 2sina[cos(a + 120° – a – 60°) – 3
4
cos(a + 120° + a + 60°)] second quadrant or in fourth quadrant. Thus sinq =
4 5
= 2sina[cos60° – cos(180° + 2a)]
if q lies in the second quadrant or sinq = − 5 , if q lies in
1
= 2sina⋅ – 2sina(– cos2a) the fourth quadrant.
2
= sina + 2cos2asina = sina + sin(2a + a) – sin(2a – a) 5π  π π
23. (b) : tan (A + B) = tan = tan  π +  = tan
4  4 4
= sina + sin3a – sina = sin3a
\ tan A + tan B = 1 – tan A tan B
17. (d) : sinq = 3sin(q + 2a)
⇒ tan A + tan B + tan A tan B = 1
⇒ sin(q + a – a) = 3sin (q + a + a)
⇒ (1 + tan A) + tan B (1 + tan A) = 1 + 1
⇒ sin(q + a) cosa – cos(q + a)sina
= 3sin(q + a)cosa + 3cos(q + a) sina (By adding 1 on both sides)
⇒ –2sin(q + a) cosa = 4 cos(q + a)sina ⇒ (1 + tan A) (1 + tan B) = 2
− sin( θ + α ) 2 sin α 3 tan A − tan 3 A
⇒ = ⇒ tan(q + a) + 2tana = 0 24. (c) : tan 3A = ...(i)
cos( θ + α ) cos α 1 − 3 tan 2 A
18. (b) : Given radius, r = 100 cm and arc length, l = 22 cm Putting A = 10° in (i), we get
We know that, l = rq \ 1 (1 – 3 tan2 10°) = tan 10°(3 – tan210°)...(ii)
l Arc length 22 3
⇒ θ = = = = 0.22 radian Squaring (ii) both sides, we get
r Radius 100
(1 – 3 tan210°)2 = 3 tan210° (3 – tan210°)2
180
= 0.22 × degree = 0.22 × 180 × 7 ⇒ 3 tan210° (9 + tan410° – 6tan210° )
π 22
° = 1 + 9 tan410° – 6tan210°
126°  6  6
= =  12  = 12° + × 60′ [Q 1° = 60′] ⇒ 3 tan610° – 27 tan410° + 33 tan210° = 1
10  10  10
= 12° + 36′ = 12° 36′ 25. (c) : 3 (sin x – cos x)4 + 6 (sin x + cos x)2 +
 4 (sin6 x + cos6 x)
π
19. (b) : Required radian measure = × Degree = 3 (1 – sin 2x)2 + 6 (1 + sin 2x) + 4[(sin2 x + cos2 x)3
180
measure –3 sin2 x cos2 x (sin2 x + cos2 x)]
π 26 π = 3 (1 – 2 sin 2x + sin2 2x) + 6 + 6 sin 2x
= × 520 =
180 9
 3 
sin A  + 4 1 − sin 2 2 x 
20. (b) : Given, = m ⇒ sinA = m sinB ...(i)  4 
sin B
cos A = 13 + 3 sin2 2x –3 sin2 2x = 13.
and = n ⇒ cosA = ncosB...(ii)
cos B
Squaring (i) and (ii) and then adding, we get  30  ′  1  ′
26. (c) : Here, 30′′ =   =  
 60   2 
1 = m2 sin2 B + n2 cos2 B
1 sin 2 B  1  ′  75  ′  75  °  5  °
⇒ = m2 + n2  (Dividing by cos2B) Now, 37′ 30′′ = 37′ +   =   =   =  
2  2  2 × 60  8
cos 2 B cos 2 B
⇒ sec2B = m2 tan2 B + n2 5 ° 405  °
\ 50°37′30′′ = 50° +   = 
8  8 
1 − n2
⇒ 1 + tan2 B = m2 tan2 B + n2 ⇒ tan2B = 9π
m2 − 1 Hence,  405  ° = 405 × π rad = rad
2  8  8 180 32
1−n
⇒ tanB = ± .
m2 − 1 180
27. (a) : Required degree measure = × Radian
21. (a) : Let x = 5 sinq – 3cosq, then π
measure
x2 = (5sinq – 3cosq)2 = 25sin2q + 9cos2q – 30sinq cosq
180 π  45  °  5  ° 5 ′
= 25(1 – cos2q) + 9(1 – sin2q) – 30sinq cosq = × =   =  5  = 5° +  × 60 
     
