EDUC 4 Prelims Reviewer 6.

Teaching is a cluster of
activities that are noted about
Chapter 1: THE CONCEPT OF
teachers such as explaining,
TEACHING AS A PROFESSION
deducing, questioning,
Teaching motivating, taking attendance,
keeping record of works,
1. Teaching is an intimate contact
learners’ progress and
between a more mature
background information. – G
personality and a less mature
Wells, 1982
one which is designed to
A. Process of importing
further the education of the
knowledge and information
latter.
B. A process of causing positive
2. Teaching is defined as an
change to learners
interactive process, primarily
C. A process of instructing,
involving classroom talk, which
guiding, and helping others
takes place between teacher
and pupil and occurs during Dimensions of the Teaching
certain definable activities. - Profession
Edmund Amidon, 1967
1. The Why of Teaching (Entering the
3. Teaching is a system of actions
Profession)
involving an agent, an end in
view, and a situation, including - The reasons for choosing
two sets of factors- Those over teaching as a career are
which the agent has no control diverse, ranging from the most
(class size, size of classroom, sublime to the most
physical characteristics of superfluous
pupil etc.) and those that can
2. The Who of Teaching (Learners)
modify such as a way of asking
questions or ideas gleaned. - - Learners are the reasons for the
BO Smith, 1969 existence of teachers, schools,
4. Teaching is a task of a teacher, and school administrators
which is performed for the - Without learners, none of these
development of a child. – TF would exist
Greens, 1971
3. The When of Teaching (Evolution of
5. Teaching is the process of
Teacher Education in the Philippines)
learning. The teacher has an
important role to play because - Teaching is an evolving
he acts as a catalyst, actively profession
stimulating learning. – Farrant, - It has its early beginning and it
1980 is continually changing across
time
4. The How of Teaching (Pedagogy) Metaphors of Teaching
- Teachers are required to find 1. Teaching as an art
means and ways to enhance
- Teachers demonstrate
learners’ learning
creativity, reflection, and
- They become subject tacticians
innovation in their work.
if they have a rich repertoire of
- Like an artist, teachers use
teaching strategies
teaching as a medium to
5. The What of Teaching (Curriculum) express themselves
- In teaching, they expressed
- The curriculum constitutes the
their ideas and beliefs through
educational content, goals, and
the senses
intended outcomes as well as
- Teachers stimulate learners’
competencies to be taught and
thoughts and emotions
developed among the learners
According to Elliot Eisner (2005), there
6. The Where of Teaching (Field
are 4 Reasons that make teaching as
placement)
an art:
- The place for teaching and
1. Teaching is an art because it can be
learning is evolving
performed with such skill and grace
- Teaching no longer takes place
that, for learners as for the teacher,
under one roof or done through
the experience can be justifiable and
a face-to-face encounter
characterized as aesthetic
between teachers and learners
- Learners are no longer 2. Teaching is an art because teachers,
confined in the four walls of the like the painters, composers, make
classroom judgments based on qualities that
unfold during the course of action
3. Teaching is an art because the
teacher's activity is not dominated by
prescriptions or routine, but is
influenced by qualities and
contingencies that are unpredicted
4. Teaching is an art in the sense that
the ends it achieves are often created
in the process
2. Teaching as a science 5. Teaching as a Vocation
- Science is an organized or - The word “vocation is
systematic body of knowledge synonymous with “summon”
that springs from empirical as it comes from the Latin word
evidence “vocare” which means to “call”
- Teaching is a science because - A strong desire to spend one's
it is done in a systematic and life doing a certain kind of work
orderly manner
The Meaning of Profession
- It then details a deep knowledge
and application of effective - From root word “profess” which
techniques emanating from means to show, demonstrate or
empirical studies manifest
- “Profession” may be identical to
3. Teaching as a craft
occupation, job, career, work,
- A craft requires a kind of skilled and line of work
work that undergoes planning
1. John Goodlad (1984) defines a
and executing process in order
profession as a vocation or
to produce a product or object
occupation requiring advanced
- It requires careful attention to
education and training and involving
detail with the variety of the
intellectual skills.
