PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE

REVISED SYLLABUS
FOR
M.A.(PREVIOUS), M.A.(FINAL)
PAKISTAN STUDIES
2014 & ONWARDS

UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

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 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

INDEX
Paper Course Title of the Course CH Marks Page
No. No.

1ST SEMESTER M.A.[PREVIOUS]

I PSC-500 Indus Valley Civilization 04 100 3
II PSC-501 Political and Constitutional Development in Pakistan 04 100 5
[1947-1971]
III PSC-502 Geography of Pakistan 04 100 7
IV PSC-503 Pakistani Society & Culture (Rural Life) 04 100 9
V PSC-504 Legal System and Institutions 04 100 10

2ND SEMESTER M.A.[PREVIOUS]

I PSC-505 Muslim Rule in India [712-1857] 04 100 12
II PSC-506 Political & Constitutional Development in Pakistan [1971 04 100 15
to date]
III PSC-507 Pakistani Society & Culture (Urban Life) 04 100 17
IV PSC-508 Administrative System and Institutions 04 100 18
V PSC-509 Pakistani Languages and Literatures 04 100 19

1ST SEMESTER M.A.[FINAL]

I PSC-600 Muslim Nationalism in South Asia [1857-1947] 04 100 21
II PSC-601 Foreign Policy of Pakistan 04 100 23
III PSC-602 Economic Development in Pakistan 04 100 25
IV PSC-603 Research Methodology 04 100 27
Note: Students of M.A.(Final) are required to opt. for one paper from the following optional subjects
V(a) PSC-604 Mystical Heritage of Pakistan [Sufi Orders] 04 100 29
V(b) PSC-604 Environmental Problems of Pakistan 04 100 31
V(c) PSC-604 Social Change and Development in Pakistan 04 100 32

2ND SEMESTER M.A.[FINAL]

I PSC-605 Land and Life in Sindh 04 100 34
II PSC-606 Human Rights in Pakistan 04 100 36
III PSC-607 Economic Problems in Pakistan 04 100 38
IV PSC-608 Muslim Political Thinkers in South Asia 04 100 40
Note: Students of M.A.(Final) are required to opt. for one paper from the following optional subjects
V(a) PSC-609 Bureaucracy, Military and Political System of Pakistan 04 100 41
V(b) PSC-609 Mystical Heritage of Pakistan [Sufi Poetry] 04 100 43
V(c) PSC-609 Term Paper 04 100 45

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 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

M.A.(PREVIOUS) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-500 PAPER-I 1ST SEMESTER

I- PRE-ARYAN INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

Definition meaning and importance of Indus Valley Civilization
1. The Indus Valley Civilization
2. Mohenjo-Daro – Harappa – Kot Diji –Amri - Mehrgarh
3. Economic Life – Social life
4. Arts & Crafts
5. People their culture, language and Religion

II- THE ARYANS

1. Aryans immigration into Indus Valley.
2. Early Settlements – Economic Life
3. The Vedic Literature
4. Social Life: Language, Culture and Religion
5. The Epic age
6. The Ramayana
7. The Mahabharata
8. The caste system
9. Merit and Demerits of the caste system

III- JAINISM AND BUDHISM

1. Life and Doctrine of Mahavira
2. life and Doctrine of Gautama Buddha
3. Causes of success and decline of Buddhism
4. Comparison between Jainism Buddhism and Hinduism

IV- PERSIAN AND GREEK INVASIONS

1. Darius-I
2. Achaemenian Rule
3. Sassanian Rule
4. Alexander’s Invasion
5. Cyrus II

V- THE MAURYA EMPIRE

1. Chandra Gupta Maurya his life, Administration and achievements - The historian’s
account of Magaisthenes and Kantilya or Chankya.

VI- ASHOKA THE GREAT

1. Spread of Buddhism– Inscriptions and Administration
2. Foreign Policy
3. Asoka’s place in History

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VII- THE GREEK INVADERS
1. Scythians
2. Parthians

VIII- THE KUSHANS EMPIRE

1. Kaniksha
2. Religion of Kaniksha
3. Partron of art and literature
4. An Estimate of Kaniksha
3. Huns
IX- INDO-PAK CIVILIZATION OF THE POST-MAURYA PERIOD

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Basham, A.L., The wonder that was India: a survey of the history and culture of the Indian
sub-continent before the coming of the Muslims, London: Sidwick and Jackson, 1982.
2. Bhoy, Jairaz, Origin and Spread of Ancient Civilizations, (2nd Edition), London: Oxford
University Press, 1994.
3. Cultural Heritage of Sindh, Compiled by Abdul Jabbar Junejo and Mohammad Qasim Bughio,
Jamshoro: Sindhi Adabi Board, 1988.
4. Dr. Mark Kenoyer J., Ancient Cities of Indus Valley and Civilization, Karachi: Oxford
University Press, 1992.
5. Habibullah, Pervez, Researches on Heritage of Sindh, Karachi: 2000
6. Hiremath C., Origin and Genesis of Dravidians Languages, 1982.
7. J. Allan, T. Wolselay Haig & H.H. Dodwell, The Cambridge Shorter History of India, New
Delhi: S. Chand Company Ltd., 1979.
8. K. Ali, History of Indo-Pakistan, Karachi: Pakistan Book Center, 1993.
9. Lari, Suhail Zaheer, An Illustrated History of Sindh, Karachi: Heritage Foundation, Pakistan,
2002.
10. Majumdar, R.C., H.C. Raychandhuri & KaliKinkar Datta, An Advanced History of India, Vol-
I. (3rd edition) Delhi: MACMILLAN, 1974.
11. Marshal, John, Mohenjo Daro, and the Indus Civilization, Lahore: Arthur Probsthain, 1931 (3
Volumes)
12. Rapson, E.J. The Cambridge History of India, New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd., 1987.
13. Shehab, Rafiullah, Prof., Fifty Years of Pakistan, Lahore: Maqbool Academy, 1990.
14. Siddiqi, MohammedIdris, Sindhu MatharJe Sabhita, Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Baord, 1979.
15. Stanley Lane-Poole, Mediaeval India, (Under Muhammadan Rule) A.D. 712-1764., Lahore:
Sange Meel Publications, 1979, no.6 book be brought on p.17 at serial no.
16. Wheeler, Mortimer, TheIndus Valley Civilization, London: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
17. Wilkins, W.J. Hindu Mythology, Bombay: Rupa & Co., 1978.

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 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO
POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN [1947-1971]
M.A. (PREVIOUS) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-501 PAPER-II 1ST SEMESTER

Introduction / Objectives
Pakistan has been facing constant political and constitutional crisis since birth. Parliamentary
democracy is yet to be established on firms footing. This course has been designed with a purpose to
appraise the students of nature and direction of constitutional and political development in Pakistan.
After studying the course the students will be able to:
 Understand the constitutional and political issues and problems of Pakistan
 Comprehend the working of the political machinery and the adversities interposed in its way
 Analyze the political problems of Pakistan

Course Outline

I. State Foundation and Nation Building

a. Act of Independence 1947 and Establishment of Pakistan

b. Provisional Constitution of Pakistan 1947
c. Political Challenges to new State and Leadership’s Response

II. First Constituent Assembly

a. Major Political Issues and Constitution-Making Process

b. Dissolution
c. Court cases
d. One Unit Scheme

III.Second Constituent Assembly: Formation and Working

a. Formation and composition

b. The Constitution of 1956: its Salient Features and trials
c. The Working of the Parliamentary System 1956-58

IV. General Ayub Khan Regime

a. Imposition of Martial Law

b. The Constitution of 1962: Salient Features
c. Political struggle for the Restoration of Parliamentary Democracy and Fall of Ayub Khan

V. General Yahya Khan Regime

a. Imposition of Martil law by Yahya Khan

b. The Legal Framework Order, 1970

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 c. The Elections of 1970 and Regional Political Forces

VI. East Pakistan Crisis and Emergence of Bangladesh

Suggested Readings
1. Rizvi, Hasan Askari. Military and Politics in Pakistan 1947-199. Lahore:Sang-e-Meel Publication,
2000.
10. Shafqat, Saeed. Political System of Pakistan and Public Policy.Lahore:Progressive Publisher,
1989.
11. Burki, Shahid Javed. A Revisionist History of Pakistan.Lahore:Vanguard, 1998.
12. Ronak Jahan, Failure of national integration in Pakistan
2. Rizvi, Hasan Askari. Military, State and Society in Pakistan.Lahore,2002.
3. Feldman, Herbert. From Crisis to Crisis.London: Oxford UniversityPress, 1972.
4. Feldman, Herbert. Revolution in Pakistan.London: Oxford UniversityPress, 1964.
5. Sayeed, Khalid Bin. Politics in Pakistan: Nature and Direction ofChange. np. nd.
6. Sayeed, Khalid Bin. The Political System of Pakistan.Boston: HoughtonMifflin, 1967.
7. Ziring, Lawrence. Pakistan in the 20th Century: A Political History.Karachi: Oxford University
Press, 1997.
8. Ziring, Lawrence. Pakistan: Enigma of Political Development. WestView, 1980.
9. Afzal, M. Rafique Political Parties in Pakistan. vol. I, II & III, Islamabad:National Commission
on Historical and Cultural Research, 1999.
10. Channa, Muneer

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 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN
M.A.(PREVIOUS) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-502 PAPER-III 1ST SEMESTER