π 32 8 8 8
= 25 + 9 – (25 cos2q + 9 sin2q + 30sinq cosq)
= 34 – (3sinq + 5cosq)2 = 34 – 42 = 18  75  ′ 1  ′′
= 5° +   = 5° + 37 ′ +  × 60  = 5° 37′ 30′′
⇒ x = ± 18 = ± 3 2 . 2 2 
 180 π  °  180  ° 1 1
c
π
28. (a) : (i)   =  ×  = = 20° = cos90° + cos45° = 0 + =
9  π 9  9  2 2
c 3
 π  180  π   ° 34. (a) : We have, sinA =
(ii)  −  =  ×  −  = –60°. 5
 3  π  3  
9 16 4
−3 3π ⇒ cosA = 1 − sin 2 A = 1− = =
29. (a) : Given, cosq = and p < q < , therefore 25 25 5
5 2 sin A 3 / 5 3
q lies in third quadrant. Therefore, in third quadrant and tanA = cos A = 4 / 5 = 4
sinq < 0, cosq < 0 and tanq > 0.
3 4 24
16 Now, sin2A = 2sinA⋅cosA = 2 × × =
We have, sin2q = 1 – cos2 q = 5 5 25
25
4 4 7 24
⇒ sinq = ± but sinq < 0. \ sinq = – ; cos2A = 1 – 2sin2A = and tan2A =
5 5 25 7
1 −5 1 −5
secq = = , cosecq = = 35. (a) : We have,
cos θ 3 sin θ 4
sin(40° + q)⋅cos(10° + q) – cos(40° + q)⋅sin(10° + q)
sin θ 4 1 3
tanq = = and cotq = = 1
cos θ 3 tan θ 4 = sin{(40° + q) – (10° + q)} = sin30° =
5 3 2
cosecθ + cot θ − 4 + 4 − 2 4 1 36. (d) : tan A + cot A = 4  ...(i)
Now, = = =
sec θ − tan θ − 5 − 4 − 9 3 6 Squaring (i) both sides, we get
3 3
2 tan2A + cot2A = 14 ...(ii)
3 25
30. (d) : Since, sec2x = 1 + tan2 x = 1 +   = Squaring (ii) both sides, we get
4 16
5 tan4A + cot4A = 194.
On taking square root, we get sec x = ±
4 37. (b) : sinA – 6 cos A = 7 cos A
5
But x lies in third quadrant, so sec x = –
4 ⇒ sin A = ( )
7 + 6 cos A
4  π
31. (c) : We have, cos x = , x ∈ 0 , 
5  2 ⇒ 7 sin A − 6 sin A = (7 − 6)cos A
x x 9
cos x = 2 cos 2 − 1 ⇒ 2 cos 2 = ⇒ 7 sin A = cos A + 6 sin A
2 2 5
x 9 x 3 38. (a) : We have, sin20° sin40° sin80°
⇒ cos 2 = ⇒ cos = ±
2 10 2 10
= 1 [2sin20°⋅sin40°]sin80°
x  x π 2
cos is positive in I quadrant  0 < < 
2  2 4
x 3 1
∴ cos = = [cos(20° – 40°) – cos(20° + 40°)]⋅sin80°
2 10 2
3 1 1
− = [cos(–20°) – cos60°] sin80°
32. (d) : 3 cosec 20° – sec 20° = 2
sin 20° cos 20°
 
 3 1  = 1 × 1 2  cos 20° − 1  ⋅ sin 80°
3 cos 20° − sin 20°  2 cos 20° − 2 sin 20°  2 2  2  
= = 4
sin 20° cos 20°  2 sin 20° cos 20°  1
= [2cos20°×sin80° – sin80°]
4
 sin 60° cos 20° − cos 60° sin 20°  1
= 4  = [sin(20° + 80°) – sin(20° – 80°) – sin80°]
 sin 40° 4
 sin( 60° − 20°)  1
= 4  = 4 = [sin100° + sin60° – sin80°]
 sin 40° 4
 1°   1°  1
33. (c) : We have, 2cos  22  ⋅cos  67  = [sin(180° – 80°) + sin60° – sin80°]
 2  2 4
1 3 3
 1 1 °  1 1 °
= cos  22 + 67  + cos  22 − 67  = 1 [sin80° + sin60° – sin80°] = × =
 2 4 4 2 8
2 2 2
  π  2π  45. (a) : Angle made by Pinwheel toy in 6 revolutions
39. (a) : We have, 4sina sin  α +  sin  α +  π
 3  3  = 2160 × radians = 12 p radians.
180

