EXPRESSION OF QUANTITY

COUNTABEL AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

COUNTABLE = BISA DIHITUNG

Countable noun digunakan untuk sesuatu yang dapat kita hitung menggunakan angka. Kata benda ini
memiliki bentuk tunggal dan jamak. Bentuk tunggalnya dapat menggunakan kata sandang "a" atau "an".
Jika ingin menanyakan jumlah countable noun, Anda bertanya How many diikuti dengan kata benda jamak
yang dapat dihitung.

Expression of quantity yang hanya diikuti oleh countable noun

a. One
b. Each
c. Every
d. Two (number)
e. Both
f. A couple of
g. A few
h. Several
i. Many
j. A number of

Regular Noun
Untuk mengubah bentuk tunggal ke jamak, hanya perlu menambahkan s/es

Plurals formed by adding -s

Singula Plura
r l
girl girls
root roots

Plurals formed by adding -es

Regular plurals are also formed by adding -es to words ending in -s, -x, -z, -ch, or -sh.
Singula
Plural
r
virus viruses
loss losses
ax axes

When a word ends in -ch but is pronounced with a k sound rather than a ch sound, the plural takes an -
s instead of an -es.
Singula
Plural
r
stomach stomachs

Plurals formed by changing -y to -ies

For words ending in a consonant followed by y, form the plural by changing -y to -ies.
Singula
Plural
r
baby babies
duty duties
Singula
Plural
r
army armies

Plurals formed by adding -es to -o

For nouns ending in a consonant followed by -o, plurals are often formed by adding -es.
Singula
Plural
r
volcano volcanoes
tomato tomatoes

However, there are exceptions, especially for nouns of foreign origin.

Singula
Plural
r
piano pianos
photo photos

Irregular Noun

Singula
Plural
r
woman women
foot feet
goose geese
louse lice
die dice

Plurals formed by changing -um  or -on to -a

Singular Plural
criterion criteria
curriculum curricula
medium media
phenomenon phenomena

Plurals formed by changing -us to -i

Singula
Plural
r
alumnus alumni
cactus cacti
fungus fungi
nucleus nuclei
stimulus stimuli

Plurals formed by changing -a to -ae

Singula
Plural
r
alga algae
amoeba amoebae
formula formulae
Plurals formed by changing -ix or -ex to -ices
Singular Plural
appendix appendices
cervix cervices
vertex vertices

Plurals formed by changing -f or -fe to -ves

Singula
Plural
r
knife knives
wife wives
leaf leaves
calf calves

Plurals formed by changing -is to -es

Singula
Plural
r
analysis analyses
basis bases
ellipsis ellipses

No change in plural spelling

Singula
Plural
r
moose moose
sheep sheep
species species

Nouns with both regular and irregular plurals

Singular Plural
octopus octopodes/octopuses/octopi
volcano volcanoes/volcanos
syllabus syllabi/syllabuses

UNCOUTABLE = TIDAK DAPAT DIHITUNG

Uncountable noun digunakan untuk sesuatu yang tidak bisa kita hitung menggunakan angka. Kata-kata ini
meliputi nama-nama untuk ide atau sifat yang abstrak atau benda fisik yang terlalu kecil untuk dihitung atau
tidak berbentuk (cairan, bubuk, gas, dsb.). Uncountable noun digunakan dengan kata kerja tunggal. Kata
benda ini biasanya tidak memiliki bentuk jamak.
Expression of quantity yang hanya diikuti oleh uncountable noun
a. A little
b. Much
c. A great deal of
NOTE!!!

Beberapa kata benda dapat dihitung dalam bahasa lain, tetapi tidak dapat dihitung dalam bahasa Inggris.
Kata-kata benda ini harus mengikuti aturan-aturan untuk uncountable noun. Beberapa kata yang sering
digunakan adalah: accommodation, advice, baggage, behavior, bread, furniture, information, luggage,
news, progress, traffic, travel, trouble, weather, dan work.

Sometimes, the same noun can be countable and uncountable, often with a change of meaning.

Countable Uncountable

The US dollar and pound sterling are important currency The expression gained wider currency after
currencies. 2001.