I INTRODUCTION
1. Location and genesis of Pakistan
2. Size & relative position

II PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAND

1. Physiography of Pakistan
2. Climate of Pakistan and climatic regions

III POPULATION/DEMOGRAPHYOF PAKISTAN

1. People of Pakistan
2. Population and its growth
3. Population Distribution & Density
4. Age & Sex Composition
5. Occupational Structure
6. Rural-Urban distribution
7. Population Planning & Government Policies

IV RESOURCES & ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN

1. Agriculture
2. Fisheries
3. Livestock
4. Water Resources: Irrigation and Rivers
5. Minerals & Power Resources
6. Manufacturing Industries: Heavy, Cottage and Small
7. Industrial Development
8. Transportation
9. Trade

V THE SETTLEMENTS OF PAKISTAN

1. Dwellings and huts of people: their types and patterns
2. Their types & patterns
3. Characteristics of Towns & cities & Squatter settlements
4. Rural-Urban Distribution
5. Urbanization

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 VI ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN
1. Land, Water & Air Pollution
2. Salinity and Water logging
3. Floods & Draughts
4. Remedial measures

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Chand A., Pakistan, New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1992.
2. Government of Pakistan (Finance Division): Economic Survey (For various years).
3. Government of Pakistan: Agriculture Census Report (for various years).
4. Government of Pakistan: Census of Manufacturing Industries, (for various years).
5. Government of Pakistan: Economic Surveys(for various years).
6. Government of Pakistan: Population Census Reports (for various years).
7. Israruddin, Studies in Pakistan Geography, Peshawar: Department of Geography, University of
Peshawar, 1998.
8. Johnson, BLC, Pakistan, London: Heinmann, 1979.
9. Khalid, Nazir Ahmed, Career’s Geography of Pakistan, Lahore: Career Book Publisher, 2003.
10. Khan, Fazle Karim, Oxford Atlas for Pakistan, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2002.
11. Khan, Fazle Karim, Pakistan: Geography, Economy & People, Karachi: Oxford University
Press, 2002.
12. Khan, Jamil Ahmed, Climate of Pakistan, Karachi: Rahber Publishers, 1991.
13. Kureshy, K.U., A Geography of Pakistan, Lahore: National Book Service, 1991.
14. Mushtaq-ur-Rahman, Land & Life in Sindh, Pakistan, Lahore: Ferozesons, 1993.
15. Mushtaq–ur–Rehman, Geography of Sindh Province of Pakistan, Karachi: The Geographers
Association, 1975.
16. Sehrai, Taj Muhammad, Lake Manchar: the most ancient seat of Sindhu culture, Karachi:
Sindhi Kitab Ghar, 1997.
17. Shaikh, Khurshid Hassan, Chaukhandi Tombs in Pakistan, Karachi: Royal Company, 1996.
18. Shamshad K.M., The Meteorology of Pakistan, Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1988.
19. Spate, OHK & Learmouth ATA, India & Pakistan, London: Methuen, 1968.
20. Tayyab, A., Political Geography of Pakistan, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1987.

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 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

PAKISTANI SOCIETY & CULTURE (RURAL LIFE)

M.A.(PREVIOUS) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-503 PAPER-IV 1ST SEMESTER

Introduction
The form of this course is to study rural society in Pakistan with reference to sociological
concepts. These concepts will be taught to the students as a prelude to the understanding of rural
life. The following concepts will be given attention so that they may be applied to the study of
rural life in Pakistan.
a) Kinship (clan, biradari)
b) Family (extended, joint, etc.)
c) Marriage (cousin marriage, arranged marriage etc.)
d) Descent (patrilineal, patrifocal, changes & variations in the traditional order.)

e) Cultural change (the study of various theories about culture and cultural change and their application
to the rural areas of Pakistan.)
1. Social Structure and Social Stratification of Rural Areas
a) Social groups
b) Economic stratification: power/wealth/prestige.
c) Social stratification: Cast, biradri, tribe, status/class, social mobility, social control.
2. Major Issues Confronting Rural Society
a) Gender inequality
b) Environmental decay
c) Illiteracy/literacy
d) Overpopulation
e) Honour-related crimes. Violence in the village.
f) Customs such as sawara and vani.

3. Cultural Heritage of Pakistan

The study of the cultural heritage of Pakistan in order to determine the continuity and change in rural
values and traditions in Pakistani rural life.
4. Common Patterns and Themes of Culture in Pakistan.
a. Urs, pirs, mazars/shrines
b. Customs/ceremonies
c. Mystic thought and poetry in the village
d. Music in the village and the changing perceptions about music in the wake of new innovations
and emerging trends
e. Folktales, epics, folk-crafts and motifs

Books Recommended:
1. Ahsan, Aitzaz. 2000. Indus Saga. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
2. Ahmad, Akbar S. 1999. Pakistani Society. Karachi Royal Book Co., 1999.
3. Documentary film “Swara” by Aurat Foundation.
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 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

LEGAL SYSTEM AND INSTITUTIONS

M.A.(PREVIOUS) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-504 PAPER-V 1ST SEMESTER

Course Introduction
The main aim of the course is to introduce students the importance of law and to the legal
systems of Pakistan.

Course Outline

Course is divided into two parts:

Part 1: Law and Society: The purposes, importance and functions of law
1. The nature of the law
2. Legislation and Sources of Law
3. Kinds of Law
4. Implementation of Laws

Part 2: Judicial System of Pakistan

1. Judicature in the constitution of Pakistan
2. Role of Courts (Higher and Lower) in Pakistan
3. Civil Laws and Process
4. Criminal Laws and Process
5. Other Specialized Laws in Pakistan

Part-3: Policing in Pakistan

1. Introduction and objectives
2. History development and reforms
3. Administrative structure, selection, procedure and training
4. Working and investigation methods
5. Police community relations

Part-4: Criminal Justice System in Pakistan

6. History and Development of prison system in Pakistan
7. Types of Prisons
8. Correctional Programmes in Prisons
9. Rights and Obligations of Prisoners, Prison Reforms and prevailing conditions.

BOOKS SUGGESTED
1. Ahmad Khan Chadhar juram Neshan Chorhtahai Jahangeer Book Depu, Lahore 2006
2. Anderson, J:- The Reality of community policing the Police and society research Centre Japan
1992.
3. Brig (Retd) Muhammad Yasin: District and Police System in Pakistan, Lahore: Vanguard books
std 1997.

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4. Choudhary Iqbal, Pakistani Society , Lahore, Aziz Publishers, 1984
5. Civil Procedure code 1908.
6. Contract laws
7. Crime and Criminology, 9 ed McGraw Hill, 2000
8. Criminal Procedure code 1898.
9. Dr. Abdul Majeed, A, Aulahkh, Criminal Justice System in Pakistan Pak Muslim Academy
1986.
10. Dr. Abdul Majeed, Aulakh, Rana Abdul Razzaqu khan Crime & Criminology in Pakistan
11. Dr. Ahmad Majeed, A. Aulakhh, Muhammad Masood khan, Pakistan Prison Rules, Kousar
Brothers.
12. Dr. Mubarak Ali: Tareekh Tag our Dakoo, (Urdu) Lahore, Zahid Basir Printers 1994.
13. Fairly laws
14. Hafiz S.D Jmy, Police, Crime, and Politics in Pakistan, Lahore Vanguard Books Pvt, Ltd 1997.
15. Imdad Hussain Sahito: Decade of Dacoits, (Oxford University Press 200).
16. Jamil Rehman Khan, ed. Government and Administration in Pakistan Islamabad Pakistan Public
Administration Centre 1987.
17. M.A.K Chodhary, Policing in Pakistan, Lahore Vanguard books Pvt Ltd. 1997
18. M.A.K Chodhary: Policing in Pakistan Lahore, vanguard books (Pvt) Ltd 1997.
19. Muhammad Aazam Chodhary: Justice in Practice, Oxford University press 1999.
20. Pakistan Penal Code
21. Patrick R. Anderson – Donald J, Newman: Introduction to Criminal Justice 5 ed New Yark:
McGraw Hill INC 1993.
22. Rizvi Nazir Ahmad, our police Heritage, Lahore, WAPDA Printing Press 1961.

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 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

MUSLIM RULE IN INDIA [712-1857]

M.A.(PREVIOUS) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-505 PAPER-I 2NDSEMESTER

I- SOUTH ASIA ON THE EVE OF ARAB CONQUEST 712-715

1. Historical Background of Indus Valley before Arab Invasion
2. Causes of Arab invasion of Sindh

II- GHAZNAVI DYNASTY (1026-1172 A.D.)

1. Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna
2. End of the Ghazni Dynasty

III- GHORI DYNASTY 1173-1206

1. Sultan Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Ghori
2. End of the Ghori Dynasty

IV- SULTANATE OF DELHI 1206-1526

SLAVE DYNASTY 1206-1290

1. Sultan Qutbuddin Aibak, 1206-1210
2. Sultan Aram Shah 1210-1211
3. Sultan Shams-ud-dinIltutmish 1211-1236
4. SultanaRazia 1236-1240
5. Mu’izz-ud-dinBahram Shah 1240-1242
6. Sultan Ala-ud-dinMas’ud Shah 1242-1246
7. Nasir-ud-din Mahmud 1246-1252
8. Ghiyas-ud-din Balban 1249-1287
9. Kaikubad and the end of the Slave Dynasty 1287-1290

V- KHILJI DYNASTY 1290-1320

1. Jalaluddin Feroz Khalji 1290-1296
2. Sultan Alauddin Khalji 1296-1316
3. Malik Kafur
4. Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah and the End of the Khilji Dynasty 1316-1320

VI- TUGHLUQ DYNASTY 1320-1414

1. Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq 1320-1325
2. Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq 1325-1351
3. Sultan Feroz Shah Tughluq 1351-1388
4. Decline and the end of the Tughluq Dynasty 1388-1414.