 
= 2sina 2 sin  α + 2 π  sin  α + π   9 16
46. (c) : Q cos2 x = 1 – sin2x = 1 – =
  3   3   25 25
4
= 2sina[2sin(a + 120°)sin(a + 60°)] Thus cos x = ±
5
= 2sina[cos(a + 120° – a – 60°) – Since x lies in second quadrant
cos(a + 120° + a + 60°)] \ cos x is negative
= 2sina[cos60° – cos(180° + 2a)]
4
1 \ cos x = –
= 2sina⋅ – 2sina(– cos2a) 5
2
47. (d) : sin2y = 1 – cos2y
= sina + 2cos2asina = sina + sin(2a + a) –
144 25 5
sin(2a – a) =1– = =±
169 169 13
= sina + sin3a – sina = sin3a Since y lies in second quadrant
π \ siny is positive
40. (b) : Since a and b lies between 0 and and
4 5
sin(a – b) > 0, therefore, both a + b and a – b are positive \ siny =
13
acute angles.
48. (c) : sin(x + y) = sinx cos y + cos x siny
Now, sin(a – b) = 5
13  3   12   4   5 
49. (a) : sin( x + y ) =   ×  −  +  −  ×  
2  5   13   5   13 
5 12
⇒ cos(a – b) = 1 − sin2 (α − β) = 1 −   =
 13  13 36 20 56
=− − =−
4 65 65 65
and cos(a + b) =
5 50. (b) : sin 75° = sin (30° + 45°)
2
4 3 = sin 30° cos 45° + cos30° sin 45°
⇒ sin(a + b) = 1 − cos2 (α + β) = 1 −   = .
5 5 1 1 3 1 1+ 3
= ⋅ + ⋅ =
sin(α + β) 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
Hence, tan(a + b) = =
cos(α + β) 4 51. (d) : Let O be the foot of Minaret. In DCOB,
sin(α − β) 5 73
and tan(a – b) = = .
cos(α − β) 12 tan B =
400
Now, tan(2a) = tan{(a + b) + (a – b)}  73 
\ ∠B = tan–1 
3 5  400 
+
= tan(α + β) + tan(α − β) = 4 12 = 56 . 52. (d) : Distance of point A from the foot of minaret
1 − tan(α + β)tan(α − β) 3 5 33
1− × is OA.
4 12
OC
41. (a) : Since the number of revolutions made by In DCOA, = tan 75°
Pinwheel toy in 1 minute = 360 OA
and 1 min = 60 seconds 73 73
⇒ OA = =
So, the number of revolutions made by Pinwheel toy in tan( 45° + 30°) ( 3 + 1)
60 seconds = 360 ( 3 − 1)
\ Number of revolutions made by Pinwheel toy in  tan 45°+ tan 30° 3 +1
120 seconds = 720 Q (tan( 45° + 30°) = = 
 1 − tan 45° tan 30° 3 −1
42. (c) : The number of revolutions made by Pinwheel 
360 73( 3 − 1) ( 3 − 1) 73( 3 − 1)2
toy in 1 seconds = =6 = × = metres
60 ( 3 + 1) ( 3 − 1) 2
43. (b) : Since, angle made made by Pinwheel toy in
53 (b) : Wire needed to tied between the top of minaret
1 revolution = 360°. Thus, angle made by Pinwheel toy
in 6 revolutions = 360° × 6 = 2160° and point A is equal to the length AC.

