HAYKA UM OBPA3OBAHHE, 2006, J YAK 82 (091) (4/10) Jipyrve upp! + TPAAHWHA H THHOAOPHA *kanpa MonTesH .A. Toronena Hodnsmet meopemuneckue npobrembt Kaaccupuxayuu u munoxozuu danmesu, onpederenua ee mecma @ auposol aumepamype. Taxoce paccmampueaemca ucmopua cmanoanenua u pascumua dpoumesu Kak oeanpa. In this article are examined the theoretical issues of classification and typology of fantasy and its place in the world literature. Also the article covers the history of appearing development of fantasy as the genre. Coppemeniaa wayka 0 susTeparype He Mower uperesoRaTs Ha noaKOe onMcaHNe Mupa nosTHYe- coro ueKycctea Ges BkONeHUA B cihepy caoero SHMMAHII TAKHX ANHAMHSHO H GbICTpO pasBHBAKO- uxea 2KaHpon, KK HaysHaa darractuKa (HD) 1 gonresn. Anropsi H® u donrest yrnekaior uirrareneii 8 Mp 3a MpezenaMH MpHBBIYHOTO OOpaza 2USHH H peanuii cospementioit kynbtypst. Onn mpemtararoT saranyTs B Gyayulee, O4YTHTECA Ha APyFOM KONE BCOMEHHON H CTATS CBHLETEICM MEATATAKTHYCCKHX, oii sim 2Ke OGpaTHTEca B mpouMoe, HonacTs B TapANCABHLIe MUPAI, OKYTAHHBIE ALIMKOH MIX OB Ht serena. B nocnensee apems crow ocoGo oTmeTHT» poct wirepeca K mpowseemeHHaM doutes, KoTopas, ABIACTCA MOSIONBIM 2XaHPOM TIO CPaBHeHHIO ¢ Hay’ Holt PanracTuKoit, NO K AaHHOMy MoMeHTY cpaBiia- sack ¢ H® no seay apropos, nountateneii, a coor- BCICTACHHO, HO ReNHUHHe BOInelicTBHA Ha CoRpe- NeHHyiO sMTaTeMBcKYIO ayassTOpHiO. B conpemen- Nom AuTeparyponeveHHH DoHTeSH TaKKe IaBOCBEI- saet acé Gonbure cTOpoHHHKoR. B 3TOM mutase sapy- Gexnas anreparypuas KpHTHKa OKASANACe HeCKOMb- xo stiepeau oTeecTBeHHOli, OGparHautcli cepaesHoe PHUMAHHe Ha JaHHBIii %aKP MMW B MIpenenax no- cneanero mecaTHsIeTH, Cranopaenme dontesm Kak %kaNpa nponcxoait0 nenpocro. jlo cHx nop cymiecrByior pasHornacus 10 NOBOAY MHOTHX KOHOMERKIX BONPOCOB, TAKHX Kak opmysMposka, BOIHUKHOBeHHe, COOTHOMICHHe ¢ APYTHMIE KAKPAMH, OCOGeHHO CO CMEXKHGIM 2kaPOM H®. Bnpowem, onpesencnHo MoxHO OTMCTHTb HECKOMBKO MOMCHTOB. Thapnbimit HCTOURHKAMH 2kaNpa MOKHO CHHTATS cKaWUNABCKHA HM KeabTeKHi donbKAOp, TaKKe donresn anutana B ceGa crappie avrepatypHnie TOFONIEBA Caitapa Anaroanestia ~ cr. nperonana- ‘em Gakyasrera MHOCTpAHBIEIX sEsKOD ATY. | FAYKA H OBPA2OBANIHE, 2006, ¥3 TPAAMUMH ~ repoMYecKoro sOca, BOALIEGHOF CKAI- Ku, pbillapcKoro H roTHYecKoro pomaHa, HCTOpHYe~ cKOrO