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VII- SAIYID DYNASTY 1414-1451
1. Khizar Khan 1414-1421
2. Sultan Mubarak Shah Saiyid 1421-1434
3. Sultan Muhammad Shah Saiyid 1434-1445
4. Sultan Ala-ud-din Alam Shah and the end of the Saiyid Dynasty 1445-1451

VIII- LODHI DYNASTY 1451-1526

1. Sultan Bahlul Lodhi 1451-1489
2. Sikandar Lodhi 1489-1516
3. Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi and the end of the Lodhi Dynasty 1516-1526

IX- VARIOUS ASPECTS OF SULTANATE PERIOD

1. Down Fall of the Sultanate of Delhi
2. Administration of Delhi Sultanate
3. Social and Cultural Contribution of the Sultans of Delhi
4. Religious Trends
5. Role of Ulemas, Role of Sufis orders (Chistiya & Suharwardia), Important Sufis of the
period, Bhagti Movement, its origin, and Impact.
6. Development of Society & Culture under the Delhi Sultanate
7. South Asia at the Advent of Mughals
X- THE AGE OF GREATER MUGHALS 1526-1707
1. Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur 1526-1530
2. Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Humayun 1530-1540 & 1550-1556
3. Sher Shah Suri and the establishment of Sur dynasty 1540-1545
4. End of Sur Dynasty
5. Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akber 1556-1605
6. Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir 1605-1627
7. Shihab-ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan 1628-1658
8. Muhiyy-id-din Muhammad Aurangzib Alamgir 1658-1707
XI- FALL OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE 1707-1857
1. Causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire, Rise of European powers in India, invasion
of Nadir Shah of Iran and Ahmad Shah Abdali of Afghanistan.
2. Growth of Independent Principalities
3. Socio-cultural and Economic conditions under the Mughals
4. Religious Movements
5. “Mahdawi” movement; Muslim Tasawwuf, Qadria and Naqshbandia order; Hazrat
Mujaddid Alf-i-Sani and his services towards revival of Islam. Shah Waliullah and his
contributions. Faraizi Movement.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Arshad, M., Prof., History of Indo-Pakistan, Dacca: Ideal Publications, 1963.
2. Hussain, J., A History of the Peoples of Pakistan, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1998

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3. Ikram, S.M., Dr., History of Muslim Civilization in India and Pakistan, Karachi: Institute of
Islamic Culture, Karachi University, 1966,
4. Ikram, S.M., Dr., History of Muslim Civilization in India and Pakistan [93-1273/711-1856]: a
political and cultural history, 3rd ed., Lahore: Institute of Islamic Culture, 1982.
5. Khan, Gulfishan, Indian Muslims Perception of the West., n.p & n.d.
6. Prof. Zubair, History of Indo-Pak, n.p. and n.d.
7. Qureshi, I.H., A short history of Pakistan, Vol. I-IV, Karachi: University of Karachi, 1997.
8. Qureshi, I.H., The Administration of Mughal Empire, Karachi: University of Karachi, 1966.
9. Qureshi, I.H., The Administration of the Sultanate of Delhi, 4th rev. ed., Karachi: Pakistan
Historical Soceity, 1958.
10. Qureshi, I.H., The Muslim Community of the Indo-Pakistan Sub-continent (610-1947): a brief
historical analysis, 2nd ed. Karachi: MA’Arif Limited, 1977,
11. Riazul Islam,Sufism in South Asia, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2002.
12. Sh. Rashid, “Later Muslims”, n.p & n.d.
13. Sir J. Allen, T. Wolseley Haig, The Cambridge History of India, Delhi, S. Chand & Company,
1958.
14. Stanley Lane-Poole Mediaval India (Under Mohammadan Rule) A.D 712-1764, Lahore Sang Meel
Publication, Lahore, 1779.

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 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO
POLITICAL & CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN [1971 TO-DATE]
M.A.(PREVIOUS) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-506 PAPER-II 2NDSEMESTER

Course Outline

I. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s Government ( 1971 to 1977)

a. Transfer of Power: Constitutional aspects

b. Politics, Political Parties and Leadership : A survey
c. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto as Prime Minister : Major Policies
d. Interim constitution of 1972
e. The Constitution of 1973: Main features
f. The 1977 Elections and PNA’s Politics: Implication for Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s Government

II. General Zia Regime (1977- 1988)

a. Imposition of Martial Law

b. Movement for the Restoration of Democracy (MRD): Zia’s response
c. Elections 1985
d. Amendments in 1973 Constitution and revival, Revival of Constitutional Order (1985)
e. Muhammad Khan Jounajo as Prime Minster
f. Dissolution of Assemblies and end of Zia’s Rule

III. Civilian Rule Revisited: Banazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif’s Government
(1988-99)

a. Party Politics and Democracy in Pakistan: Benazir as Prime Minister

b. 1990 Elections and aftermath
c. Nawaz Sharif as Prime Minister 1990-93
d. Caretaker Government and Elections 1993 and Benazir Return to Power
e. 1997 election and return of Nawaz Sharif to Power.
f. Workings and Breakdown of Parliamentary democracy in Pakistan

IV. General Pervaiz Musharaf (1999-2008)

a. Military Coup and Assumption of Power by Musharraf: Constitutional Aspects

b. PCO of 1999.
c. 9/11 Events Impact on Pakistan’s Security
d. Election of 2002
e. Musharaf as President: Major Policies
f. 17th Amendment and its implications

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g. Return of Benazir and Nawaz from Exile: New Political Trends
h. Assassinations of Nawab Akbar Boghti and Benazir Bhutto
i. Elections 2008 and Aftermath
j. Events leading to Musharraf’s Resignation
V: Pakistan’s People’s Party Government (2000-to date)
I: Gilani as Prime Minster
II: Political harmony
III: 18th Amendment and its implications.
IV: Major Policies
V: Role of judiciary

Suggested Readings
1. Afzal, M. Rafique. Political Parties in Pakistan. vol. III, Islamabad: NIHER, 1999.
2. Bose, Sagata. and Ayesha Jalal. Modern South Asia; History, Culture, Political Economy, New
Delhi: 2004.
3. Burki, Shahid Javed, A Revisionist History of Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard, 1998.
4. Jalal, Ayesha. Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia: A Comparative and Historical
Perspective. Lahore: Sang-e-MeelPublications, 1995.
5. Rizvi, Hasan Askari, Military and Politics in Pakistan 1947-1997. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel
Publication, 2000.
6. Rizvi, Hasan Askari. Military State and Society in Pakistan. Lahore: 2002.
7. Sayeed, Khalid Bin. The Political System of Pakistan. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967.
8. Shafqat, Saeed. Political System of Pakistan and Public Policy, Lahore: Progressive Publisher,
1989.
9. Talbot, Ian. Pakistan Modern History. Lahore: Vanguard, 1999.
10. Waseem, Muhammad. Politics and State in Pakistan, Islamabad.
11. Ziring, Lawrence. Pakistan: An Enigma of Political Development. Folkestone, Kent: Dawson;
Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1980.

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 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

PAKISTANI SOCIETY & CULTURE (URBAN LIFE)

M.A. (PREVIOUS) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-507 PAPER-III 2NDSEMESTER

Introduction
This course will concentrate upon a study of urban life in Pakistan focusing particularly on
urban organization, urban institutions, economy and development in the urban setting of Pakistan.
It will also include the study of the impact on the migration of the rural population to the cities and
urban problems of alienation, crime, pollution etc. Specifically the following areas will be studied:
1. The development of cities in Pakistan
2. The cantonment and the ‘old city’
3. Ghettoes and slums
4. Urban problems of overcrowding and lack of facilities
5. Education in an urban setting
6. Class and stratification in urban areas
7. The city government and municipality
8. The role of district government in different governments in Pakistan
9. Crime in urban areas including the special case of Karachi
10. Pollution in cities and awareness of the issue
11. The socialization/ alienation of immigrants from rural areas to cities

Books Recommended:
1. Addledon, Jonathan S. 1992. Undermining the Centre. The Gulf Migration and Pakistan.
Karachi: Oxford University Press.
2. Ahmad, Akbar S. 1999. Pakistani Society. Karachi: Royal Book Co., 1999.
3. Dornan, Hastings & Werbner, Pnina. 1991. Economy and Culture in Pakistan: Migrants
and Cities in a Muslim Society. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
4. Hafeez, Sabiha. 1991. Changing Pakistani Society. Karachi: Royal Book Co.
5. Hafeez, Sabiha. 1991. The Metropolitan Women in Pakistan. Karachi: Royal Book
Company.
6. Kuper, Adam. 1973. Anthropologists and Anthropology: The British School 1922-72.
(Chapter 1 Malinowski).
7. Mirza, Jasmin. 2002. Between Chaddor and the Market. Karachi: Oxford University
Press.

