Activity page 10

a. Casting is of paramount importance in forensic sciences as it allows a crime scene

investigator to collect an identical copy of a mark or print from a scene, which can then
be compared to a seized tool, shoe, or tire in order to establish a link between a suspect
and a crime scene and a moulage in forensic chemistry is a mold or cast of a physical
piece of evidence found at a crime scene
b. A serial number restoration involves the scientific techniques used for the retrieval,
recovery, and/or revisualization of the manufacturer's identifier, in cases where the serial
number has been obliterated.
c. The case where in a tool impression is a relevant is the case of brutal murder more than
30 years ago. In 1978, 61-year-old Carroll Bonnet was stabbed to death in his apartment.
Police collected evidence, including latent fingerprints and palmprints from the victim’s
bathroom (officers believed the killer was trying to wash off blood and other evidence
before leaving the apartment). The victim’s car was then stolen.
d. Laboratory activity

Activity page 15

a. Discuss the different types of soil and give example of each

Types of soil
 Alluvial Soil – formed from soil particles that were washed , blown , or moved by
gravity to the lowlands. Ex earth , sand, gravel.
 Colluvial soil – formed from decomposition of igneous , metamorphic and
sedimentary rocks the decomposed particles moved by gravity. Ex. Landslide soil
 Sedentary soil – inactive , not migratory ex. Limestone , dolomite


b. Differentiate the soil , dust and dirt

Dust consists of fine particles of soil (and similar substances) floating in the air and
settling onto surfaces. Dirt is soil, which consists of various proportions of sand, silt,
and clay. ... Asdust falls out of the air and onto the ground it becomes dirt

c. Soil samples may also contain unusual features such as fossils or debris from human
habitation and/or industrial operations, e.g. paint droplets, cinders, chemicals or
fibers. These features or debris, if sufficiently varied and unique, can be valuable in
individualizing a specimen and be excellent physical evidence. After the soil samples
 become suspended in the liquid the separation of the bands can then be analyzed to
reveal the profile of the soil.
Heat tests can also be used to test the soils reaction and electron microscopes can be
used to examine the structure of the minerals in the soil.

d. In October, 1904, a forensic scientist in Frankfurt, Germany named Georg Popp was
asked to examine the evidence in a murder case where a seamstress named Eva Disch
had been strangled in a bean field with her own scarf. A filthy handkerchief had been
left at the scene and the nasal mucus on the handkerchief contained bits of coal,
particles of snuff, and, most interesting, grains of minerals, particularly the mineral
horneblende. A suspect by the name of Karl Laubach was known to work in a coal-
burning gasworks and part-time in a local gravel pit. Popp found coal and mineral
grains, particularly the mineral horneblende, under the suspect’s fingernails. It was
also determined that the suspect used snuff. Examination of soil removed from
Laubach’s trousers revealed a lower layer in contact with the cloth whose minerals
compared with those found in a sample collected from the place where the body of
Eva Disch had been found! Encrusted on top of this lower layer a second soil type
was found. Examination of the minerals in the upper layer revealed a mineralogy and
size of particle, particularly a crushed mica grain, that Popp determined were
comparable with soil samples collected from the path that led from the murder scene
to the suspects home. From these data is was concluded that the suspect picked up the
lower soil layer at the scene of the crime and that this lower, thus earlier material, was
covered by splashes of mica-rich mud form the path on his return home. When
confronted with the soil evidence, Karl Laubach admitted the crime .

e. Same question with letter d.