worker
- Combination of teaching as 2. A profession is an occupation
both a science and art which performs a crucial social
- Teachers possess specialized function, accomplishing this requires
techniques in applying the a considerable degree of skill and a
rules governing the liquidation body of systematic knowledge that is
of the theories of knowledge grounded on a theory.
and the psychology of learning
Characteristics of a Professional
and teaching
A. A specialized knowledge base
4. Teaching as a Mission
(technical culture)
- The word mission in its verb B. A commitment to meeting client
tens, means “to send” as it needs (service ethics)
comes from the Latin word C. A strong collective identity
“misio” (professional commitment)
- Teachers are commissioned to D. A collegial as against
accomplish a task or perform a bureaucratic control over
service practice and professional
standards (professional
autonomy)
Characteristics of a Profession 4. Self-governing and self-policing
authority, especially with regard to
1. Professional Autonomy
professional ethics
- Mosby’s Dental Dictionary (2008)
- All professionals have
defines it as “the right and
professional bodies
privilege provided by a
- The professional association
government entity to a class of
acts as an interest group
professionals and to each
enhancing the status of their
qualified licensed caregiver
members and controlling the
within that profession, to
entry requirements to the field
provide services independent
- Professional closure: seeks to
of supervision”.
inhibit entry for the unqualified
- Can be determined in 2 ways:
and to sanction or expel
professional judgement & self-
incompetent members
interest and continuous
process of critical evaluation Teaching as a Profession
2. Highly developed theoretical or A. It is a form of public service
specialized knowledge which requires teachers to
demonstrate expert knowledge
- A profession is founded on an
and specialized skills
extensive period of training and
B. It is acquired and maintained
education.
through rigorous and
- Training ranges from 4 to 10
continuing study
years and is basically obtained
C. It calls for a sense of personal
in a university or college
and corporate responsibility for
3. Control of Training, certification the education and welfare of the
and licensing of new entrants pupils in their care
- UNESCO declared during the
- A new entrant undergoes control
1966 intergovernmental
of training, certification, and
conference the status of
licensing.
teachers “Teaching should be
- Aspiring professionals are
regarded as a profession since it
initially required to enroll in an
is a form of public service
institutionalized training
requiring teachers expert
knowledge and specialized skills,
acquired and maintained through
rigorous and continuing study; it
calls also for a sense of personal
and corporate responsibility for
 the education and welfare of the 3. Teachers undergo Continuing
pupils in their charge” Professional Development (CPD) by
- As a profession, it requires attending or participating in
significant training, talent and professional development activities
expertise. like seminars, workshops,
- It is a form of public service conferences, and other activities that
- Have a great impact in cognitive enhance their skills and knowledge in
growth, stimulation and their profession
knowledge-sharing
4. Teachers abide by the code of
- According to Report of the
ethics of their profession called the
Ministerial Taskforce on the
Code of Ethics for Professional
Condition and Status of
Teachers
Teaching in Western Australian
Schools (1990), teachers Teaching as a Regulated Profession
possess specialized
- Need to safeguard the rights,
techniques and exercise
welfare, security and morals of
judgement about the
learners who demand education
application of these techniques
- Teachers must posses
in order to build a body of
competence, high level of
theoretical knowledge.
performance and professional
Proofs that Teaching is a Profession conduct in the exercise of their
in the Philippines profession
The Professional Regulation Reward and Challenges of Teaching
Commission (PRC) declares teaching Profession
as a profession in the Philippines.