H aBAHTIOpHOrO ‘Kapa, He MeKMOYAR H TPa- AMUN poarTa3ma. Xapakrepuoim suit (ouTes, ocoGento Ana pantieli cro craauH, aanaeTea GopbGa cu 3a c cunawn Jlo6pa. B nelictane Moryr OstTb RopMeYeHbI GOKCCTACHHBIC CHIBI H MpHBCHCHBT AONOAMHTeALUBIE YCROBHS, HANPUMEp, MATH. Tlo nonoay opMyanpoaKH 1 onpexeneHus 2aH- Pa cyulecTRyeT MHOKecTRO MHCHHi, He Bcerma cxOKUX ApyF c apyro. K npumepy, MHOrHe KPHTH- Ki He IPHSHAIOT STOT 2KAHP, CUHTAN CTO PASHOBHA- HocTBIO Hay4Holt cbanracTHKn. AmepHancknii xpirnk [Murep Hakone, oa ubcii penakuneli Ke HECKONBKHMM. H3AaHHLAMO aRINYUIeHA Ke MpescraBnsioT coGoit orpanmuentioe cyANCHHE, BSTNAL HO OAHHM yrioM. HecomHeHHoti MOXKHO MIHBHATb TecHyIO cBAIH MEKAY HaysHOF qhanractuxoit u Genres, Ho 9Ta CXOKeCTS HUIS nonepxuoctuas. 2Kaupsi HMeiOT pawinuHyIo OcHORY, dontean yxonut KOpHAMH B Gonee Apentitte pemcHa TPCHECKHX MHOB H CPeRHBCKOBHIX POMAHOB, K Tomy 2Ke B OTAHUHe OF (paHTacTUKH OTpHUAeT Hayu- nylo napagurmy H, HanpoTue, BLipwkact Tary en0- eka K HCTOKaM, MpHpone, TaHHCTBHHOMY, BOTLTO- lla MeuTy YenoReKA O MUpe IHYHO! cBOGOABL. Don- TES ABIIICTCA OROMIBHO eMOKPATHYHBIM kaHpOM, He YIPYANAIOUIHM ceGs NpHYHHHO-cnexCTBCHALIMH cBs3aMH c HaCTOAUINM, He MPopoya anTacTHIecKOe Gyayuiee, # GonbusuucrBe cay4aes nonecrayer 0 JABHO MHHYBIIHX CABHEIX DHX. 85TOrOJEBA Tax, T. Ycpunmiesa nasipaer doures «ase- TepMuUKUpOBAHHO! MogenbIO zelicTBHTenbHOCTH, TOBCCTBOBAKHEM CKAIONHOFO THT CO MHOTHMI Tocbinkami>, urponoii darractuKoit [6]. Onn 13 naBccTHBIX «ianTacTHYecKHx» KpHTHKOB B. PoH4a- poR OrMeuaer, 4To GoHTesH, «B OTAMYE OT MaTe- puamctuueckoii HayyHoll auractuKH, onNcbIBacT MHpOSAaHHe C NOIMUNi OOBeKTHBHOFO HeATHSMa> [4]. T. Typeany ornocur gontesn « «nenay4noii (panractuke>, a npotuAonec Hay4Holi, OGLexNHSs, TakHM O6pasom, B OAHOM OMpeenenHH pasmuuese >2xaph 1 Hanpapnenms [5]. Muoroe Tantca 1 8 cburype riapuioro repos, co- BepulicHo OTTHNHOI OT repos H® — yseHoro, 130- Gperarens, uecnezonarens. Kro Gxt on HH Onin — Mar, BOHH, 9b) HAH OGLIVHBII MenOBeK, UMCHHO B uéM SaKiO¥eHa CyT’ MpoTHBONOCTaBACHHA MHpOB qouresn u Haysnoli hantactuKn, Camo Bpema ROSHHKHOBCHHA GoHTeI MoxHO A9BaTb NepenOMUBIM WIA hanTACTHKH B LenOM. B nepsoii nonopHne XX B. Haysnas dbaTacTHKa yake HOMHOCTHIO YraepaNAach KAK 7KAHP, BOHUKIIMIE Ha Pocrkax Beka IIpocBeULeHHA H BCeACTBHe Hay4HO- TexHMYeckoro