π OC
44. (c) : 1° = radians In DACO, = sin 75°
180 AC
 73 73 1
⇒ AC = = cos(–300°) = cos300° = cos(360° – 60°) = cos60° =
sin 75° sin( 45° + 30°) 2
3 +1 3
cos(–750°) = cos750° = cos(2 × 360° + 30°) = cos30° =
( sin(45° + 30°) = sin45° cos30° + cos45° sin 30° = ) 2
2 2 sin(–240°) = – sin240° = – sin(180° + 60°)
73( 2 2 ) 146 2
= = metres 3
( 3 + 1) ( 3 + 1) = – (– sin60°) = sin60° =
2
54. (d) : Since, distance between points A and B is \ sin(–690°) cos(–300°) + cos(–750°) sin(–240°)
AO + OB.
11  3  3  1 3
=    +  = + = 1.
73( 3 − 1) 2  2   2   2   2  4 4
Here, OA = metres and OB = 400 metres
2 A B C
59. (a) : L.H.S. = cos2 + cos2 – cos2
2 2 2
73( 3 − 1)2 800 + 73( 3 − 1)2
\ AB = + 400 = metres 1 + cos A 1 + cos B 1 + cos C
2 2 = + −
2 2 2
 −1  73   1 + (cos A + cos B − cos C )
55. (a) : In D ABC, lC = 180° –  75° + tan   =  ...(i)
400   2
 73  Now cosA + cosB – cosC
= 180° – (75° + tan–1 
 400 
A+B  A − B  C
= 2cos cos 
  – cos  2 ⋅ 
 73  2 2 2
= 180° – 75° – tan–1  
400  C
= 2sin cos  A − B  −  1 − 2 sin 2 C 
2  2   2
 73 
= 105° – tan–1 
 400    A + B  C C 
Q cos   = cos  90° −  = sin   
56. (c) : Given secq + tanq = m, 0 < m < 1 …(i) 2  2 2 
Also, sec2q – tan2q = 1  ...(ii) C  A − B  C 
= 2sin  cos   + sin    –1
2 2  2 
Dividing (ii) by (i), we get secq – tanq = 1 ...(iii)
m = – 1 + 2sin C cos  A − B  + cos  A + B  
1 2  2   2 
Note that > 1 (Q 0 < m < 1)
m C  A  B
m2 + 1 = – 1 + 4sin   cos   cos    ...(ii)
Adding (i) and (iii), we get secq = > 0. 2 2 2
2m
m2 − 1 From (i) and (ii), we get
and subtracting (iii) from (i), we get tanq = <0 L.H.S. of the given identity
2m
As secq > 0 and tanq < 0,
  A  B C 
\ q lies in the fourth quadrant. 1 +  −1 + 4 cos   cos   sin   
 2 2  2 
=
tan θ m2 − 1 2
Also, sinq = tanq cosq = = .
sec θ m2 + 1  A C 
 B
1 1 − tan 2 α = 2cos   cos   sin   = R.H.S.
57. (a) : Now, cota – tana = – tana = 2 2 2
tan α tan α
 1 − tan 2 α  3 3 3
=2 = 2cot 2a 60. (d) : Given sin2q = ⇒ sinq = or – .
 2 tan α  4 2 2
From here, we get tana = cota – 2cot 2a
3
Making repeated use of this identity, we shall obtain Case I : When sinq = , then q lies either in the first
2
tana + 2tan2a + 22tan22a + … + 2n–1tan2n–1 a + 2n cot 2n a quadrant or second quadrant.
= (cota – 2cot2a) + 2(cot2a – 2cot2 2a) + 2 2(cot2 2a – 3 = sin π
Now, sinq =
2cot23a) + … + 2n–1(cot 2n–1a – 2cot2n a) + 2n cot 2n a 2 3
= cota
π
58. (c) : sin(–690°) = – sin690° = – sin(2 × 360° – 30°) ⇒ sinq = sin π or sin  π − 
3  3
1
= – (– sin30°) = π π
2 ⇒ q = or p – , i.e., q = π or 2 π .
3 3 3 3
 3 11. Let the three angles be 3x, 4x and 5x degrees, then
Case II : When sinq = – , then q lies either in the third 3x + 4x + 5x = 180° ⇒ 12x = 180° ⇒ x = 15°
or fourth quadrant. 2
\ Smallest angle 3x = 45° and greatest angle = 5x = 75°
3 = – sin π π 5π
Now, sinq = – = 75 × radians = radians
2 3 180 12
π
= sin  π +  or sin  2 π − 
 π   12. Let radii of circles be r1 and r2.
 3  3 c
 65 π 
4π Given θ1 = 65° ⇒ θ1 = 
⇒ q = p +
π π
or 2p –   ⇒  q = or
5π
.  180 
3 3 3 3 c
3  110 π 
and θ2 = 110° ⇒ θ2 = 
Hence, sin2q = , 0 < q < 2p  180 
4
π 2 π 4 π 5π Also length of arcs are same
⇒ q = , , , .
3 3 3 3 \ q 1r 1 = q 2r 2
65π 110 π r 110 22
⇒ r1 = r2   ⇒  1 = =
SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS 180 180 r2 65 13
c ⇒ r1 : r2 = 22 : 13
 π 
1. 625° =  625 ×  = 10.91 radian
 180  3
 π  13. We have, 5 sin x = 3 ⇒ sin x =
 Q 1° = radian  5
180 
Since, sin2 x + cos2 x = 1
5π 5π 180 9 16
2. radians = × degrees = 75° ⇒ cos2 x = 1 – sin2 x = 1 − = .
12 12 π 25 25
4
 30  °  1  °  95  ° ⇒ cos x =
–47° 30′ = −  47  = −  47  = −   .
3.  5
60 2 2
5 3 5 3
 π 
c
 95 °  π 95 
c
 19 π 
c \ sec x = and tan x =  ×  =
Now, 1° =  ⇒ −  = − ×  = − . 4 5 4 4