There are two hairs in my coffee! hair I don't have much hair.
Countable Uncountable

There are two lights in our bedroom. light Close the curtain. There's too much light!

Shhhhh! I thought I heard a noise. noise It's difficult to work when there is so much
There are so many different noises in the city. noise.

Have you got a paper to read? (newspaper) paper I want to draw a picture. Have you got some
Hand me those student papers. paper?

Our house has seven rooms. room Is there room for me to sit here?

We had a great time at the party. time Have you got time for a cup of coffee?
How many times have I told you no?

Macbeth is one of Shakespeare's greatest works. work I have no money. I need work!

QUIZ

1. Write c for countable and u for uncountable:

 
   time -         books -         sugar -        milk -        pens -        hair -         chairs - 
   meat -        butter -       pencils -      bread -      jam -        friends -      fingers - 
  flour -      apples -        oil -            cars -        salt -            houses -      cheese - 
  rice -         tea -        games -      tomatoes -     cream -      honey -        carrots - 
 
 
 a)  a / an + singular countable noun ( a pen, an apple)     some  + plural countable nouns - positive
sentences ( There are some cars)
                                                                                      some +  uncountable nouns - positive
sentences  ( There is some oil)     
any - we use any in negative sentences and in most questions.(countable and uncountable nouns)  I don't
have any pens. There isn't any salt.      
          
Do you have any sisters?

 
2. Choose a, an, some or any
 
a)  It is   dog.      

b) Have you got    friends?         

c)  I bought   milk.
 
d) Linda has not got   pets.     

e) There is   orange on the table.             

 f) Tim eats   cheese every day.

g) We don't have    bread.       

h) My brother found   money.                 

i) My sister found   pen.

 
j) Do you have   eggs?            

k) There are   students in the classroom.  

l) Is there   pencil on the desk?      

 b) how much - we use with uncountable nouns               how many - we use with countable
nouns.
 
 
 
3. Choose How  much or How many
 
a)    cheese do you buy?
 
b)   books are there in your bag?
 
c)   films did Tom see last week?
 
d)   money do you spend every week?
 
e)   friends does Linda have?
 
f)   sugar do we need?
 
g)   tomatoes are there in the fridge?
 
h)   meat are you going to buy?
 
i)   milk did you drink yesterday?
 
j)   apples do you see?

EXPRESSION OF QUANTITY

NOT ANY
Countable : There are not any biscuits left
Uncountable : There is not any water in the sink

NO
Countable : There are no animals in the park
Uncountable : There is no money in my purse

SOME
Countable : Some children play here on the weekend
Uncountable : There is some smoke coming from that house

A LOT OF
A lot of can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns,
A lot of is used in positive sentences
Countable : She has a lot of dogs
Uncountable : There’s a lot of traffic today

LOTS OF
Lot of can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns,
Lot of is used in positive sentences
LOTS OF sounds less formal than “A LOT OF”
Countable : Lots of women work here
Uncountable : She made us lots of coffee

PLENTY OF
Countable : There are plenty of bottles in the fridge
Uncountable : There is plenty of information in report

MOST
Countable : She keeps most of her books in the shelf
Uncountable : We spent the most time on the project

ALL
Countable : Who ate all the apples?
Uncountable : Jennifer is the one with all the experience

EXPRESSION FOR COUNTABLE NOUN

MANY
Many is used in positive form

FEW / A FEW
Few indicate a limited quantity
A Few indicate quantity or number

A LARGE

SEVERAL
QUIZ

EXPRESSION FOR UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

MUCH
Much is used in negative sentences and questions.
Much is rarely used in positive form

LITTLE / A LITTLE
Little indicate a limited quantity
A Little indicate quantity or number

A LARGE AMOUNT OF/A GREAT DEAL OF

QUIZ

QUIZ FOR EXPRESSION OF QUANTITY

1. There are a lot ... people here

a. Lots b. Of c. No
2. There were ... any bikes in the shop
a. Not b. All c. Plenty
3. ... of people come hiking here.
a. Most b. Plenty c. All
4. Some ... are in the garden
a. Of cats b. Cats c. Any cats
5. ... of birds drink from our birdbath.
a. Lots b. Lot c. A lot of