Mporpecca. K 3TOMy BpeMeH OTHO- wenne K He, suayane Hastipapuiciica «Hay4ibim POMaHOM» c nerKoii pykn 2Kiona Bepua, HecKombKO HsweniuI0cs. BomBUIMe OKNAAHHA OT HaCTYTMBILERO Beka BCIMKHX Hay¥HBIX cRepuleHHii OGepHyance PasoNaPOBAHHEM —BCNENCTBHE — MHOFOUMCHCHHDIX Bolla, KaTacTpod, ucnbITaHHii opyaMs MaccoBoro TopaxcHis, Tem caMBIM MogroToRHE HOWBy ja BOSHHKHOBeHHS HOBOTO *kaHIpa. Oraenbusie mponspeeHns, npamo 11H KOCREHHO OTHOCAUIHECH K HAKHOMY 2Aupy, CTA MOABAATECA 2 1920-30 rr. Takum 06pasom, MokKHO OnpeseMHT, ro onresH Hayasia opmuponareca Ha pySexe XIX = XX x. Cpeam npeautectseHHuKos, oKasa5- IIWX BIMAHHE Ha CTAHOBNeHMe 2KaNpAa, MOKHO Ha- anath TAKHX apropos, KaK X. Yoanion, Y. Moppuc, Dos. 5. Ku6ena u 9. Baexeya, B ganbeiiuem paspnTHH QoHTe3H MOKHO BBI- SBIT HECKOABKO TeHeHHI H FpynH, OCcHOBLIBAICE Ha HEKOTOPEIX TIONOKEHHSX KAK OTEUECTBCHHBIX, TAK H sapyOekHLIx Hecnezopateneli. OcHomaTeasMn (poHTe- 3H CHHTAIOTCR Re FPYNMI ABTOPOR, KOTOPHIC Mpes- (CTaBILAOT aMepHKaHcKyiO H 6pHTAHICKy}0 WIKOMBL K amepukanckoli rpynine npHistto OTHOCHTE Ta KHX MacTepos 2kanpa, Kak PoSepr Mppux Fosapa, Kaapx Surton Cur w Tosapa pain Jlanxpar. Canoii snaunmoit dburypoii cpean uHx spasercs PH. Tosapa ~ cosmatests onHOrO 13 caMBIX H3BeCT- nuix repoen, Gecetpaunoro Koxana-pappapa. Takum oGpasom, Fosapa cran OcHopatenem wes0ro HanpaB- JHU, Tak HasbinaeMoii reponeckoit GoHTesH, 86 uMeputeii Hemano rocneqopateneii, K npumepy, TaKux kak Maik Mypkox 4 ap. Cnapy 4 nonyasp- nots Topapay mpnvecn nponspencuna, moces- LIeHHBIe AbIMBILUTEHHOM —CTOpAH slereHAapHBIX upon — Ataautiasi, Jlemypun, Kummepui. Tacxe OH HAMHCaN HecKONEKO WKKIOR paccKasoB H NoBec- Teli 0 mocneaHem ataante Kopone Kyauie, Boxae nuxros MakMopue 4 ap. Kouan-kummepxeu cram TO.UIMHHEIM WIOIOM OFpOMHOli apMHH TOKIOHHE- KoB, 1 ocme CMepTH aBTOpa Neperxkrst BTOPOE POrk- AeuHe cnycTa ARAMUaTb ser, B cepenuHe 50-x. B HACTOSUIHii MOMCHT H37aHO Gonee 100 pomaHOB 1 nionecteii 0 Kovane, antopam KOTOpsIX sBnsoTcs ACCATKH AMCPHKAHCKHX, aUTIMliCKHX, KAHAICKHX axe BocTounOcEponeiicKHX nucaTencii. Apyroii npestcrautens amepukanckoii wxosb — K.9. Cant Hansean He Tak MHOTO, HECKOMBKO s1e- CATKOR pacckaion, NocRaLieHHBX AtnaHTHe, 30- TuKy, ABCpOHHH H pyriM TAMHCTRCHHBIM: MHpaN. TeM He McHce, 0 CBHACTENBCTBAM KPHTHKOB, OF 6bin HanGonee