Activity page 30
A. RA. 9165
a. Administer. — Any act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any
person, with or without his/her knowledge, by injection, inhalation, ingestion or
other means, or of committing any act of indispensable assistance to a person in
administering a dangerous drug to himself/herself unless administered by a duly
licensed practitioner for purposes of medication.

b.  Chemical Diversion. — The sale, distribution, supply or transport of legitimately

imported, in-transit, manufactured or procured controlled precursors and essential
chemicals, in diluted, mixtures or in concentrated form, to any person or entity
engaged in the manufacture of any dangerous drug, and shall include packaging,
repackaging, labeling, relabeling or concealment of such transaction through fraud,
 destruction of documents, fraudulent use of permits, misdeclaration, use of front
companies or mail fraud.

c. Controlled Delivery. — The investigative technique of allowing an unlawful or

suspect consignment of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical, equipment or paraphernalia, or property believed to be derived
directly or indirectly from any offense, to pass into, through or out of the country
under the supervision of an authorized officer, with a view to gathering evidence to
identify any person involved in any dangerous drugs related offense, or to facilitate
prosecution of that offense.

d. Cultivate or Culture. — Any act of knowingly planting, growing, raising, or

permitting the planting, growing or raising of any plant which is the source of a
dangerous drug.

e. Deliver. — Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another, personally

or otherwise, and by any means, with or without consideration.

f. Den, Dive or Resort. — A place where any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical is administered, delivered, stored for illegal
purposes, distributed, sold or used in any form.

g. Dispense. — Any act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine or any

dangerous drug with or without the use of prescription.

h. Drug Syndicate. — Any organized group of two (2) or more persons forming or
joining together with the intention of committing any offense prescribed under this
Act

i.  Employee of Den, Dive or Resort. — The caretaker, helper, watchman, lookout,

and other persons working in the den, dive or resort, employed by the maintainer,
owner and/or operator where any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical is administered, delivered, distributed, sold or used, with or
without compensation, in connection with the operation thereof.

j. Financier. — Any person who pays for, raises or supplies money for, or
underwrites any of the illegal activities prescribed under this Act.

k. Illegal Trafficking. — The illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration,

dispensation, manufacture, sale, trading, transportation, distribution, importation,
exportation and possession of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical.
 l. Instrument. — Any thing that is used in or intended to be used in any manner in the
commission of illegal drug trafficking or related offenses

m. Laboratory Equipment. — The paraphernalia, apparatus, materials or appliances

when used, intended for use or designed for use in the manufacture of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical, such as reaction
vessel, preparative/purifying equipment, fermentors, separatory funnel, flask,
heating mantle, gas generator, or their substitute.

n. Protector/Coddler. — Any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the

unlawful acts provided for in this Act and uses his/her influence, power or position
in shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of any person he/she
knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has violated the
provisions of this Act in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and conviction of
the violator.

o. Pusher. — Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispenses, delivers or gives
away to another, on any terms whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in transit or
transports dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in any of such transactions, in
violation of this Act.

B. Are drugs considered poisons?

A poison is any substance, including any drug, that has the capacity to harm a living
organism. The Renaissance physician Paracelsus (1493-1541) is famously credited with
offering the philosophical definition of poisons: "What is there that is not poison? All
things are poison and nothing is without poison. Drug can be poison and can be harmful
if it is used in the wrong way, by the wrong person, or in the wrong amount. 

C. Type of Poisons
 Acute poisoning
Ex. over consumption of alcohol
Antidote : Water

 Sub – acute poisoning

Ex. Overdose
Antidote: activated charcoal 

 Chronic Poising
Ex. toxicity relates to cigarette smoking and lung cancer.
 Antidote : Immunotherapy

Case analysis

1. collect evidence such as fingerprints, footprints, tire tracks, blood and

other body fluids, hairs, fibers and fire debris.
2. Tests for analyzing blood, urine, and other samples (stomach wash and
aspirates, hair and nails, feces, air from lungs) from patients in cases
where poisoning is suspected 
3.  forensic ballistics experts have been comparing bullets and cartridge cases by
visually examining them under a split-screen microscope. After comparing the bullets,
the examiner can offer an expert opinion as to whether they match but cannot express the
strength of the evidence numerically. NIST scientists are developing methods that will allow
an examiner to attach an objective