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A stance adverb expresses opinion (perhaps, apparently, maybe), evaluation (sadly,

unforunately, happily), or the particular circumstances under which the clause is being
spoken or written (frankly, briefly, confidentially).

Epistemic adverbs, like other markers of epistemic modality, are concerned with the


speaker's assessment of the truth value of the proposition. In other words, they
indicate that the speaker considers certain situations as possible, impossible, probable,
certain, or uncertain.

Attitude adverbs express the writer's attitude toward the state or action described in
the sentence. Attitude adverbs typically are placed before the subject of the sentence.
Some common attitude adverbs are fortunately, luckily, obviously, unfortunately, and
unluckily. Fortunately, nobody was hurt in the explosion.

The most commonly used attitude adverbs are: certainly, clearly, frankly, fortunately,
honestly, hopefully, incredibly, naturally, obviously, really, simply, surprisingly…

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