OnapeHHbIM MHcaTesIeM, ero paGorBt oranvan counbili MeTapopHuHbiii A3bIK. B ommmane oT BbIUIcynoMaHyTEIX nucatencii, TH, Jlasxpapt 8 cpoem Taopectse onupanca Ha Mpanoparbie mpousaenenua Qarapa To. Tepon Jlapkpara nctynawot 6 Gecnomannyio Goppoy ¢ YKACHIMH MopoxeHHMH MpaKa. Kpynueiince npompegenne Jlaakpapra — «Mupst Crysuxy> — cTanO KpaeyronbHBIM KaMHeM WemOTo cyOxKaHpa — xopop (‘horror’), BAOXHOBHE MHOTHX nocmenOBATe- eit, MpHsHaBUINX NUcATesA CROHM YUHTETEM, B. Oputarickyio rpyriny ocHoRononoxHHKoB gonrem tawKe BxosaT Tpoe mcareseli, TecHo CBAGAHHDIX 2PYKECKHMH H DYXOBHBIMH Y3aMH — 9TO Kaaiie Crefinag JIsonc, Yapns Yunname u Jpxox Ponauba Pyon Tonknt. Tisiouc Bowen B HcTOpHIO MpEkAe BCCrO KaK cosgatenb jeTCKOi oHTeIH, HaNHcaB sHaMcHITEIi nukn «Xpounkn Hapxuuy, npowsnenenne, esiep- 2KAHHOC B AYXe TPARMUMONHO!t anrnHicKOit CKA3KEH. On cosnan RonuteSuntii Mup, B KOTOpsii onajaroT JeTH H3 CORpeMcHHO! AHTuMM 1 TlepexHBAKOT ce- Pio yaMBHTeNbHBIX NpUKMONeHHIt Pomaubt YusbaMca Hacbiuenb (buocopeKunn 1 PeAHTHOSHDIMH MOTHBAMH HB OCHOBHOM TlOCBS- utes! GopsGe auoseli 3a OGnanaHHe HeKHM Marn- MECKHMH TIpeAMCTAMH, COCOGHBIMH PeELIHTb cystb- 6y Mupa, TaKHx, KaK Yama Cratoro Ppaans, kopora uaps Conomona miu cBsutennite Kaptit Tapo, Ho novctune Hacrosumm Gymom oGepHyzace nyOnnkauua B cepeaune 50-x rr. pomatia «Buacte- JIMH KONCU>, CAMOFO SHAMCHHTOFO NPOHIBEACHHA B axaupe (poHTesH, cragwero Hactomuel BuGnueil BCEX NOKOHHHKOB 2KaHpa. ABTOPOM ulemeBpa ABA HAYKA H OBPA30BAHME, 2006,APYTME MHPbI erca mpoteccop anrmocakconcKoit sanTepatyppt Oxeopuckoro yunpepeurera Jbx.P.P. Toni. Ero cara ~ 9T0 OTHNeCKOe MORECTROBAHHE 0 CTOMKHORC- uu cst Caera ToMbl, OcHORaHHOe HA KENBTCKHX, CKAHAUMABCKHX Ws ApeBHerepMancKHX Mupax. Pe- uaioulyio poms 8 Heit cKirpan TporaTesbHBtit, 3a- Gapiii xoOGuT — ManeHBKHii HenOBeHeK, omLe- THopsIOMHiL CoGoii O6pas «MaseHEKOrO» HenOReKA, HecyuuMit Ha CBOHX MIe4ax rpy3 OTBETCTBCHHOCTH sa cyabOy supa. Bepa 3a ocnony apyroii meron kaaccndukauun ‘Kana, cHeAYCT OTMETHT gencHHe hoNTeS Ha PANHYHBLe TeHeHIA 1 HO;KAnPL «Buicokas» onnueckas doutesn (‘high fantasy’) anaetea HanGonee RocrpeGoRannoil u unTaemoil, OTIMNAETCA BHUMAHHEM K TICHXONOrHuECKOH LOCTO- BepHocTH MocTyMKOB Mm XapaKTepoB repoes; cro aBTOpbI CKPyNysIesHo COsmaioT cHoii Mup, ctapasce JonOMMNTs cro AOMOAUHTeNBHBIMK