 180  2  180 2   72  
5 3
sec x − tan x 4 − 4 2 4 1
π  π π Hence, = = × =
cos 240° + sin
4.  = cos  π +  + sin sec x + tan x 5 + 3 4 8 4
3  3 3
4 4
π π 1 3 3 −1
= − cos + sin = − + = 3 π
3 3 2 2 2 14. sin x = and < x < π
5 2
 19π  ⇒ x belongs to second quadrant.
5. cos(–1710°) = cos 1710° = cos  =0
 2  9 16
Since, sin2 x + cos2 x = 1  ⇒  cos2 x = 1 − =
31π  π π 3 25 25
6. sin = sin  10π +  = sin = 4 3 5 4
3  3 3 2 ⇒ cos x = − , tan x = − , sec x = − , cot x = −
5 4 4 3
180  °  4 × 180 × 7  °
7. 4 radians =  4 ×  =   15. cos2(45° + x) – sin2(45° – x)
 π  22 = cos[(45° + x) + (45° – x)]cos[(45° + x) – (45° – x)]
1 1 × 60 [Q cos2A – sin2B = cos(A + B) cos(A – B)]
= 229 degree = 229° + minute
11 11 = cos 90° cos 2x = (0) cos 2x = 0
5 which does not contain x and hence is independent of x.
= 229° + 5′ + minute = 229° + 5′ + 27.2′′
11
16. 2 + 2 + 2 cos θ = 2 + 2(1 + cos θ)
Hence, 4 radians = 229°5′27′′ approx.
13 π  13 π 180  ° θ θ
8. radians =  = 2 + 2 ⋅ 2 cos 2 = 2 + 2 cos
 4
×  = 585° 2 2
4 π 
 31π   π π  θ θ θ
9. tan 
 3 
= tan  10 π +  = tan   = 3 .
 = 2  1 + cos  = 2 ⋅ 2 cos 2 = 2 cos .
3 3  2 4 4
 11π   11π   π 5θ 7θ  5θ 7 θ   5θ 7 θ 
10. sin  − = − sin  = − sin  4 π − 
 3   3   3 17. 2 sin cos = sin  +  + sin  − 
   2
2 2 2 2 2 
π 3  [\ 2 sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A – B)]
= sin = .
3 2 = sin 6q + sin(–q) = sin 6q – sin q [\ sin(–q) = –sin q]
18. cos 55° + cos 125° + cos 300°  2π 
= 2 cos 90° cos 35° + cos (360° – 60°) =   radian
 5 
1
= 0 + cos 60° = arc 2 π 88
2 θ= ⇒ =
radius 5 r
19. sin(n + 1)x ⋅ sin (n + 2)x + cos (n + 1) x ⋅ cos (n + 2)x
5
= cos [(n + 2)x – (n + 1)x] = cos x ⇒ r = 88 × = 70 m
[Applying cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B] 2π