*** THE END ***

17
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO
ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM AND INSTITUTIONS
M.A. (PREVIOUS) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-508 PAPER-IV 2NDSEMESTER

Introduction
The evolution of the administrative system in British India and its adoption in Pakistan will be
studied in the first part of the course. The second part will be devoted to the legal system and
institutions. Both parts will be aimed at enhancing the overall understanding of the students of the legal
and administrative functioning of Pakistan. Specifically, the following institutions and processes will be
given attention.
a. The Civil Service of Pakistan and its legal role
b. The district magistracy and the process of separating the executive and judicial institutions of the state
c. The institutions of higher judiciary. The High Courts and Supreme Courts and their functioning
d. The appointment of judges
e. The concept of the Ombudsman and its functioning in Pakistan.
f. Laws regarding judges and major court decisions in their cases.
g. Landmark judgments of the superior judiciary in political cases (such as the Maulvi Tamizuddin case,
Asma Jilani case etc).
h. The military and the judiciary (PCOs and other developments)
i. Independence of the judiciary as an ideal and its position in the perspective of Pakistan’s history
j. The legal systems in use in Pakistan
k. Islamic norms in the legal system of Pakistan
l. The demand for legislation on human rights and women in Pakistan.
m. Laws regarding women and their implementation in Pakistan.
n. Any other matter which the instructor of the course considers significant for understanding the legal
structure and functioning of the administration and judiciary in Pakistan.
Books Recommended:
1. Chaudhary, Mohammad Azam. 1999. Justice in Practice Legal- Ethnolography of a Pakistani Punjabi
Village. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
2. Government of Pakistan. 1957. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1956. Karachi:
Ministry of Law.
3. Government of Pakistan. 1974. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973. Islamabad:
Ministry of Law.
4. Haq, S. Anwar ul. 1993. Revolutionary Legality in Pakistan. Lahore: Pakistan Writers Co-operative
Society.
5. Jami,Hafiz S.D. 1997. Police Crime and Politics. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
6. Jilani, Hina. 1999. Crime or Custom?: Violence Against Women in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University
Press.
7. Kadri, Shamim Hussain.1990. Judges and Politics: Ghulam Mohammad to Ghulam Ishaq. Lahore: Jang
Publishers Press.
8. Khan, Hamid. 2001. Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
9. Khan, Jamil ur Rehman . 1987. Pakistan Government and Administration in Pakistan. Islamabad: Pakistan
Public Administration Centre.
10. Patel, Rashida. 1991. Socio-Economic Political Status and Women & Law in Pakistan. Karachi: Faiza
Publishers.
11. Razzak, Abdul. 2002. Judges Case and Judiciary. Hyderabad Sindh: Print-Right.
*** THE END ***

18
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

PAKISTANI LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES

M.A.(PREVIOUS) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-509 PAPER-V 2NDSEMESTER

I-
1. Sindhi Language & Literature
2. Urdu Language & Literature

II-
1. Balochi Language& Literature
2. Brahvi Language& Literature

III-
1. Punjabi Language& Literature
2. Siraiki Language& Literature

IV-
1. Pashto Language& Literature
2. Hindko Language& Literature

V-
Languages & Literatures of Northern Areas pertaining to the Main Languages of Pakistan
1. Kashmiri
2. Balti
3. Sheena
4. Khowar
5. Broshaski
6. Dardi
7. Wakhi

VI-
All the above Languages & Literatures including Dialects of Northern Areas will be taught
with respect to the following Periods:
1. Classical
2. Modern

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Abbasi, Mohammad Madani, Pashto Zaban wa Adab ki Mukhtasar Tarikh, Lahore: 1969.
2. Allama Atique, Fikri Atiq-ul-Atiq (on Siraiki boli), np & nd.
3. Allana, GhulamAli, Dr., Origin and Growth of Sindhi Language, Jamshoro: Institute of
Sindhology, 2002.
4. Allana, Ghulam Ali, Dr., Sindhi Boli Jo Abhiyas, Jamshoro: Institute of Sindhology, 1987.
5. Asif Punjabi, Zaban da Pichokarh, np & nd.

19
6. Baloch, N. A., Dr., Sindhi Boli Ain Adab Ji Tarikh, Jamshoro: Pakistan Study Centre, University
of Sindh, 2000.
7. Bherumal, Mehar Chand Aadwani, Sindhi Boli Ji Tarikh, Jamshoro: Sindhi Adabi Board, 1998.
8. Brahvi, Abdul Rahman, Brahvi Zaban Wa Adab Ki Mukhtasar Tarikh, Lahore: nd.
9. Bughio, Qasim, Sindhi Language: linguistics to Socio-linguists, Karachi: Sindhi Academy, 1998.
10. Hashmi, Hameedullah, Punjabi Adab Di Mukhtasar Tarikh, Lahore: 1974.
11. Jiskani, Lal Bakhsh, Samajiyat-jo-Taaruf, Jamshoro: Pakistan Study Centre, University of Sindh,
1993.
12. Junejo, Abdul Jabbar, Dr., Sindhi Adab ji Tarikh, Hyderabad: Sindh Printing Press, 1983.
13. Kamil-al-Qadiri, Balochi Adab ka Mutala’a, Quetta: Bolan Book Corporation, 1976.
14. Khan, Hussain Ahmed, Re-thinking Punjab: the Construction of Siraiki Identity, Lahore: Research
Publication Centre, 2005.
15. Nayar, Mukhtiar Ali, Tarikh Zaban Hindko, Peshawar, 1977.
16. Pervez, Sajjad Hyder, Siraiki Adab Di Mukhtasar Tarikh, Multan, 1986.
17. Qureshi, Abdul Ghafoor, Punjabi Adab di Tarikh, np & nd.
18. Shackle, Christopher, South Asian Languages: a Handbook, London: School of Oriental and
African Studies, External Services Division, 1985.
19. Sindhi, Haider, Dr., Hamara Lassani wa Adabi Versa, Islamabad: Idrara Adabi Versa, 1995.
20. Sindhi, Haider, Dr., Zaban Aur Adab Ki Tarek, Islamabad: Muqtadara Qomi Zaban Pakistan,
1999.
21. Sorely, H.T., The Gazetteer of West Pakistan: the former province of Sindh (including
Khairpur state), Lahore: Government Publication, 1968.
22. Syed, Noor Ali Zamin Hussaini, Maaruf-e-Siraiki, np., 1972.
23. Tarikh-i-Adabiyat (Urdu), Punjab University, nd.
24. Tariq Rehman, Language and Politics in Pakistan, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2003.
25. Zaman, Mohammad Bashir, Bahawalpuri-Multani, np & nd.

***THE END***

20
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

MUSLIM NATIONALISM IN SOUTH ASIA [1857-1947]

M.A.(FINAL) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-600 PAPER-I 1ST SEMESTER

Introduction
This course introduces students to the historical background of the creation of Pakistan. It focuses
on major historical events both national and international and their impact.

Learning outcomes

Students will:
 Understand the key events that led to the creation of Pakistan
 Analyze the current situation in the light of the past
 Identify various perspectives and develop their own historical understanding
 Develop the attitudes of objectivity, open mindedness and curiosity.

Course Outline

1. The War of Independence of 1857 and its impact

a. British, Hindu and Muslim responses

b. Rise of Aligarh Movement and Muslim nationalism
c. (i) Foundation of Congress
(ii) Muslim response to congress
(iii) Urdu/Hindi controversy
(iv) Muslim Political Organizations (1890-1905)

2. The Simla Deputation and foundation of Muslim League

a. Partition of Bengal and the Hindu and Muslim response

b. Simla Deputaion and its demands
c. Muslim League: establishment, aims and objectives and its evolution (1906-1913)
d. Government of India Act 1909

3. Lucknow Pact (1916)

a. Background
b. Quaid-i-Azam’s role
b. The Pact: Clauses and Analysis
4. Khilafat Movement
a. Background (Impact of World War 1)
b. Birth, growth and decline of the Khilafat Movement

21
 d. Civil Disobedience and Non-Cooperation Movements
e. Strengthening of the extremist attitudes in the Hindu and Muslim
f. Politics with special reference to Hijrat, Shuddhi, Sangathan and the
g. Hindu Mahasaba
5. Nehru Report and the Quaid-i-Azam’s Fourteen Points
a. Background (The Delhi Muslim Proposals and Simon Commission)
b. Nehru Report: Salient features
c. The Quaid-i-Azam’s efforts for Hindu-Muslim unity
f. Quaid-i-Azam’s Fourteen Points and the Congress reaction
g. Government of India Act 1919
6. Muslim Nationalism
a. Iqbal’s Allahabad Address (1930)
b. Round Table Conference (Focus on views of Quaid-i-Azam, Iqbal and Chaudhry Rehmat Ali)
and the Communal Award
c. Government of India Act 1935: Salient Features
d. Elections of 1937
e. The Formation, Functions and impact of congress ministries (1937-1939)
7. The Lahore Resolution and the emergence of Pakistan (1940-1947)
a. Salient Features andSignificance of the Lahore Resolution (1940)
b. Cripps Mission 1942
c. Simla Conference 1945
d. Elections 1945-46
e. Cabinet Mission Plan 1946
f. Interim Government, London Conference 1946
g. 3rd June Plan and the Indian Independence Act 1947
8. Quaid-i-Azam’s role in the making of Pakistan

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1 Ahmed, Jamil-ud-din. (1976) Creation of Pakistan.Lahore: United Publishers.
10. Riaz, Hasan. Pakistan Naguzeer Tha, (Urdu). Karachi: University of
11. Abid, S.Q. (2007). A Muslim Struggle for Independence: Sir Syed to Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Lahore:
Sang-i-Meel.
2. K.K. Aziz. (1976). Making of Pakistan: A Study in Nationalism. Islamabad: National Book Foundation.
3. Ikram, S.M. Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan.(1970) Lahore:Sheikh Muhammad Ashraf,
Kasmiri Bazar.
4. Iqbal, Javed. Ideology of Pakistan.Lahore: Ferozsons Ltd. 1971.
5. Sayeed, Khalid Bin. (2003) Pakistan the Formative Phase. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
6. Stephen, Philip Cohen. (2005) The Idea of Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
7. Khan, Abdul Qadir. Mutala-e-Pakistan, (Urdu). (2006) Lahore: A.H. Publishers Urdu Bazar.
8. Malik, Hafeez. Rise of Muslim Nationalism in India, Lahore: Vanguard
9. Qureshi, I.H. The Struggle for Pakistan. (1969) Karachi: University of Karachi Press.
Karachi Press, nd.
Publishers.