- The reward are its attractive
The basis is that teachers satisfy the factors
basic requisites of being a - Challenges are its constraints
professional as follows: and barriers
1. They passed the licensure
examination for the professional
called Board Licensure Examination
for Professional Teachers (BLEPT)
2. They are members of an Accredited
Professional Organization (APO) in
the country. Specifically, teachers are
members of the National Organization
of Professional Teachers (NOPT)
Luring Factors of Teaching as a 5. Long holidays
Profession by Hall Langton (2006)
- Long holidays can be alluring
1. Influence/importance of learners factor in choosing a career
- Teachers can enjoy long
- Teachers play a critical and
holidays with pay
influential role in the formation
of character, mental, and 6. Shorter hours of work
physical development of
- Teachers claim that they spend
youngsters
longer time working than other
2. Job security professionals
- As a matter of fact, they often
- It is one factor in making a
complain of the voluminous
career choice
paperwork which they bring
- Although it is something
home from school
difficult to measure, teaching
can hold assurance that Hallmarks of the Teaching Profession
teachers will keep their jobs
Factors that teachers stay longer in
without the risk of becoming
their profession:
unemployed
1. Ability to make a difference in the
3. Wider job opportunities offered
lives of learners
- Teaching provides enormous
2. Joy of working with learners
opportunities
- Teachers can become 3. Watching learners rise to the
researchers, consultants, book challenge of the subjects
writers, resource speakers,
4. The joy of working with people in
extensionist, private tutors, and
general and youth in particular
the like
5. Love of the subject matter
4. Diversity of activities
Factors Undermining the Status of
- Seeking an interesting job is
Teaching Profession in the
one thing that is sought in
Philippines
making a career choice
- Teaching is said not to be a 1. Low pay
boring job because the clients
2. Lack of authority/learner behavior
of teachers are human beings
problems
who are alive and dynamic
3. Teachers lack of control over
workplace
4. Interference of other stakeholders Philosophy of Education in the
in schools Teaching Profession
5. Stress Importance of philosophy of
education to pre-service teachers,
6. Multiplicity of teacher roles and
teachers practitioners, and school
responsibilities
administrators:
7. Teacher morale
1. Philosophy of education is very
essential in the training of future
teachers and in-service teachers
Chapter 2: PHILOSOPHICAL
ORIENTATIONS OF TEACHERS IN 2. Philosophy of education is the
THEIR PROFESSION guide for teachers to plan their
teaching
Philosophy
3. Philosophy of education helps
- Perspective
teachers to develop their own
- View
philosophical perspective on
Philosophy of Education education

- It's the perspective or Traditional philosophy is useful in the

orientation of teachers in their teaching profession
teaching profession
- Some scholars call them
Definitions of philosophy education traditional philosophies as they
indifferent perspective are the oldest philosophical
thoughts
1. Philosophy of education refers to
- Traditional philosophies can be
the wide range of application of
categorized as either content-
various philosophical ideas and
centered or learner-centered
methods in addressing educational
philosophies
issues, problems, and concerns
2. Philosophy of education is
regarded as an applied philosophy as
it promotes a specific type or vision of
education, and examines the
definition, goals and meaning of
education
Content-centered educational - Idealism, Realism, Pragmatism
philosophy & Existentialism
- It puts premier emphasis on the Idealism
social goals that are external to
Philosophical Treaties
the individual
- The value, interest, and - The root word of idealism is
experiences of the individuals idea and not ideal as other
become secondary to these construe
social goals because they are - It Claims That Reality Is Not
expected to learn and master Physical Rather It Is Essentially
these goals Mental Or Mentally Constructed
- It is a subject-focused
Aim of Education
curriculum
- It has a very academic and - Believing that knowledge is
theoretical orientation eternal, idealists assert that the
- Idealism and Realism primary aim of every teaching is
the absorption of ideas as well
Learner-centered philosophy
as a personal discipline that
- Places high emphasis on the guarantees the development of
nature of learners to be taught one's character
- it proposes a kind of education
Educational Method
that is continuous throughout
life or otherwise known as - Idealists espouse a kind of
lifelong learning education that is holistic,
- Its curriculum is fluid and open- focusing on the thematic
ended based on the learner's arrangement of subject matter
interests, motivations, abilities,
Curriculum Features
and choices
