Morphilogical Derivation

This Assignment are Submitted to Fulfill the Requirements of English

phonetic and phonology

Lecture : Rika Dartiara, M.Pd

ARRANGED BY :

Putri Novita Sari : 21010552016

Siska Ulum Baitulrohmi : 2101051039

Yeni Agustin : 2101052019

THE 3 TH SEMESTER

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY

OF TEACHER AND EDUCATION INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (IAIN)

METRO 2022/2023
 FOREWORD

Praise be to God Almighty for giving the author the opportunity to complete this paper.
It is because of His grace and guidance that the author was able to complete the g paper entitled
Morphological Derivation.

This paper was prepared to fulfill the task of Rika Dartiara, M.Pd. Study Program. In
addition, the author also hopes that this paper can add insight for readers.

The author realizes that this paper is still far from perfect. Therefore, constructive
criticism and suggestions will be accepted by the author for the perfection of this paper.

Metro, 29 november 2022

Drafting Team
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover……………………………………………………………………………………………I

FOREWORD…………………………………………………………………………………..II

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………….....III

CHAPTER I

A. Background………………………………………………………………………………
B. Formulation Of The Problem………………………………………………………….
C. Purpose……………………………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER II

A. Definition Phonological rules……………….……………...............................................

B. …………………………. ……………………………………..
C. Example..............................................................................................................................
CHAPTER III

A. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………..
B. Sugestion………………………………………………………………………………….
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………...
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
In linguistics, morphological derivation is the process of forming a new word on
the basis of an existing word,e.g. happiness and unhappy from the root word happy, or
determination from determine. It often involves the addition of a morpheme in the form
of an affix, such as -ness, un-, and -ation in the preceding examples. Derivation stands
in contrast to the process of infflection, which means the formation of grammatical
variants of the same word, as with determine/determines/determining/determined.

B. Formulation Of The Problem

1. What is a Definition Morphology Derivational?
2. What is a Definition Derivation pattern?

C. Purpose
1. To know the definition Morphology Derivational
2. To know thw definition Derivation pattern?
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Definition Derivation
Derivational morphology is a process where one word is changed into another.
The process takes a word stem like ‘national’ and adds a prefix, suffix or infix to
make a new word such as ‘international’ or ‘nationality.’ The word fragments added
to the stem word are called morphemes, hence morphology. There are many common
morphemes in English. Such changes in derivational morphology are used to convert
nouns, adjectives and verbs into one another.
Using an existing word to make a new word is called derivation. The term occurs
because the meaning of the new word derivates from and away from the original
meaning. It is separate from inflection, which adds additional letters, not morphemes,
to a word to change its grammatical function. In this sense, changing ‘national’ to
‘nationalize’ is derivation, but turning ‘nationalize’ into ‘nationalizing’ or
‘nationalized’ is inflection and not derivation.

B. Derivation Pattern
Derivational morphology often involves the addition of a derivational suffix or
other affix. Such an affix usually applies to words of one lexical category (part of
speech) and changes them into words of another such category. For example, the
English derivational suffix -ly changes adjectives into adverbs (slow → slowly).
Examples of English derivational patterns and their suffixes:

• adjective-to-noun: -ness (slow → slowness)

When a word is given an affix, it changes its word class, for example, an adjective
to a noun.

• adjective-to-verb: -ise (modern → modernise) in British English or -ize (final →

finalize) in American English and Oxford spelling.
 When a word is given an affix, it changes its word class, for example, an adjective
to a verb.

• adjective-to-adverb: -ly (personal → personally)

When a word is given an affix, it changes its word class, for example, an adjective
to a adverb.

• noun-to-adjective: -al (recreation → recreational)

When a word is given an affix, it changes its word class, for example, an noun to
adjective.

• noun-to-verb: -fy (glory → glorify)

When a word is given an affix, it changes its word class, for example, an adject
noun to verb.

• verb-to-adjective: -able (drink → drinkable)

When a word is given an affix, it changes its word class, for example, an verb to
adjective.

• verb-to-noun (abstract): -ance (deliver → deliver-ance).

When a word is given an affix, it changes its word class, for example, an verb to
noun
.
• verb-to-noun (agent): -er (write → writer)
When a word is given an affix, it changes its word class, for example, an verb to
noun.

However, derivational affixes do not necessarily alter the lexical category; they
may merely change the meaning of the base, while leaving the category unchanged.
A prefix (write → re-write; lord → over-lord) will rarely change lexical category in
English. The prefix un- applies to adjectives (healthy → unhealthy) and some verbs
(do→ undo), but rarely to nouns. A few exceptions are the derivational prefixes en-
and be-. En- (em- before labials) is usually used as a transitive marker on verbs, but
can also be applied to adjectives and nouns to form transitive verbs: circle (verb) →
encircle (verb); but rich (adj) → en-rich (verb), large (adj) → enlarge (verb), rapture
(noun)→ enrapture (verb), slave (noun) → enslave (verb).
Derivation can also occur without any change of form, for example telephone
(noun) and to telephone. This is known as conversion, or zero derivation.
Derivation that results in a noun may be called nominalization. This may involve
the use of an affix (as with happy → happiness, employ → employee), or may occur
via conversion (as with the derivation of the noun run from the verb to run).
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. Conclusion
The last unit talked about inflection, which is one of the jobs that morphology can
do. The other big job that morphemes have is a derivation. The derivation is the process
of creating a new word. The new, derived word is related to the original word, but it has
some new component of meaning to it, and often it belongs to a new category.

One of the most common ways that English derives new words is by affixing a
derivational morpheme to a base. For example, if we start with a verb that describes an
action, like teach and we add the morpheme –er, we derive a morphologically complex
noun, teacher, that refers to the person who does the action of teaching. That same -er
morpheme does the same job in singer, dancer, baker, and writer.

B. Suggestion

Thus the paper that we have made, may be useful and increase the knowledge of
readers. We apologize if there are spelling errors in writing words and sentences that are
not clear, understandable, and straightforward. Because we are only human beings who
do not escape from mistakes. And we also really hope for suggestions and criticism from
readers for the perfection of this paper. We hope that our closings can be accepted in our
hearts and we thank you profusely.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://www.britannica.com/science/phonemics
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328412499_Phonological_Rules_Constraints_
and_Processes_A_Presentation_for_a_Course_in_Phonetics_and_Phonology_PhD_Pro
gram_First_Semester
https://poreoverthepages.wordpress.com/2016/05/31/7-types-of-phonological-rules/
https://www.britannica.com/science/phonetics/Phonological-rules
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287533440_Phonological_Rules