For Further Reading

1. Ahmad, Aziz. Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan 1857-1964. London: Oxford University Press, 1967.
2. Azad, Abulkalam. India Wins Freedom. (1960) New York: Longmans, Green.
3. Hameed, Abdul. Muslim Separatism in India. London: Oxford University Press.
4. Hodson, H. W. The Great Divide: Britain – India – Pakistan.(2001) Karachi: Oxford University Press.
*** THE END ***

22
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

FOREIGN POLICY OF PAKISTAN

M.A. (FINAL) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-601 PAPER-II 1ST SEMESTER

I- MAKING OF FOREIGN POLICY

1. The conceptualization of Foreign Policy
2. Main Principles of Foreign Policy
3. Objectives of Foreign Policy
4. Factors determining Foreign Policy
5. Major Problems of Foreign Policy in formative period.
6. Alignment with West

II- DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN FOREIGN POLICY

1. Civil Servants
2. Military
3. Political parties
4. Interest Groups
5. Parliament
6. Public Opinion

III- PAKISTAN AND THE NEIGHBOURS

1. India
2. China
3. Iran
4. Afghanistan

IV- PAKISTAN AND GREAT POWERS

1. Pak-US Relations
2. Pakistan and Europe
3. Pakistan and Russia
4. Pakistan and Japan

V- PAKISTAN AND THE MUSLIM WORLD

1. Role of Pakistan in OIC
2. Pakistan’s relations with the Middle East, Indonesia and Malaysia.

VI- NEW VARIABLES IN POST-COLD WAR PERIOD

1. Impact of Nuclearization on Indo-Pak relations
2. Post-Taliban Security issues and war against terrorism
3. Revitalization of SAARC and role of Pakistan
4. Pakistani response to the challenges of globalization.

23
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Agha Shahi and Hamid H. Kizalbash (ed.), Pakistan’s Security and Foreign Policy, Lahore:
Progressive Publishers, 1988.
2. Ahmed, Ishtiaq and Bashir, Aamir, India and Pakistan Charting a Path to Peace, Islamabad:
PanGraphics (Private) Ltd., 2004.
3. Ali Mehrunnisa, Readings in Pakistan Foreign Policy, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2001.
4. Amir, Shahid, Pakistan Foreign Policy, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1999.
5. Bhutto, Z.A., The Myth of Independence, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1969.
6. Burke, S.M., Foreign Policy of Pakistan: An Historical Analysis, Karachi: Oxford University
Press, 1993.
7. Burke, S.M., Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani Foreign Policies, Karachi: Oxford University
Press, 1975.
8. Chaudhary, Muhammad Ahsen, Pakistan and the Troubled World, Karachi: Royal Book
Company, 1993.
9. Gohari, M.J., The Taliban: ascent to power, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2002.
10. Hussain Mushahid, Pakistan and the Changing Regional Scenario, Lahore: Progressive
Publishers, 1988.
11. Irtiza Hussain, Strategic dimensions of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy, Lahore: Progressive
Publishers, 1989.
12. Khan, Rais Ahmed, Forty Years of Search of Peace and Security, Karachi: Royal Book
Company, 1990.
13. Kux, Denis, The United States and Pakistan 1947-2000: disenchanted allies, Karachi: Oxford
University Press, 2002.
14. Moonis Ahmar, (Ed.), Internal and External Dynamics of South Asian Security, Karachi: np.,
1998.
15. Rasul Bux Rais, China and Pakistan: a Political analysis of mutual relations, Lahore:
Progressive Publishers, 1977.
16. Rizvi, Hasan Askari, Pakistan and the Geo-strategic Environment: a study of foreign policy,
London: MacMillan, 1993.
17. Shah, Mehtab Ali, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy: 1971-1994,
London: I.B. Tauris, 1997.
18. Shahi, Agha, Pakistan’s Security and Foreign Policy. Lahore: Progressive Publications, 1988.
19. Tahir Kheli, Shirin, The United States and Pakistan: The Evolution of An Influence
Relationship, New York: Prager Publication, 1982.
20. The Third World: New Directions, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1973.
21. Ziring, Lawrence, Pakistan: The Enigma of Political Development, Kent: Wm Dawson & Sons,
1980.

***THE END***

24
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN

M.A. (FINAL) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-602 PAPER-III 1ST SEMESTER

Course Introduction
The course has been designed to enable the students understand various dimensions of Pakistan
economy and assess the economic growth over the last sixty five years. It also stresses the importance of
meaningful economic development which is sustainable, participatory, environmentally responsible and
distributive.

Course Outcomes

Students will be able to:

 Understand key terms and concepts of economics

 Identify the various economic institutions and their role in the growth of the economy of Pakistan
 Identify the major economic issues and how they affect the economic development of Pakistan

Course Outline

1. Economics
a. Key economic terms
b. Key economic concepts

2. The economic system of Pakistan.

a).Basic economic systems (socialist, capitalist and mixed)
b).Basic features of Pakistan’s economy and infrastructure.

3. Economic Development in Pakistan

Meaning – Economic Development V/S Economic Growth
i. Obstacles in the way of economic development in Pakistan.
ii. Factors promoting economic development in Pakistan
iii. Human resource development
iv. Agriculture development in Pakistan and reforms
v. Industrial development in Pakistan and labour trade unions
vi. Role of informal sector
vii. External determinants of Pakistan economy
viii. Role of Government in the Economic Development

4. Economic Planning in Pakistan: Historical Background

a). The first, second and third five-year plans.

25
b). Pakistan’s development planning experience during the short term planning period: 1970 – 77
c). Development planning of Pakistan during the fifth, sixth and seventhfive-year plans.
5. Banking System in Pakistan:
6. Welfare Economics
a) Definition
b) Economic and general welfare
c) Positive economic and welfare economics
d) Individual welfare and serial welfare
e) Application of welfare and economics
f) Obstacles to welfare mechanization.

Books Recommended
1. H. Gardezi and Jamil Rashid, Pakistan: The Unstable State. Lahore:
2. Willaim E, James. Foundations of Pakistan Political Economy: Towards
3. Akbar Zaidi, S, Issues in Pakistan's Economy. Karachi: Oxford University
4. Govt of Pakistan, Leading Issues Facing Pakistan Economy, State Bank
5. Husain, Ishrat. Pakistan: The Economy of an Elitist State. Karachi: Oxford University Press,
1999.
6. Khan, Shahrukh Rafi. 50 Years of Pakistan's Economy: Traditional Topics and Contemporary
Concerns. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1999.
7. Nabi, Ijaz. Agarian Economy of Pakistan: Issues and Policies. Karachi:
8. Govt. of Pakistan, Annual Report 2002-2003: Review of Economy, State
9. Haque, Irfan-Ul. Compendium of Pakistan Economy.Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1987.
10. S M, Huda, Economic Development of Pakistan: From Self Reliance to
11. Saeed Khawaja, Amjad. Economy of Pakistan 2000-2001.Karachi:
12. Uzair, Mohammad. Economy of Pakistan: Perspective and Problems.
13. Ahmad, Khurshid. Elimination of Riba from the Economy: An Agenda for the 1990s. Karachi:
Oxford University Press, 1992.
14. National Bank of Pakistan. 2003. Debt Ridden Economy. Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1996

*** THE END ***

26
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
M.A. (FINAL) PAKISTAN STUDIES
COURSE NO.PSC-603 PAPER-1V 1ST SEMESTER

COURSE DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES:

This course will familiarize you in Research Methods, Research Techniques, and Report writing. This goal’ is to
complete the course and be able to produce and defend the methodology of your proposed research (Term Papers, Graduate
Research Projects and Masters Theses), be ready to carryout the various tasks involved in doing research, and to find
resources to guide you through research. The theme throughout the course will be on comparing and /or combining
qualitative and quantitative approaches to research.
I. THEORY, RESEARCH AND SUBSTANTIVE AREA
II. LOCATION OF RESOURCES, INFORMATION/DATA
III. HANDLING PROBLEMS OF RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY
IV. SAMPLING OR SELECTION OF RESEARCH MATERIALS
V. DATA COLLECTION
VI. MEASUREMENT
VII. DATA ANALYSIS
VIII. EVOLUTION QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE METHODOLOGIES
IX. REPORT WRITING: Index
X. LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
XI. REFERENCE, BIBLIOGRAPHY; INDEX.

The subject matter is not necessarily limited to the above contents. Related discussions may/will occur at the
discretion of the instructor.

The course will be most and your grade potential maximized if you complete assigned course readings and give time
to thinking through questions related to the readings, and class discussion, as well as, participation in that discussion.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Arifullah, Shahnaz, and K.M. Bhatti, Research Process Simplified, Peshawar: np. 1998.
2. Babbie, Earl, The Practice of Social Research, 9th ed., Peshawar: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 2001.
3. Dawson, Catherine, Dr., Practical Research Methods, New Delhi: UBS Publishers’ Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 2002.
4. Gee, Wilson, Social Sciences Research Methods, New York: Appleton Century-Crofts, 1950.
5. Hussain, Ghulam, Tahqiq Jo Fun, Jamshoro: Pakistan Study Centre, 1983.
6. Nachmias, Chava, and David Nachmias (Reprint), Research Methods in the Social Sciences, Victoria: Edward
Arnold, 1987.
7. Neuman, W. Lawrence, Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 3rd ed., Needham
Heights, MA: Allyn-Bacon, 1997.
8. Saslow, Carol A., Basic Research Methods, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982
9. Sultana Baksh, Tahqiq Ka Fun, np & nd.
10. Turabian, Kate L., Manual for Writers of Term papers, Theses, and Dissertations 4 th ed., Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1973.
11. Walker, Melissa, Writing Research Papers, New York: W.W. Norton, 1993.