- Progressivism and - Ideally curriculum is centered
Existentialism on the stimulation of cognitive
processes which can be
The Traditional Philosophies
nourished when learners
- Also known as major schools of immerse themselves in
philosophy were not intended dialogue with others
to specifically analyze - The focus of the curriculum is
education to use textbook knowledge in
- It is broad perspectives and developing ideas, preferably
belief systems used to answer the wisdom of the ages
numerous questions about life
Significant Role of Teachers Disadvantages
- They act as sages on the stage - It is criticized to be an old-
serving as dispensers of fashioned philosophy because
knowledge of its emphasis on preserving
- They define learners learning enduring and classical ideas
starting from what they should that reflect past traditions
learn, how they are learned, and
Realism
when should they learn it
Philosophical Treaties
Role of Learners
- It is a science and mathematics-
- The learner's primary role is to
friendly philosophy which
receive ideas
believes that the real world
- They act as passive receivers of
exists independently from any
knowledge because teachers
human experience
perceive them like empty
receptacles waiting to be filled Aim of Education
up with information
- It teaches that the world is
Learning assessment unchanging and human beings
need to discover this world that
- Evaluation of learning is
is fixed
usually performed in a
subjective way and in a Educational Method
qualitative method
- The preferred methods of
- Essays, critic papers, reflection
realist are inductive process
papers are the examples of
(concrete to abstract) and those
evaluative measures preferred
that involve teaching for the
by idealism
mastery of facts
Classroom atmosphere
Curriculum Features
- Authoritarian
- Science and mathematics are at
- The classroom discipline and
the heart of the realist
control is oftentimes punitive
curriculum
and restrictive of the freedom of
- These subjects provide insight
learners to choose and explore
and prediction about nature by
Advantages making the calculation and
measurement as well as the
- It creates an orderly classroom
shapes and motions of physical
since learners are not allowed
objects
to manage their own learning,
time, and activities
Significant Role of Teachers choices on what to learn, when
to learn, and how to learn
- The teachers have the
obligation to teach the Advantages
regularities and rythmm of
- It proposes an education that is
nature as this is the only way by
scientific, technical, and
which learners can
vocational
comprehend the universal law
- Learners ought to master
and the natural order
competencies that are useful,
- They transmit knowledge free
practical, and beneficial in their
from personal biases and
lives
subjective views because they
use objective criteria in Disadvantages
teaching
- Realism is always criticized for
Role of Learners its failure to take into account
the whole person in the learning
- Train their senses in analyzing
process
the physical world
- Contrary to idealism, it neglects
- The senses are the entry points
the importance of ideal and
of obtaining knowledge
values which can be best
because learning occurs
learned from history, art
through the operation of the
language, philosophy, and
senses
literature
Learning assessment
Pragmatism
- the preferred assessment tool
Philosophical Treaties
for realism the standardized
testing where teachers - Is popularly known as a
obtained test results that can philosophy of action because it
prove that learners are learning springs from the Greek word
the material ‘pragma’ which means action,
practice, to do, or to
Classroom atmosphere
accomplish
- A subject-centered philosophy - Its basic assumption is that
the interests, needs, and ideas and actions must go hand
emotions of the learners are in hand as this is the ideal
secondary to the subject matter process of knowledge
in the classroom
- the classroom provides less
freedom for learners to make
Aim of Education - They are active participants in
the search of more practical
- Learners are expected to learn
knowledge
best through their own
experiences particularly when Learning assessment
they apply ideas, and adapting
- Pragmatic teachers are
to changes and in resolving the
convinced that when
problems they encounter in life
knowledge is applied to real life,
- Its aim is the reconstruction of
there is a deeper understanding
learners’ experiences
of concepts through the act of
Educational Method doing and personal experience
- Used varied methods suitable Classroom atmosphere
to the developmental needs and
- A problematic classroom is
interests of the learners
very learner-friendly and
Curriculum Features democratic
- The atmosphere is conducive
- The pragmatic curriculum is
for learning because classroom
tailored from the experience of
management and discipline are
the learners by considering
not rigid
their needs and interests