aTpHOyTaMn: xapTamit, posocHOBHDIMH, HeTOpHeli HT... K oToMy revenmio (He c4untas ononen ToaKnia) MoxHO ormectu Ypeyny Jie TyuH ¢ e& yanekarensunim ponaiom «Bonmiedunx 3emHomopss»; Tepp Bpyk- ca, apTopa Geercennepa «Mex Ulanapsr> u «Xpo- unk Sasemeabs>; Tana Yusbsmca 4 cro TpHsIOrHO aware, rope 4 tepunu; J>enza Ianurca 4 ero ponant — camoe onynspHoe ¢aractueckoe npowsRezcHHe 8 Awepake 90-x rr Tepomueckaa dboutean He w06uayer neuxono- TIMECKHMH XapaKTepaMMt H KOWIH3HAMIE, €& CIOKET- as MEM AOBonbHa Npocta. Kpome Muorouncaen- six nonectsonannii o Kowane-aprape, caeayet ormetuT ynomsnytoro paxee Maiikna MypkoKa — apTopa rHranTeKoro uHKIa «Beunbiii noGexuTen>, BkMONAIOUIETO B CeGH HECKOBKO ECATKOB poMa- Hop H MlOBecTeii, MPHKMOYeHHA BOMMA-KonAyHA Keiina, paGort: Kapaa Sasapna Baruepa, a TawKe nousirH Mory4ero cenepanuna Bpaka, nepcouaxa Texona Jbxetixca Tak Hasbipaemas aercKas onTesn otaMuaeTcs ocoGKIM CKASONHO-HAIHATEABUBIM OTTCHKOM. Ca- MuIM H3BeCTHEIM aBTOpOM sBAReTea nae Mop Hoptox, uapectHas nox ricesaoHuMom Auape Hop- Tos, HanGonsiueli nonyaspHoctbIo nosbsyerca c& uka «Mup peas». Ha conpemennbix apropor nonyaspror Tarpamna Maxxsum (tpusiorua <3a- rua snes»), Jbxeiin Foren, nancapuian Gone 100 poanion H nopecteli, a Take JLno¥ia Anexcan- sep («Xponnen IIpaiinena»). OmnocopeKas houres Gaw3Ka K TPaAMUHAM IH TeparypHol CKa3KH-npHTaH, HaHGonee SaMeTHBIMH antopawnt apnsiotes Mepaun Tux (rpunorua ). Oxeh mHoronuKa HctopHeckas poHTesn, clo- 2KeT NpOUIBeAeHHH OCHOBAH HA PeambibIX HCTOPH- MeCKHX COBBITHAX H ComponoxyaeTca HeRepOsTHBI- MM ROAUICOHDIMH MpOHCWeCTRHAMH, K MIpHMepy, poman Tuma Tlayopea « Hm UHKA «Xponnikn rpada Cex-Kepmena» Yencu K. Sip6po. B Hekoropsix pomarax aeiicrsve mponcxonuT B ANBTePHATHBHBIX MUpAX, Fe HeTOpHYECKOe pasBHt- THe MOULIO HHBIM nyTeM, HanpuMep, uMKA OpcoHa C. Kapa «Xponuxn Qubonnay 0 tpustoraa Pappy Tappcona «Moaor u pect». B apyrux cayyasx Geperca Kakoe-u60 peamsHoe coOsTHe waH m4 wocts (sanpuMmep, Koponb Apryp) H rlonectBoBaNKe negeTes 110 aHaOry xakpa HcTOpH'iecKoro pomana € HesHAUUTERBHBIMM MarHHecKHMH onemeHTasm, K TAKHM MPOWIRCAeHHIM MOXKHO OTHECTH neHTaNO- ruto Mapu Crioapr, a rake poman Mopuon Bpsm «Tymannt Aranonay. Huo- Ta Coalaeres TUIATeAHO CTHIMGORAHHAA nceBAO- HcTOpHs, KaK B oTioniee «XpounKn Jepunn» Karpin Kepru. OaHuM H3 nonysipHeliumx