π  23. L.H.S. = cos 20° cos 40° cos 80°

tan  + x 
4  = cos 20° cos(60° – 20°) cos(60° + 20°)
20. L.H.S. =
π  = cos 20° (cos 60° cos 20° + sin 60° sin 20°)
tan  − x 
4   (cos 60° cos 20°– sin 60° sin 20°)
 π   π   cos 20° 3 sin 20°   cos 20° 3 
tan + tan x tan − tan x = cos 20°  +   − sin 20°
 4   4   2 2 2 2 
=  ÷ 
π π
 1 − tan tan x   1 + tan tan x   cos 2 20° 3 
 4   4  = cos 20°  − sin 2 20° 
 4 4 
 1 + tan x   1 − tan x 
= ÷
 1 − tan x   1 + tan x   cos 2 20° 3 
= cos 20°  − (1 − cos 2 20°) 
2  4 4 
 1 + tan x   1 + tan x   1 + tan x 
= × = = R.H.S.
 1 − tan x   1 − tan x   1 − tan x   cos 2 20° 3 cos 2 20° 3 
= cos 20°  + − 
21. Let AB be the diameter of the moon and O , the  4 4 4
eye of the observer so that ∠AOB = 31 ′ . Let CD be  3
= cos 20°  cos 2 20° − 
the diameter of the coin. The full moon will be just  4
concealed if the diameter of a coin also subtends the
4 cos 3 20° − 3 cos 20° cos 60° 1 1
same angle as the diameter of the moon at O, i.e., if = = = = = R.H.S.
4 4 2⋅4 8
∠COD = 31′ . As ∠COD is small, CD may be treated
as the arc of a circle whose centre is O and radius L.H.S. = 16 sin5 q – 20 sin3 q + 5 sin q
24. 
= OC or OD , the distance of coin from O . Let = 16 sin5 q – 16 sin3 q – 4 sin3 q + 5 sin q + 3 sin q – 3 sin q
OC = OD = r = 16 sin3 q[sin2 q – 1] + sin 3q + 2 sin q
A
= –16 sin3 q cos2 q + sin 3q + 2 sin q
C
O 31′ = –(2 sin q cos q)2 ⋅ 4 sin q + sin 3q + 2 sin q
D = –4 sin2 2q sin q + sin 3q + 2 sin q
B = 2 sin q[1 – 2 sin2 2q] + sin 3q
Here l = length of arc CD = 2 cm (nearly) = 2 sin q cos 4q + sin 3q
31 π = sin 5q + sin(–3q) + sin 3q = sin 5q = R.H.S.
q = 31′ = × radians
60 180
l π 3π 5π 7π
Now, using r = , we get  [Q  l = rq] 25. L.H.S. = cos 4 + cos 4 + cos 4 + cos 4
θ 8 8 8 8
2 × 60 × 180 21600 × 7  22  π  3π   3π  4 π
r= =  Q π = 7  = cos 4   + cos 4   + cos 4  π −  + cos  π − 
31 × π 31 × 22 8  8   8  8
75600 756 4 π 4  3π  4  3π  4 π
= cm = m = 2.22 m (nearly) = cos   + cos   + cos   + cos  
341 341 8 8 8 8
 π  3π  
22. Let the post be at point P and let PA be the length = 2  cos 4   + cos 4   
 8  8 
of the rope in tight position. Suppose
B
the horse moves along the arc AB so  π
2

2
3π  
that arc AB = 88 m, and let r be the   1 + cos  1 + cos 
= 2  4 + 4  
length of the rope i.e., PA = r   
 2   2  

 π  2 2
Now, θ = 72° =  72 ×  radian
72° 2  1   1   1 3
 180  =  1 +
4 
 +  1 −   = 2 ( 2 + 1) = 2 = R.H.S.
P A 2 2 
 π π 2π 5π 4 tan x(1 − tan 2 x )2
26. sin + sin + sin + sin =
18 9 9 18 (1 − tan 2 x )[(1 − tan 2 x )2 − 4 tan 2 x ]
= sin10° + sin20° + sin40° + sin50°
4 tan x(1 − tan 2 x )
= sin50° + sin10° + sin40° + sin20° = = R.H.S.
1 − 6 tan 2 x + tan 4 x
= sin(180° – 130°) + sin10° 
30. L.H.S = (cos x – cos y)2 + (sin x – sin y)2
 + sin(180° – 140°) + sin20°
= cos2 x + cos2 y + sin2 x + sin2 y – 2 cos x cos y – 2sin x sin y
= sin130° + sin10° + sin140° + sin20°
= 2 – 2 cos x cos y – 2 sin x sin y
 [Q sin(p – q) = sinq]
= 2 – 2 [cosx cos y + sin x sin y]
= 2sin70° cos60° + 2sin80° cos60°
= 2 – 2 cos(x – y) = 2(1 – cos(x –y))
 x+ y x − y
 Qsin x + sin y = 2 sin 2 cos 2  x−y
= 4 sin 2  = R.H.S.
 