- It is a personalized kind of Advantages
curriculum in which the
- It teaches the learners to think
instructional objectives and
and act in a practical way
content, including the method
- Teachers serve only as
and pace, vary from one learner
facilitators of learning
to another
Disadvantages
Significant Role of Teachers
- Critics contend that
- Rather than taking a center and a
pragmatism lacks fixed aims to
lead role in the classroom, the
give learners stability and
pragmatic teachers act as
direction
facilitators, guides, advisors,
- Critics assert that personal
and fellow travelers of
experience as a foundation of
knowledge with the learners
learning is not enough to learn
Role of Learners because it is quite impossible
to obtain knowledge through
- Are considered the center of the
direct experiences only
educative process and all
learning takes place within
them
Existentialism Significant Role of Teachers
Philosophical Treaties - They present the principles,
theories, concepts, and
- It argues that the reality is
perspectives without
subjective within the individual
prescribing to their learners
- Reality rests on how individuals
their own personal positions on
perceive things through their
them
own lenses
Role of Learners
Aim of Education
- The primary role of the learners
- Reality is the result of one's
in existentialism is to discover
choices, experiences, and
themselves especially their
views about the world
potential
Educational Method
Learning assessment
- The methods used are those
- It makes a strong opposition
that provide learners with
the conduct of standardized
assistance in their journey
testing in measuring academic
toward self-realization through
success
journals, portfolio, reflection
papers, and modular Classroom atmosphere
instructions
- It is nurturing as it encourages
Curriculum Features the growth of free and creative
individuality
- The center of the existentialist
curriculum is on humanities, Advantages
psychology, philosophy, and
- It emphasizes on learners
the arts
individuality and autonomy
- It promotes self-actualization
- It presents that everything in
by joining sports activities,
life is a choice and self-
engaging in a diverse, personal,
actualization is the ultimate
and spiritual life, taking
goal of life
leadership positions, academic
- Another main strength is
and non-academic
optimism, rather than focusing
undertakings
on the limitations of the
learners, it focuses on the
development of their potentials
to become great
Disadvantages - It is believed that there is but
one ultimate truth and that
- First, the emphasis of
everything is constant because
existentialism on individuality
irrespective of time
is a good focus of life, but there
has to be a balance between Aim of Education
individuality and sociality
- The development of human
- Second, the extreme emphasis
rationality
of existentialism on the
- Its aim is to develop the high
personalization or
extinction characteristic of
customization of education is
humans which is reasoning
seen as a disadvantage by
- Its aim is to educate the rational
some educators because this
learners so they can deal with
leads to multiple curricula and
intellectual concepts of life
unorganized curriculum
- Third, when existentialist Educational Method
teachers allow learners to
- It may be characterized by
pursue their own curriculum,
regular testing and periodic
then the idea of a coherent
conduct of academic progress
curriculum serving as the
reports
foundation for community
- It follows the one-size-fits-all
becomes impossible
principle
- Last, because of its emphasis
on humanities, arts, history, Curriculum Features
and literature it has become one
- It assert that the great books or
sided
the classics are valuable
The Educational Philosophies repositories of knowledge and
wisdom
- It came from the traditional
- The curriculum is constant
philosophies
basically using great books and
Perennialism liberal arts
Philosophical Treaties Significant Role of Teachers
- It is rooted from the philosophy - They take an active role in the
of idealism and sometimes it is classroom than the learners
said to be the cousin of - Since the transmission of
essentialism subject matter is the primary
- Perennial which means goal of teaching, teachers
everlasting, persisting, and become sages on stage
enduring overtime
Role of Learners education is to cultivate and
optimize the human faculties
- Learners are taught to become
- It also gives a simple and clear
recipients of pre-given
direction to education that is
knowledge- the classics or
purposely teaching the learners
ideas of great thinkers of
how to think particularly the
humanity
wisdom of the past
- They stay in the classroom to
receive information like empty Disadvantages
vessels or empty containers
- This has been criticized as
waiting to be filled with classic
advocating intellectual
ideas by the teachers
giantism
Learning assessment - It is averred that education is
not only meant for intellectual