Students are advised to visit the websites for latest updates (e.g. of search engines viz., msn yahoo, and google etc.).
Also, through newspapers and periodicals on related literature.

Students are required to consult Turabian Editorial style for Referencing material. It can be found on the WEB,
Students are bound to make a presentation in class on their Research Report.

***THE END***

27
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

MYSTICAL HERITAGE OF PAKISTAN [SUFI ORDERS] (OPTIONAL)

M.A. (FINAL) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-604 PAPER-V(a) 1ST SEMESTER

Introduction
Sufism is the name given to Islamic mysticism. Almost at the same time, in the thirteenth century,
Muslim mystics migrated from the heartland of Islam to various regions of present Pakistan. They
established different sufi orders through which the organizational aspect of the sufi spirit was expressed.
The course will focus on the origin and growth of various sufi orders in Pakistan and will seek to study
the everlasting impact of Islamic spirituality on South Asian Muslim community with a special reference
to Pakistan society.

INTRODUCTION
1. Origin
2. Growth

SUFI ORDERS AND THEIR PHILOSOPHY

1- Chishti
2- Qadiri
3- Naqsh bandi
4- Suhrawardy

FOUNDERS
1- Abu Ishaq Shami
2- Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gilani
3- Abu Najib Suhrawardy
4- Muhammad Bahauddin
5- Moinuddin Chishti
6- Mansur Hallaj
7- Junaid Baghdadi
8- Ibn-e-Arabi
9- Bayazid Bistami
NOTABLE SUFI SAINTS OF PAKISTAN
1- Shah Abdul Latif Bari Imam
2- Mehr Ali Shah Golra
3- Rehman Baba
4- Mian Mir
5- Madhu Laal Hussain
6- Data Ganj Bakhsh Ali Hujweri
7- Fariduddin Ganjshakar
8- Sayyid Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari
9- Makhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht

28
 10- Bahauddin Zakariya Multani
11- Shams Sabzwari Tabrez
12- Moosa Nawab
13- Makhdoom Nooh Bakhri
14- Qalandar Laal Shahbaz
15- Loung Fakir
16- Jilani Saints of Ranipur
17- Rashdi Saints of Pir Goth
18- Makhdoom Nooh of Hala
19- Shah Murad Shirazi
20- Sufi Shah Inayat
21- Sadarudddin Shah of Lakki
22- Makhdoom Muhammad Zaman of Lanwari
23- Saman Sarkar
24- Pir Ghulam Mujaddid

RITES AND RITUALS

Legends and Beliefs
Festivities
Samaa

IMPACT ON SOCIETY

Books Recommended:
1. Ahmad, Aziz. 1969. An Intellectual History of Islam in India. Edinburgh: Edinburgh
University Press.
2. Attar, Farid al-Din.1990. [1966]. Muslim Saints and Mystics: Episodes fromTadhkirat al-
Auliya’ trans.A.J. Arberry. London: Arkana.
3. Friedmann, Johannan. 1971. Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a
Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
4. Lewisohn, Leonard and Christopher Shackle (ed.). 2006. Attar and the Persian Sufi
Tradition. New York: I.B. Tauris Publishers.
5. Mahmood, Tahir. 1989. The Dargah of Sayyid Salar Mas’ud Ghazi in Bahraich: Legend,
Tradition and Reality in Christian W. Troll (ed.), Muslim Shrines in India: Their Character,
History and Significance. Delhi: Oxford University Press. p.p. 24-47.
6. Schimmel, Annemarie. 1963. Gabriel’s Wing: A Study into the Religious Ideas of Sir
Muhammad Iqbal. Lahore: Iqbal Academy.
7. Schimmel, Annemarie. 1975. Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of
North Carolina Press.
8. Subhan, John A.1960. Sufiism: Its Saints and Shrines. Lucknow: Lucknow Publishing
House.
9. Triminghan, J.S. 1971. The Sufi Orders in Islam. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

*** THE END ***

29
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN (OPTIONAL)

M.A. (FINAL) PAKISTAN STUDIES)

COURSE NO.PSC-604 PAPER-V(b) 1ST SEMESTER

Introduction / Objectives
This course aims at providing knowledge about various environmental issues in multidimensional
perspectives. It uses critical approach to global, regional and local environmental issues. The course
provides review of the different environmental issues especially ecological and those related to
conservation of resources and pollution. It deals with the management and planning issues using case
studies. After going through the course the students will be able to identify and analyze various
environmental issues critically. They will be able to formulate strategies for the remedy of problems
created by environmental hazards.

Course Outline
1). Environment and Eco-system
2). Global environmental problems
o Climate change and its impact
o Ozone depletion and its impact
3). Green Environmental Problems
o Deforestation
o Desertification
o Range land pastures destruction
4). Brown Environmental Problems
o Air pollution
o Water Pollution
o Soil Pollution
o Sea Water Pollution
5). Population-Poverty-Environmental nexus
6). International Treaties, Conventions on environment
7). National conservation strategy.

Books Recommended
1. Botkin, D. B. and Keller, E.A. Environmental Science: Earth as a living planet. 3rd ed. New York: John Willey and
Sons Inc., 2000.
2. Nebel, B. J. and Wright, R. T. Environmental Science: The way the world works, 1st ed. London: Prentice Hall
International Inc. 1998.
3. Bradbury, I. K. The Biosphere.2nd ed. UK: John Wile and Sons inc.1988.
4. Mckinny, M. L. and Schoch, R. M. Environmental Science: Systems and solutions, USA: Jones and Bartltt
Publication Inc, 1998.
5. Emiliani, C. Planet Earth: Cosmology, Geology and the evolution of life and environment. 1973. 3rd ed. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. 1973.
6. Ahmed, R. Z. Pakistan- A Descriptive Atlas: A Comprehensive geo-politics course. 1st ed. Lahore: Ferozsons, 2000.
7. Khan, F. K. A Geography of Pakistan Environment: Environment, people and economy. 1st ed.. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1993.
8. Hussain S. S. Pakistan Manual of Plant Ecology: a text book of plant ecology for degree students. Islamabad:
National Book Foundation, 1992.
9. Daily news papers for current issues.
*** THE END ***

30
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

SOCIAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN (OPTIONAL)

M.A. (FINAL) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-604 PAPER-V(c) 1ST SEMESTER

Course Introduction
This course will introduce students to the key concepts and theories of social change and
development. Furthermore, it will facilitate understanding of the factors influencing social change and
the main effects of social change in Pakistan.

Course Outcomes

Students will be able to:

 Explain the concept of social change

 Explain the theories of social change and development and differentiate between them
 Identify the factors influencing social change and their impact on Pakistani society.

Course Outline

1. Social Change
a. Concept of Social Change
b. Concept of Development

2. Theories of social change and development

a. Classical theories: Herbert Spencer, Oswald Spangler, Karl Marx, Max

Weber and Ibn-i Khaldun.
b. Modern Theories: Talcott Parsons, Wright Mills.
c. Development Theories: W.W. Rostow, S.P. Huntington.

3. Factors influencing social change

a. Economic factors
b. Means of Communication
c. Educational Policies and Institutions
d. Science and Technology

4. Effects of Social Change

a. Growth of Middle Class
b. Creation of New Professions
c. Change in Family Pattern.
d. Change in Status of Women and their Role in Society.
e. Increased desire for Social Justice and Law and Order.
f. Consumerism
g. Role of civil society

31
Books recommended
1. Etzioni, Amita. and Eva Etzioni, (eds). Social Change: Sources, Patterns
2. Saif, Lubna. and Javed Iqbal Syed, (eds). Pakistani Society and Culture.
and Consequences. 2nd ed. New York: Basic Books Inc., 1974, Reproduced by National Book
Foundation, Islamabad, 2001.
Vol. I and II, Islamabad: Allama Iqbal Open University, 2001.
1. Weiss, Anita, M. Culture, Clans and Development in Pakistan. Boulder, Colorado: West-view
Press. 1991

Further readings
1. Weiss, Anita, M. Walls within walls: Karachi: OUP. 2007.

*** THE END ***

32
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

LAND AND LIFE IN SINDH

M.A. (FINAL) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-605 PAPER-I 2NDSEMESTER

1. General Introduction
2. Historical Geography:
a) Arab Period
b) Soomra Dynasty
c) Samma Dynasty
d) Arghun, Turkhan and Mughal Rule
e) Kalhora Dynasty
f) Talpur Dynasty
g) British Period

3. Physical Geography:
1. Land Forms: Khirthar Mountains, Lower Indus Valley, Thar Dessert and
Indus Delta
2. Climate of Sindh

4. Demographic Profile
a) Size
b) Density
c) Distribution
d) Gender Composition
e) Age Composition
f) Occupational Structure
g) Labour Force

5. Settlement Patterns
Rural and Urban
6. Urbanization in Sindh
7. Water Resources and Irrigation
8. Agriculture

Books Recommended
1. Aijaz-ul-Haq Qudoosi, Tarikh-e-Sindh (Urdu) 3 Vols., Lahore: Markazi Urdu Board, 1980.
2. Aitken, E.H., Gazetteer of the Province of Sindh, Karachi: Mercantile Steam Press, 1907.
3. Aitken, Gazetteer of the Province of Sindh, Karachi: Indus Publications, 1986.
4. Alexander Burnes, A Voyage on the Indus, London: np., 1839.
5. Bakhri, Mir Mohammad Masumi, Tarikh-e-Masumi, Jamshoro/Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, 1985.
6. Baloch, N. A. Dr., Sindh:Studies Historical, Jamshoro: Pakistan Study Centre, University of Sindh, 2002.
7. Burton, R.F., Sindh the unhappy Valley. np& nd.
8. Hafiz Khair Muhammad, Labb-i-Tarikh Sindh, Jamshoro: Sindhi Adabi Board, 1989.
9. Haig, M.R., Indus Delta Country, London: Kegan Paul & Trench Co. 1894.
10. KalichBeg,Mirza: A History of Sind, Karachi: Scinde classics, 1982.