oTpeTaIcHHii -aH- pa B mocnerHee BpeMs cTaa IOMOpHcTHNeCKas onre3H, poaonauanbuuKom Koropoii Gxu1 JI. Cuper ge Kamn, nanucapumii » 40-x rr. copmectHo c ©, Tlpotrom Tpuzormo «, MpoNMYecKH MOBECTBY!OLIyIO © Yaponee- camoyake. Bropoe poxnenne xKaHpa MpoHZ0ULIO B 70-x Fr, Kora MOABKIHCe npousBeqeHus Tupca Duron, PoSepra Acnpana u Teppn Hparserra, ei unkn <[L1ockwii MHp» caenan apropa KyaBTo- Bolt burypoit mupe dorTesst. Hexotopsie mpousneenust MOxKHO OTHECTH K «uaysnoit pouTesD>, KaK Get NapamOKCambHO ITO Hit aBysao, B HX ROALICOHBIC COOKITHA pasBopaunEa- loTes Ha (Poue, HMeIoT peadHoe OOBACHeHNE HAH 2Ke He ABAMOTCA MarHeli, XOTh H BEITAALAT TAKORO!. Dror NowkANp MOKHO HasBaTs FHGPHAOM, HeKHM OMCUIEHHeM 2Kaupa oHTesH ¢ Hay¥HOi dpantactu- Koil. K ero aBTopam MOxKHO OTHECTH ORONO Gomburoe KoAMUECTBO MHCaTeReHi, CMCNO BBOARIINX oneMeHTaI RoAUIeGeTRA B HaysHO~banTactHuecKoe TOBCCTBORAHHE, TaKUX Kak Iu Makkappu, Mapce- aoc Jian, Joxynnas Moit, Kpucrodepa Crauredypa, exon Kon960n u ap. B aononienme K mpexioxcHHBIM BapHartam knaccupukanum MoxHO n0GaBHTs euxs oaHy Teo- pmo pasnencHus 2anpa SaHTeaH Ha My”KCKYIO H 2KeHEKYI0. Aarnoe aenenne ocHonsipactes Ha TOM daKre, MTOM TOM 2AHPe MHOTO 3aMeTHDIX aBTOpOB- 87TOrouEBA 2KCHIUNH, OCOBeHHO B cpanHeHHH c HaysHoii paxTa- cTHKoH. OcHoBLiBasch Ha GuOsMOrpadmuecKHx ceewennax, KaK yrnepaaer KpuTHK M.C. Tanna, 2KCHLNMUEL COCTaBAAIOT MpuMepHO 13% oT yHcna o6utero Konmuectsa cpanractos XX 8., Ho NHcaTestD- HWM, HAMHCaBUMX XOTA GEL OAHO MpoHIBEMCHHE B xxanpe Gonresi, ya 23%, 10 ect nouTH eTREPTE. Mave ronops, ecu B akaupe dpoutesn paGoran Kaxx- Abii TpeTHii m3 MyacunE. Tiponsnenenns dborresi a ucriomHenHH aBTopoR- MYKUHH OTAMYAIOTeA GonbUlelt CTpykTypHpoRAHHO- CTH, HepapxHMocTHIo, KaK y TomKuNa, HIM 2Ke arpeccusocrsio, npaMonnueiinoctbio, Kak y To- Bapaa, B paGorax, HarnMcaHbix 2eHUMMHAMH, HeT CrpyktypuposanHoit BacTHOHt CHCTeMEI, a BOIMOXK- HOCTH repos He GecnperembuEl, Aeck repoll uae Mar H rymanmer, Kak y Y.Jle 'yuu wan M. Crap. Hecmorps 1a to, 4ro maHHoe aencHHe BecBMa Yc- JOBHO HM HE MOXCT HOAXOAHTS B cra mpoueHrax caysaen, ero HecoMHeHHO caeayeT OpaTh BO BUH- Manie HM Y4HTbIBAT’ ANA HaHGonee MOMHOTO BOC- purus 2anpa. K gannomy Momenty xxanpst @ouTesH M Hay4HOlt Panractuxn, npoiina nepHoa craHoBneHus, mpo- OWKAIOT pasBHBATKCH, TIPCTepHeBas