- Reading, writing, recitation, and
development, rather it must
computation are emphasized in
also develop the heart and the
the assessment of learners
hands
learning because these are
important in their intellectual Essentialism
growth and development
Philosophical Treaties
- One of the unique
characteristics of perennialist - Essentials are rooted from
assessment of learning is its realism and it is basically
focus on periodic testing, grade advocates for the status quo or
level achievement, ability group the conservation of existing
and standardized testing culture or society, which is
viewed as essential to both
Classroom atmosphere
societal survival, social
- The classroom atmosphere of stability as well as personal
this is teacher dominated, the satisfaction and success
learners to master substantial - This advocates that the
subject content function of education is for
- It has rigid classroom enculturation- that is, passing
management that disciplines on of culture from one
learners’ academic mind generation to the next
Advantages Aim of Education
- It maximizes the learners’ - Its aim is not to radically reshape
reasons, intellect, and society, instead of rebuilding
ultimately their humanity society, learners must be
because the purpose of its taught how to serve and adapt
 to their society through tested Role of Learners
and proven knowledge and
- It views the learners as empty
skills
vessels to be filled up with
- It is also the aim of education to
information and to be
conserve social values such as
disciplined in the tested and
respect for authority,
proven techniques and
perseverance, nationalism, etc.
approaches of the past
as these have been the core
values that have been Learning assessment
instrumental to the country's
- Essentialist teachers bank on
growth and development
achievement test scores to
Educational Method evaluate learner's progress
- Demonstration, deductive, drill, Classroom atmosphere
recitation, and memorization
- It must be that which adjust the
are the preferred method of
learners to the material and
teaching of essentialist
social world as it exists
teachers because it is effective
in imparting knowledge and Advantages
skills
- It has the advantage of creating
Curriculum Features a stable society because it
plays ask conserver of
- essentialist curriculum teaches
knowledge
the 3R's (reading, writing,
- It also plays a key role in early
‘rithmetic) the younger
childhood education as this is
generations for them to survive,
where the foundation of basic
to be productive, and to live
skills and knowledge occur
successfully in this world
- It also has the merit of
Significant Role of Teachers addressing the critical issue at
the elementary level wherein
- As a teacher-centered
too many subjects are given to
philosophy, teachers have the
children at one time, say in
basic responsibility to meet
grade one
mediate between the adult
world and the world of Disadvantages
youngsters
- The learners take a passive role
since they are just recipients of
established knowledge
Progressivism - There is no prescribed
curriculum in progressivist
Philosophical Treaties
education
- Rooted from pragmatism and
Significant Role of Teachers
existentialism
- The keyword for this is - Act as a guide or facilitator of
progress learning
- Progress is always associated
Role of Learners
with change and there can be
no progress if there is no - Progressivist teachers look at
change the learners as individuals who
- Another keyword is are capable of experiencing,
individuality which is thinking, and exploring their
fundamental to one's education lives and the world they are
living in
Aim of Education
Learning assessment
- Finds ultimate purpose in the
learners and how they are - Is focus on problem solving and
taught to manage the changes learning by doing, especially
they encounter in their lives along those that best prepare
- It perceives the learners as learners to meet their individual
active rather than passive needs and challenges
receivers of knowledge - Learning assessments are
relevant, realistic, and future
Educational Method
oriented in order for learners to
- Inductive and problem-solving acquire knowledge
technique are the educational
Classroom atmosphere
methods
- The ideas must always be - Cooperative and democratic
tested and proven through classroom atmosphere is
experiment especially that the dominant
society is in its continuous
Advantages
state of change
- It finds its strength on the belief
Curriculum Features
that all children are worthy as
- It is flexible and integrated individuals
study of academic subjects
addressing the needs and
experiences of the learners
Disadvantages Educational Method
- The disadvantages of these are - Critical pedagogy espoused by
seen when one looks at schools Paulo Freire (1970) in his book
in underprivileged communities pedagogy of the oppressed is a
- As earlier mentioned, this very useful method under this