33
11. Khuhro, Hamida.,British Administrative policy and social change in Sindh, np & nd.
12. Lakho, Ghulam Muhammad, History of Samma Kings (Sindhi), Jamshoro: Sindhi Adabi Board, 1996.
13. Lakho, Ghulam Muhammad, Kalhora Daur Hukoomat (Sindhi), Karachi: Anjuman-i-Ithad, 2004.
14. Lambrick H.T., John Jacob of Jacobabad, London: Oxford University Press, 1975.
15. Lambrick, H. T. Sindh Before the Muslim Conquest, Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, 1973.
16. Lambrick, H.T. Sind: A General Introduction, Hyderabad/Karachi: Sindhi Adabi Board, 1964.
17. Mahar, Ghulam Rasool, Tarikh-e-Sindh: Kalhora Period, (Vols. Urdu and Sindhi), Jamshoro/Hyderabad:
Maktaba Sindhi Adabi Board, 1958.
18. Makhdum, Ameer Ahmed, Fatehnama Sindh: (Chachnama), (Sindhi), Sindhi Adabi Board, 1966.
19. Maulai Shaidai, Janat-ul-Sindh, Jamshoro/Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, 1958.
20. Maulai Shaidai, TareekhTamadun Sindh, Hyderabad: Sindh University Press, 1959.
21. Mir Tahir Mohammad, Tarikh-e-Tahiri (Sindhi), Jamshoro/Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, nd.
22. Mushtaq-ur-Rahman, A Geography of Sind Province, Pakistan, Karachi: Karachi Geographers
Association, 1975.
23. Panhwar, M.H., An Illustrated Historical Atlas of Soomra Kingdom of Sindh, Karachi: Soomra National
Council, 2003.
24. Panhwar, M.H., Chronological Dictionary of Sindh, Jamshoro: Institute of Sindhology, University of
Sindh, 1983.
25. Panhwar, M.H., Groundwater in Hyderabad & Khairpur Division, Hyderabad: Directors & Agriculture,
1964.
26. Pathan, Mumtaz Hussain, Dr., Arab Kingdom of Al-Mansurah in Sindh, Jamshoro: Institute of
Sindhology, University of Sindh, 1974.
27. Pithawalla, M.B, A Geographical Analysis of the Lower Indus Basin, Sind Part-I, Karachi: MBP
(author) 1937.
28. Pithawalla, M.B: A Physical & Economic Geography of Sind, Hyderabad/Karachi: Sindhi Adabi Board,
1955.
29. Pithawalla, M.B: Historical Geography of Sindh, Karachi: MBP 1938. (Sindhology)
30. Rahman, Mushtaqur, Land & Life in Sindh, Pakistan, Lahore: Ferozeson, 1993.
31. Rashdi, Syed Hissamuddin, Maklinama, Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, 1967.
32. Siddiqui, M.H., History of Arghums and Tarkhans, Jamshoro: Institute of Sindhology, University of
Sindh, 1972.
33. Snelgrove, A.K, Geography of the Indus River West Pakistan, Hyderabad: Sindh University Press, 1967.
34. Sorley H.T. (Compiler). Gazetteer of West Pakistan: the Province of Sindh (including Khairpur State),
Lahore: Government of West Pakistan, 1968.
35. Sorley, H.T., Gazetteer of West Pakistan: the former province of Sindh(including Khairpur State),
Published under the Authority of Government of West Pakistan, 1968.
36. Syed Abdul Quddus, Sindh: The land of Indus and Civilization, Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1992.
37. Syed, G.M., Sindh-Ji-Bombay Khan Aazadi, (in Sindhi), Hyderabad: Sindh Tehqiqi Board, 1989.

*** THE END ***

34
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

HUMAN RIGHTS IN PAKISTAN

M.A. (FINAL) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-606 PAPER-II 2NDSEMESTER

I- INTRODUCTION
Definition, meaning & importance of Human Rights
- What are Human Rights?
- Historical background
- Islamic concept of Human Rights
- The Last Sermon of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the concept of Human Rights.

II- UNITED NATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS

- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 (UNO) regarded as the enlightened conscience
of man.
- International Covenant on Civil Rights.
- Linguistic Rights (UNESCO)

III- GENDER DISCRIMINATION AND CHILD RIGHTS

- Women Rights-Gender Discrimination Family violence and Karo-kari
- Pakistan & Child Rights Conventions (CRC) Child Rights, Child Labour, Street Children and
Child Labour/Bonded Labour.

IV- MINORITY RIGHTS IN PAKISTAN

- Discrimination & Protecting of Minorities.
a) Hindus
b) Christians
c) Buddhists
d) Ahmadis
e) Sikhs

V- PROTECTION OF RIGHTS
- The Right to freedom of thought, expression, conscience religion, belief, practice and worship,
Civil Rights, protection of identity, nationality, culture, torture, press in Chain.
- Annual Reports on Human Rights Reports on Pakistan by Pakistan, England & America & UNO.

VI- HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS AND THEIR ROLE

(a) Asma Jehangir
(b) I. A. Rehman
(c) Ansar Burney
(d) Abdul Sattar Edhi
(e) The Role of NGO’s in Securing Human Rights
(f) International Amnesty

35
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Ali, S.S., A Comparative Study of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women with Islamic Law & Laws of Pakistan, Peshawar: Shaheen
Publishers, 1995.
2. Annual Reports on Human Rights by UNO, America, England, Pakistan & other countries.
3. Brownlie, Lan. Basic Documents on Human Rights, London: Clarendon Press Oxford, 1992.
4. Buergenthal, Thomas, International Human Rights, Second Edition, West Group, nd.
5. Courage in Journalism, Karachi: Right to know, 1996.
6. Davidson Scott, Human Rights, Buckingham: Open University Press, 1993.
7. Hoof. G.J.H., Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights, Boston:
Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1990.
8. Human Rights in Urban Areas, Paris: UNESCO, 1983.
9. Karal Vasik, The International Dimensions of Human Rights, Connecticut (USA): Green Wood
Press, 1982.
10. Lawson, Edward, Encyclopedia of Human Rights, Second Edition, Washington, D.C., Taylor &
Francis, nd.
11. Leary, Virginia A. Weleh Claude E. Jr, Asian Perspectives on Human Rights, San Francisco,
West View Press, nd.
12. Mrs. Ayesha Shahid, Human Rights, Islamabad: Mass awareness Education, Higher Education
Commission, nd.
13. Patel, Rashida Mohammad Hussain, Woman versus Man Socio-Legal Gender Inequality in
Pakistan, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2003.
14. Singh, Indu and Saksena, Ajay, Human Rights in India and Pakistan, Delhi: Deep & Deep
Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2004.

***THE END***

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 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

ECONOMIC PROBLEMS IN PAKISTAN

M.A. (FINAL) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-607 PAPER-III 2NDSEMESTER

Introduction

This course has been designed to enable the students understand various dimensions of
Pakistan’s economy in the light of past experience. There are a number of important issues that
need to be addressed at the time of evaluating the record of economic growth over more than
fifty years.

Economic policy planners of Pakistan thought the Big Push Theory of the 1950s, based
on capital investment would speed up growth with the help of foreign aid and domestic resources
and there will be trickle down in the form of more job opportunities and uplift of standards of
living. Unfortunately the trickle-down did not take place and distribution of income leading to
class conflict further intensified.

With the passage of time transition from traditional concerns to issues like environment,
human resource development, poverty alleviation and empowerment has taken place. It is now
believed that meaningful economic development has to be sustainable, participatory,
environmentally responsible and distributive. The single- minded focus on growth has been
replaced by a very large number of other equally important criteria. Based on these themes this
course of Pakistan will consist of the following key themes.

a) Major economic issues and developments

b) Basic features of the economy and infrastructure of Pakistan
c) Population
d) Capital formation in Pakistan
e) Balance of payments of Pakistan
f) Foreign trade sector of Pakistan
g) Fiscal Policy of Pakistan
h) Monetary Policy of Pakistan
i) Inflation
j) Foreign Aid
k) Poverty in Pakistan

37
Books Recommended:
1. Ahmed, Khurshid.1995. Elimination of Riba from the Economy. Islamabad: Institute of Policy
Studies.
2. Akbar Zaidi, S. 1999. Issues in Pakistan’s Economy. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
3. Government of Pakistan. 2003. Leading Issues Facing Pakistan Economy: State Bank of Pakistan.
4. Govt. of Pakistan. Annual Report 2002-2003: Review of Economy. Islamabad. State Bank of
Pakistan, 2003.
5. H. Gardezi and Jamil Rashid. 1983. Pakistan: The Unstable State. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
6. Haque, Irfan-Ul.1987. Compendium of Pakistan’s Economy. Karachi: Royal Book Company.
7. Husain, Ishrat. 1999. The Economy of an Elitist State. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
8. Khan Shahrukh Rafi. 1999. 50 Years of Pakistan’s Economy: Traditional Topics and
Contemporary Concerns. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
9. Nabi, Ijaz. 1986. Agrarian Economy of Pakistan: Issues and Policies. Karachi: Oxford University
Press.
10. S.M. Huda. 1996. Economic Development of Pakistan: From Self Reliance to Debt Ridden
Economy. Karachi: Royal Book Company.
11. Saeed Khawaja, Amjad. 2001. Economy of Pakistan 2000-2001. Karachi: Institute of Business
Management.
12. Uzair, Mohammad. 2004. Economy of Pakistan: Perspective and Problems. Lahore: Royal Book
Company.
13. William E, James. 1992. Foundations of Pakistan Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the
1990s. Karachi: Oxford University Press.

