I.

Definition:

 The birth is spontaneous in onset and low risk at the start of labor and remains so throughout
labor and delivery.

 The infant is born spontaneously in the vertex position between 37 and 42 weeks of pregnancy.

 After birth, mother and infant are in good condition.

Normal labor usually begins within 2 weeks (before or after) the estimated delivery date. In a first
pregnancy, labor usually lasts 12 to 18 hours on average; subsequent labors are often shorter, averaging
6 to 8 hours. Labor begins with irregular uterine contractions of varying intensity; they apparently soften
(ripen) the cervix, which begins to efface and dilate. As labor progresses, contractions increase in
duration, intensity, and frequency.
Stages of labor

There are 3 stages of labor.

The 1st stage—from onset of labor to full dilation of the cervix (about 10 cm)—has 2 phases, latent and
active.

During the latent phase, irregular contractions become progressively coordinated, discomfort is minimal,
and the cervix effaces and dilates to 4 cm.

During the active phase, the cervix becomes fully dilated, and the presenting part descends well into the
midpelvis. On average, the active phase lasts 5 to 7 hours in nulliparas and 2 to 4 hours in multiparas.

The 2nd stage is the time from full cervical dilation to delivery of the fetus.

The 3rd stage of labor begins after delivery of the infant and ends with delivery of the

placenta. This stage usually lasts only a few minutes but may last up to 30 minutes.

II. Patients Profile

Name: Maricris Necid Campo
Address: Domang, Dupax Del Sur
Age: 36
Marital status: Married
Date of admission: May 28, 2023
 Chief Complaint: Abdominal pain
Final Diagnosis: G4P4 (4003) Cephalic Delivered Spontaneously to alive baby girln
III. S/sx:
-Abdominal pain
- 4cm cervical dilation

IV. pharmacological

1. HNBB (Hyoscine butylbromide) also known as buscupan is effective in significantly reducing the
duration of the first stage and used for abdominal pain.
2. Oxytocin used to induce labor or strengthen uterine contractions, or to control bleeding after
childbirth.
3. Mefenamic acid, used to relieve pain

v. Nursing intervention

During Labor

1. Check and monitor vital signs

2. Assess level, location, duration, intensity of pain.
3. Perform vaginal examination or IE to determine cervical effacement, fetal presentation and
position.
4. Check fetal heart rate by auscultate or using doppler.

After delivery

1. Check fundus of the uterus

2. Check and monitor vital signs

VI. Anaphy

Reproductive system: The female reproductive system consists of external genitalia, internal genitalia,
and accessory structures such as the mammary glands (breasts)

The female external genitalia are collectively called the vulva. They include the mons pubis, labia majora,
labia minora, fourchette, clitoris, vaginal vestibule, and perineum.

The labia majora are two folds of fatty tissue on each side of the vaginal vestibule. Many small glands
are located on the moist interior surface.
The labia minora are two thin, soft folds of tissue that are seen when the labia majora are separated.
Secretions from sebaceous glands in the labia are bactericidal to reduce infection and lubricate and
protect the skin of the vulva.

The perineum is a strong, muscular area between the vaginal opening and the anus. The elastic fibers
and connective tissue of the perineum allow stretching to permit the birth of the fetus.

The uterus (womb) is a hollow muscular organ in which a fertilized ovum is implanted.

Fetal growth:

- Over symphysis pubis at 12wks

- at the level of umbilicus at 20wks

- at the xiphoid process at 36wks