approach exposes learners in - This method marries theory and
various exploratory activities practice and it also teaches
and experimentations, to do learners with critical thinking
this, money is required schools
- There is social analysis in this
Social Reconstructionism
method because events as well
Philosophical Treaties as, controversial issues are
critically analyzed
- Like progressivism, social
reconstruction is also rooted Curriculum Features
from pragmatism and
- Paying significant attention to
existentialism
socioeconomic and political
- It believes that education does
problems is the heart of social
not only serve the individual
reconstructionist’s curriculum
needs rather the collective
- The focus is toward
needs and societal benefits
understanding the dynamics of
- It combines study and action
society, determining who
because education is the key to
makes final decisions in the
resolving social problems
society, and analyzing the
Aim of Education mechanisms used by social
actors in maintaining
- Is in opposition to essentialism
themselves in power
which preserves the status quo
in society Significant Role of Teachers
- It asserts that education plays a
- Teachers take a lead role in
significant role in societal
developing programs for social,
change and it is at the forefront
cultural, political, economic,
in reconstructing society
and environmental change
- The aim is to change society so
because they play as catalysts
as to build a new social order
for social change
that responds to the needs of
- In their teaching, they create life
the people
changing discussions on
controversial issues along
educational, economic,
 political, and other related Eclectic Approach to Educational
fields Philosophy
Role of Learners Eclectic Approach defined
- Learners are seen as active - It is not an educational
participants in the learning philosophy
process - It is rather a method adopted by
- They usually connect their teachers in their desire to
present circumstances with the obtain good ideas, concepts,
theories and concepts they and principles from various
have learned in the classroom educational philosophies
- The term ecletic comes from the
Classroom atmosphere
Greek word eklektikos which
- It becomes a laboratory for means to choose, select, or
discussing relevant, critical, pick up
and pressing social issues and - Many teachers call it the
problems Philosophy of Choice

Advantages Emergence of Eclectic Approach to

Educational Philosophy
- Ability to identify major issues,
problems, and controversies in - It emerged because teachers
the society are searching for the best
- Exposing these concerns to the educational philosophy in their
learners create awareness of teaching
the problems that they observe - In their pursuit, They came into
and experience in their a conclusion that there is no
personal lives and in their perfect and single cookbook
communities formula to becoming an
effective teacher
Disadvantages
- Teachers may adopt a
- Its ability to re-engineer combination of 2 or a mixture of
society, but in the long run, this the educational philosophies
advantage became its own
Treatises of Eclectic Approach to
disadvantage
Educational Philosophy
- While social reform is
advocated by this philosophy, it - Known to be a melting pot of all
does not however define how to philosophies
specifically achieve social - Its treatise rests on piecing
change together the best features of the
 different philosophies in one and harmonize their conflicting
whole approach concepts and principles
- The harmonious synthesis of - It suppresses the rigid methods
these philosophies is anchored of teachers
on the fact that no educational
Disadvantages of Eclectic Approach
philosophy is completed and
none of them has the monopoly - It is criticized for its lack of
of absolutely and exclusively consistency and simplicity
explaining the issues and - This not support a specific kind
concerns of education as well of view about education
as the teaching and learning - Without specific kind of
process educational philosophy,
- The essence of eclectic education does not promote a
approach is summarized in the clear vision, purpose, and
cliche “the greatest good for the direction
greatest number” - Users of this approach have
- Combining the best ingredients lack of steadiness because of
of the different philosophies their flexibility and fan sitting
produces optimal outcomes attitudes and dispositions to
because better educational educational philosophies
outcome is yielded in the
utilization of more philosophies
in education
Application of Eclectic Approach to
Teaching and Learning
- It is very common viewpoint in
modern education today
- Many teachers consider it as
the best educational
philosophy because it is
complete and comprehensive
- It has the advantage of
providing integral education
because it integrates all the
good features of the various
philosophies
- another advantage is its ability
to combine all the philosophies