Common Pipe

Materials
1. Carbon Carbon content
Steels

a. Mild Steel 0.3%

b. Medium 0.3-0.6%
Carbon
Steels

c. High Over 0.6%

Carbon
Steels

Note:
 Low carbon steel is the most common industrial piping material
 Materials with 0.35% carbon becomes brittle
 Materials with 0.43% carbon are not weldable
 Grade refers to tensile strength of steel, Grade C having the highest strength
 Grade B permits higher carbon and manganese content than Grade A

2. Alloy Steels Content Characteristics

a. Nickel Steel 3.5-5 % nickel Nickel increases the toughness
and improve low temperature
properties up to -100 Deg
Celsius.

Nickel containing more than 5

% nickel increases resistance to
corrosion

b. Molybdenum Addition of 0.5% molybdenum Molybdenum provides strength

at elevated temperature.

Used to combined with

chromium and nickel.

Can be a replacement of
Tungsten to make high-speed
steel for high pressure tubing

c. Chromium Steel Addition of 9% chromium Chromium and Silicon improves

hardness and corrosion
resistance.

9% combats the oxidation at

high temperature and resists
corrosion from sulfur
 compounds.

Stainless steel contains at least

10.5% chromium

d. Chromium Vanadium Steel 0.15-0.25% vanadium

0.6-1.5% chromium
e. Tungsten Steel 13-19% tungsten Has property of red-hardness
1-2% vanadium (retains its cutting ability even
3-5% chromium at high temperature)
0.6-0.8% carbon

f. Manganese Steel 2-10% produce brittle steel Produces strong free machining
11-14% produce tough steel steels.

3. Stainless Common Chromium Nickel Carbon Molybdenum Characteristics

Steel Grade Content Content
a. Austenitic SS 18% 8% 0.08% Not
steel (200- 304(common) (max) recommendable
300 series) for temperature
between 400
and 900
degrees Celsius
SS 304L 18% 8% 0.03%(max)
SS 316 16% 10% 2% High resistance
to chemical and
salt water
corrosion
b. Ferritic Steel SS 12-18% 0.08-0.2% Magnetic
(400 series) 430(common)
Not hardenable
by heat
treatment
c. Martensitic SS 12-18% 0.1-1.2% Magnetic
Steel (400 410(common)
Series0 Can be heat
treated
d. Duplex SS SS 2205 18-28% 4.5- 2.5-4% Better than
(combination 8% Austenitic and
of Austenitic Ferritic steel in
and Ferritic) tensile and yield
strength

Note:
Austenitic SS are manufactured in accordance to ASTM A312 when 8” or smaller size are needed.
Austenitic SS are manufactures in accordance to ASTM A358 when 8” or up are needed
Austenitic SS, extra light wall thickness (Schedule 5S) and light wall thickness (Schedule 10S) are manufactures by
ASTM A409