YAMBUTCHEEBC MeTaMop(posbl, HO He Tepss, BMPOeM, CROeTO KOO- pura. Takoii usrexcupnsiii poct 4 paseuTue oby- CHOBNCHEI BBICOKOi BOCTpeGoBaHHOCTBIO y Macco- Boro 4HTaresa. Caeayer otmetuts 1 HeKoTopme oTpHuarerbHBie MOMEHTBI, MELIAIOUINe OOBCKTABHOMY BOCTIPHsTHIO TBopuectBa nucatencii~panractos. Orpomuas n10- TYspHOCT UMeeT Ht OGpaTHylo CTOpoHy: Macconas YBIEYeHHOCTS MHOFUMH OGbACHACTCA cyry6o par- BileKaTembHOli CyLIHOCTBIO, onpenenat aHHbIii xKaHp MO paspay «GyabpapHoro uTHBa>. Henbaa HagnaTb OTH OGBHHEHHA GecrowBeHHBIMH, TAK KaK mioGoii yerex npecneayerca pasmM4Horo pox crte- KYNSMISIM H «altTaMnoBKoib» OmHOOGpasHOrO Ma- TepHana. B urore HeKoTopsie MponsBeseHnA danTa- CToB, CHeAyA COBPeMCHHLIM BesHMSM, cTapaioTes YFOANTS BKyeaM MaccoBOro sHTaTeNs. Tem He MeHice, HeCMOTDs Ha 9TO ecTh Macca TeX, kro HIeT HnaYe, He Bosch OBHHeHHiL B MHpanTH- ANGMe H TBOPYeCKOH HecocTOsTeNBHOCTH, 3aLITIa- eT cBoe JOGpoe uma H peaGuautmpyer anTactuKy. JIureparypa 1. Faquna M.C. Astopexax ustepnperauia coppe- entoro muta / OHC. ~ 1998. — Ne6. - C. 176-186. 2. Teeopean 3. @axtracruxa 1997: 4ro moKasao nexpstrue // JlurepatypHoe oGospenne. ~ 1998. — Nel. C.91-98. 3. Tonapos B. Pycckaa ontesH — psiGop myth / Een. ~ 1998. ~C. 216. 4. Fypeous P. Yo raKoe dpanracTuKa u KaK €¢ HOH Mar»? // Jureparypnas yueGa. ~ 1981 5. Yepuenuesa T. Tipupoaa dawtactuxit. 1984. 6. Hponn B. Mopdosorus «sonueSuoii» exaskit. Me- ToputieckHe KOpHHt BOsLeGHOI cKasKH. —M., 1998, 7. Banabyxa A. Boceratne Maros, wan Stiomut 3 remusix Towax // Tlepywos H. 3emaa 6e3 panocty. — C. 503-521 8. BapyOeacnoie nucatenu. BuGiMorpaduseckui cxo- saps. B24. U1. AL / Thon. pea. H.IT. Muxastscxoii. — M.: Yue6. aur., 1997. 476 c.; 4.2. M-Sl. M.: Yae6. surr., 1997, 9, Mugbonocua. Bombuioit anustkronennvecknit cxosap> 1Ta. pea. EM. Meseruncxuii. — M., 1998. — 4-¢ usie. 10. Haymenxo H. Byzem ur ~ Gyner harrracruxa! 11 Eesit, ~ 1999. - Ne 9. 11. Carpenter H. Tolkien J.R.R. A Biography. — 1995. -P, 137-138, 12. Heck P, Doors to other worlds: Trends in Science fiction and fantasy // Science Fiction and Fantasy Writer's Sourcebook. - N-Y., 1996. =P. 4-15. 13. Schlobin R.C. /In the looking glasses: The popular and cultural fantasy response // The cultural matrix for fantasy. —N-Y., 1989. ~P. 3-9. Mpxyrex, eee 88 HAYKA H OBPASOBAHHE, 2006, X