 2 
1 1
= 2 ⋅ sin 70° + 2 ⋅ sin 80°  π  π
2 2 31. L.H.S. = cos 2 x + cos 2  x +  + cos 2  x − 
 3  3
7π 4π
= sin 70° + sin 80° = sin + sin   2π  
18 9  cos 2 x + 1 + cos  2 x + 3  + 1 
1
= 
1 + sin x − cos x 
27. L.H.S. = 2  2 π 
+ cos  2 x −  + 1
1 + sin x + cos x   3  
x x x x
2 sin 2+ sin x 2 sin 2 + 2 sin cos =
1  2π 
= 2 2 2 2  3 + cos 2 x + 2 cos 2 x cos   
= 2  3 
x x x x
2 cos 2 + sin x 2 cos 2 + 2 sin cos
2 2 2 2 [\  cos(A – B) + cos (A + B) = 2 cos A cos B]
x x x x 1  −1  
2 sin  sin + cos  sin =  3 + cos 2 x + 2 cos 2 x   
= 2  2 2 
= 2 = tan x = R.H.S. 2  2 
x x x x 2
2 cos  sin + cos  cos 1 3
2 2 2 2 = [3 + cos 2x – cos 2x] = = R.H.S.
2 2
x m
28. We have, tan = 32. Consider,
2 n
sin A − sin 3 A + sin 5 A − sin 7 A
x m L.H.S. =
2 tan 2 cos A − cos 3 A − cos 5 A + cos 7 A
and, sin x = 2 = n = 2 mn
x m2 m2 + n2 (sin A − sin 3 A) + (sin 5 A − sin 7 A)
1 + tan 2 1+ =
2 n2 (cos A − cos 3 A) − (cos 5 A − cos 7 A)
2 ⋅ cos 2 A sin ( − A) + 2 cos 6 A ⋅ sin ( − A)
2
(m2 + n2 )2 − 4m2 n2 =
 2 mn  2 sin 2 A ⋅ sin A − 2 sin 6 A ⋅ sin A
cos x = 1−  2 =
 m + n2  (m2 + n2 )2 −2 cos 2 A sin A − 2 cos 6 A ⋅ sin A
=
2
m −n 2 2 sin 2 A ⋅ sin A − 2 sin 6 A ⋅ sin A
=
m2 + n2 =
−2 sin A(cos 2 A + cos 6 A) cos 6 A + cos 2 A
=
 2 mn   m2 − n2 
\ m sin x + n cos x = m  2 + n −2 sin A(sin 6 A − sin 2 A) sin 6 A − sin 2A

 m + n2   2 
m + n2 
2 cos 4 A cos 2 A
= = cot 2A = R.H.S.
2 2 3 2 3 2 cos 4 A sin 2 A
2m n nm n 3m n − n
= + − =
2
m +n 2 2
m +n 2
m +n2 2
m2 + n2 33. Consider,
π 9π 3π 5π
29. L.H.S. = tan 4x = tan(2(2x)) L.H.S. = 2 cos cos + cos + cos
13 13 13 13
 2 tan x  π 9π 8π  −2 π 
2 = 2 cos cos + 2 cos cos 
= 2 tan 2 x  1 − tan 2 x  13 13 26  26 
=
1 − tan 2 2 x  2 tan x 
2
 A+B A − B
1− 
 1 − tan 2 x  Using cos A + cos B = 2 cos 2 cos 2 
 π 9π 4π π = –cos A – cos B – (–cos A) – (–cos B)
= 2 cos cos + 2 cos cos
13 13 13 13 = –cos A – cos B + cos A + cos B = 0 = R.H.S.
π  9π 4π  π  13 π 5π 
= 2 cos 3  2π  3  4π 
13  cos 13 + cos 13  = 2 cos 13  2 cos 26 cos 26  3
37. L.H.S. = sin x + sin  + x  + sin  + x 
 3   3 
π π 5π
= 4 cos ⋅ cos ⋅ cos = 0 = R.H.S.  2π 
13 2 26 3 sin  + x  − sin ( 2 π + 3x )
3 sin x − sin 3x  3 
= +
34. Consider, 4 4
L.H.S. = (sin 3x + sin x) sin x + (cos 3x – cos x) cos x  4π 
3 sin  + x  − sin ( 4 π + 3x )
= sin 3x sin x + sin2x + cos3x cos x –cos2x  3 
 +
= (cos 3x cosx + sin 3x sin x) – (cos2x – sin2x) 4
= cos(3x – x) – cos 2x 1   2π   4π 
 [Using cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
=  3 sin x + sin  + x  + sin 
  3
+ x 