*** THE END ***

38
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

MUSLIM POLITICAL THINKERS IN SOUTH ASIA

COURSE NO.PSC-608 PAPER-IV 2NDSEMESTER

I- VIEWS OF INDIAN MUSLIM THINKERS

1. Mujaddid-i-alf-i-Thani
2. Shah Wali-ullah
3. Syed Ahmad Shaheed
4. Haji Shariat-ullah
5. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
6. Nawab Mohsim-ul-Mulk
7. Jamaluddin Afghani
8. Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk
9. Syed Amir Ali
10. Sir Haji Abdullah Haroon
11. Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah Agha Khan
12. Ghulam Muhammad Bhurgri
13. Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi
14. Pir Ghulam Mujaddid Sirhindi

II- MODERATE MUSLIM THINKERS

1. Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi
2. Moulana Muhammad Sadiq Khadewaro
3. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
4. Allama Dr. Muhammad Iqbal
5. Mualana Muhammad Ali Johar
6. Allama I.I. Qazi

III-
1. Impact of Muslim Political Thinkers on Indian Muslims

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Ahmed Zai-ur-Rehman, Pakistan Studies in Focus, Lahore: Nishan Publishers, 1976.
2. Prof. Awan, Mohd Tariq, History of India & Pakistan, Volumes. I and II, Lahore: Feroze sons, 1991 and
1994.
3. Bari, Syed Mansursul, Pakistan Studies, Karachi: Rehber Publishers, 1993.
4. Ikram, S.M., Dr., Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan, Lahore: Institute of Islamic Culture,
1997.
5. Rabbani, M. Ikram, A Comprehensive Book of Pakistan Studies, Lahore: The Caravan Book House, 1989.
6. Siddiqui, Habibullah, Allama I.I. Qazi: A Scholar Missionary of Islam & Architect of University
(Education in Sindh 1886-1968), Jamshoro: Pakistan Study Centre, University of Sindh, 1989.
7. Qureshi, Waheed, Dr., Ideological Foundation of Pakistan, Lahore: Islamic Book Foundation, 1987.
8. Allana, G., Our Freedom Fighters, Karachi: Paradise Subscription Agency, nd.
9. Sayed, G.M., Janab Guzariam Jin Seen, Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board, 1979.
***THE END***

39
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO
BUREAUCRACY, MILITARY AND POLITICAL SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN (OPTIONAL)
M.A.(FINAL) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-609 PAPER-V(a) 2NDSEMESTER

Introduction
The bureaucracy and the military have had tremendous effect upon the politics of Pakistan. This
course is meant to study the causes of this and what effects it has had on the politics, economy and
culture of Pakistan. Students will be taught the various theories about the increased influence of these
elites in developing countries and then, in the light of these theoretical perspectives, the nature of these
elites and how they influence politics. The specific issues to be covered are as follows:

I. BUREAUCRACY
a. Concepts of bureaucracy; historical background: colonial heritage
b. Organization, characteristics, recruitment patterns, training and tradition, structure and working
c. The role of the bureaucracy in the political system of Pakistan in different phases
d. Patterns of bureaucratic influences and intervention in the political system of Pakistan.

II MILITARY

a. The military under the British-Indian administration: its origin and role; civil military relations; the
recruitment policy
b. Heritage in 1947; reorganization and administrative problems.
c. The military in Pakistan: Organizational growth in decades; professional ethics; recruitment policy
and training; security imperatives and defense expenditures.
d. Military and national development: the military’s assistance to civil administration for promoting
public welfare and development projects; internal security and law and order
e. The military in politics
(i) Its expansion and role specialization
(ii) Specific circumstances leading to various military takeover in Pakistan.
f. Military regimes in Pakistan.
a) An evaluation of their performance
b) Transition from military to civilian rule

g. The military’s role and influence after withdrawal from power

Books Recommended:
1. Birkhead, Guthrie S. 1966. Administrative Problems in Pakistan. Syracuse: Syracuse University
Press.
2. Cohen, S.P.1998. The Pakistan Army. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
3. Cohen, Stephen P. 2004. The Idea of Pakistan. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institute.

40
Govt. of Pakistan. 1960. The Municipal Administration Ordinance. Islamabad: Ministry of Interior.
Haq, Izharul & Afzal, M. 1964.Basic Democracies in Multan District; Annual Report, 1963-64. Lahore:
Government of the Punjab.
Inayatullah. 1997. State and Democracy in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
Bafra, Nasir Raza. 1982. The Local Government System in Pakisstan. Islamabad: UNICEF Office.
Jalal, Ayesha 1991. The State of Martial Rule: The Origins of Pakistan’s political Economy of Defense.
Lahore: Vanguard.
Jalal, Ayesha. 1995. Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel.
Jami, Hafiz S.D. 1997.Police Crime and Politics.Lahore: Vanguard Books.
Kennedy, Charles. H. 1987. Bureaucracy in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Khan Shahrukh. 2007. Initiating Devolution. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Khan, Jamil ur Rehman. 1987. Pakistan Government and Administration in Pakistan. Islamabad:
Pakistan Public Administration Centre.
Khan, Shoaib Sultan. 1976. Rise and Fall of Basic Democracies: A Case study. Islamabad: Ministry of
Local Government and Rural Development, Govt. of Pakistan.
Nawaz, Shuja. 2008. Crossed Swords: Pakistan, its Army and the Wars Within. Karachi: Oxford
University Press.
Rizvi,Hasan Askari. 1986. The Military and Politics in Pakistan 1947-1986. Lahore: Progressive Papers.
Wallis, Malcolm. 1991. Bureaucracy: Its Role in Third World Development. London: Macmillan.
Yong, Tan Tai. 2005. The Garrison State. Lahore: Vanguard.

*** THE END ***

41
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO

MYSTICAL HERITAGE OF PAKISTAN [SUFI POETRY] (OPTIONAL)

M.A.(FINAL) PAKISTAN STUDIES

COURSE NO.PSC-609 PAPER-V(b) 2NDSEMESTER

Introduction:
The Sufis sang of the divine love and grace and most of the people in Pakistan were converted to
Islam under the influence of their teachings transmitted through the subtle medium of poetry. Sufi poetry
is one of the most fascinating aspects of Pakistani folklore. The Sufis wrote in highly cultivated
languages like Persian and Urdu as well as in the regional languages and dialects. These local variations
on the theme of universal Sufi love, constitute the subject of this course.

SUFI POETRY

1. Origin
2. Growth

SUBJECTS OF SUFI POETRY

- Message of Love and Peace

SUFI POETS OF PAKISTAN

1- Khushal Khan Khattak

2- Bullhe Shah
3- Main Muhammad Bakhsh
4- Waris Shah
5- Sultan Bahu
6- Madhu Laal Hussain
7- Khowaja Ghulam Fareed
8- Sachal Sarmast
9- Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai
10- Shah Abdul Karim of Bulri
11- Shah Inat
12- Khowaja Muhammad Zaman of Lanwari
13- Jalaluddin Rumi
14- Shah Inayat Shaheed
15- Mokhdoom Bilawal

IMPACT ON COMMON PEOPLE

42
Books Recommended:
1. Ahmad Aziz. 1969. An Intellectual History of Islam in India. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Ahmad, Syed Nazar (ed). 1976. Kalam Bulleh Shah. Lahore: Packages.
Attar, Farid al-Din.1990.[1966] Muslim Saints and Mystics: Episodes from Tadhkirat al-Auliya’
trans.A.J.Arberry. London: Arkana.
Enevoldsen, Jens. 1907. Selection from Rehman Baba. Herning, Denmark: Paul Kristensen.
Lewisohn, Leonard and Christopher Shackle (ed.). 2006. Attar and the Persian Sufi Tradition. New
York: I.B. Tauris Publishers.
Rahman, Tariq (ed). 1995. Mystic Poets of Pakistan. Islamabad: Pakistan Academy of Letters.
Schimmel, Annemarie. 1963. Gabriel’s Wing: A Study into the Religious Ideas of Sir Muhammad Iqbal.
Lahore: Iqbal Academy.
Schimmel, Annemarie. 1975. Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina
Press.
Shackle, Christopher. 1983. Fifty Poems of Khawaja Farid. Multan: Basm-e-Saqafat.
Subhan, John A. 1960.Sufiism: Its Saints and Shrines. Lucknow: Lucknow Publishing House.
Syed, Najam Husain. 1978. Recurrent Patterns in Punjabi Poetry. Lahore: Punjab Adabi Markaz.
Triminghan, J.S.1971. The Sufi Orders in Islam. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

43
 PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO
TERM PAPER

COURSE NO.PSC-609 PAPER-V(c) 2NDSEMESTER

RESEARCH ON A TOPIC RELATED TO

PAKISTAN STUDIES

TO BE SELECTED BY THE STUDENTS OF M.A.[FINAL]

44