4  3
 and cos2q – sin2q = cos2q] 
= cos 2x – cos 2x = 0 = R.H.S.  − {sin 3x + sin 3x + sin 3x}

3 3π [Q sin ( 2 π + x ) = sin x and sin ( 4 π + x ) = sin x ]
35. Given, tan x = , π<x< 
4 2
1   π  
⇒
π x 3π
< <
=  3 sin x + 2 ⋅ sin ( π + x )cos    − 3 sin 3x 
4  3  
2 2 4
1   1  
x x =  3 sin x − 2 ⋅ sin x.    − 3 sin 3x 
Therefore sin is positive and cos is negative. 4  2  
2 2
 [\sin (180° + x) = – sin x]
2 2 9 25 1 3
Now, sec x = 1 + tan x = 1 + = = [ 3 {sin x − sin x} − 3 sin 3x ] = − sin 3x = R.H.S.
16 16 4 4
16 4 38. L.H.S. = (sin x + sin y) + (sin z – sin(x + y + z))
Therefore cos2 x = ⇒ cos x = −
25 5  (x + y ) (x − y ) 
=  2 sin cos 
 2 2 
4
1+  ( z + x + y + z) ( z − x − y − z) 
x 1 − cos x 5 = 9 3  +  2 cos sin 
Now, sin = = =  2 2
2 2 2 10 10
(x + y ) (x − y ) ( x + y + 2 z) (x + y )
= 2 sin cos − 2 cos sin
5−4 2 2 2 2
x 1 + cos x 5 =− 1 − 1 (x + y )  (x − y ) ( x + y + 2 z) 
cos = − =− = 2 sin cos − cos
2 2 2 10 10 2  2 2 

x sin x / 2 3 10 (x + y )  ( x − y + x + y + 2 z) 
tan = = × = −3 = 2 sin   −2 sin 
2 cos x / 2 10 ( −1) 2  4
( x − y − x − y − 2 z) 
36. (i) Since A, B, C, D are the angles of a cyclic  sin
4 
quadrilateral, we have
x + y ( x + z) ( y + z) 
A + C = 180° and B + D = 180° = 2 sin   2 sin sin
2   2 2 
⇒ cos A = cos(180° – C) and cos B = cos(180°– D)
⇒ cos A = –cos C  ...(i) x+y x + z y + z
= 4 sin  sin  sin  = R.H.S.
 2   2   2 
and cos B = –cos D...(ii)
[Q  cos(180° – q) = – cos q]  1 1 1
39. Note that xy + yz + zx = xyz  + +  .
Addition. (i) & (ii), we get x y z
cos A + cos B = –(cos C + cos D)  2π 
⇒ cos A + cos B + cos C + cos D = 0 If we put x cos q = y cos  θ + 
3 
(ii) L.H.S. = –cos A – cos B – cos C – cos D  4π 
= –cos A – cos B – cos(180° – A) – cos(180° – B) = z cos  θ +  = k(say)
3 
 k k k 1  π 4π    2π  8π  
Then x = ,y = and z =
cos θ  2π   4π  =  2 cos cos   2 cos   cos  
cos  θ +  cos  θ +  4 5 5 5 5 
 3   3 
1 3π   6π 
 2π  = cos π + cos  cos 2π + cos 

cos θ + cos  θ +  4  5  5
1 1 1 1  3  
So that + + = 
x y z k  4π  1  2π     π 
+ cos  θ +  =  −1 + cos  π −   1 + cos  π +  
  3   4  
5   5
1 2π 2π 1 2π   π
= cos θ + cos θ cos − sin θ sin = −1 − cos  1 − cos 
k  3 3 4  5  5
4π 4π  1   π π   π 
 + cos θ cos − sin θ sin  =  −1 −  cos  −    1 −  cos  
3 3  4 2 10   5 
1  −1  3 1 3 
=  cos θ + cos θ   − sin θ − cos θ + sin θ 1  π     5 + 1 
= −1 − sin    1 − 
k 2 2 2 2  
4  10     4  
1
= ×0 = 0 1  5 − 1    5 + 1 
k =  −1 −    1 −  
Hence, xy + yz + zx = 0. 4 4   4 

π 2π 4π 8π 1  −3 − 5   3 − 5  1 −1
40. cos cos cos cos =   = (−4) =
5 5 5 5 4 4   4  64 16