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OLEH:
NAMA: FADHELL MUH ANSYORI YAHYA
NIM : P3C121012
D3 TEKNIK MESIN
PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN VOKASI
UNIVERSITAS HALU OLEO
2023
4.1 Introduction
In engineering practice, the machine parts are subjected to various forces which
may be due to either one
1. Energy transmitted,
2. Weight of machine,
3. Frictional resistances,
The different forces acting on a machine part produces various types of stresses, which
will be discussed in this chapter.
4.2 Load
It is defined as any external force acting upon a machine part. The following
four types of the load are important from the subject point of view
1. Dead or steady load. A load is said to be a dead or steady load, when it does not
change in magnitude or direction.
2. Live or variable load.A load is said to be a live or variable load, when it changes
continually.
4. Impact load. A load is said to be an impact load, when it is applied with some initial
velocity.
Note: A machine part resists a dead load more easily than a live load and a live load
more easily than a shock load.
4.3 Stress
When some external system of forces or loads act on a body, the internal forces
(equal and opposite) are set up at various sections of the body, which resist the external
forces. This internal force per unit area at any section of the body is known as unit stress
or simply a stress. It is denoted by a Greek letter sigma (σ). Mathematically,
Stress, σ = P/A
where
In S.I. units, the stress is usually expressed in Pascal (Pa) such that 1 Pa = 1 N/m2. In
actual practice, we use bigger units of stress i.e. megapascal (MPa) and gigapascal
(GPa), such that
4.1 Pendahuluan
Dalam praktek rekayasa, bagian-bagian mesin dikenai berbagai gaya
yang mungkin disebabkan oleh salah satunya
2. Berat mesin,
3. Resistensi gesekan,
4.2 Beban
Ini didefinisikan sebagai gaya eksternal yang bekerja pada bagian
mesin. Empat jenis beban berikut ini penting dari sudut pandang subjek
1. Beban mati atau stabil. Suatu beban dikatakan sebagai beban mati atau
beban tetap, bila besar atau arahnya tidak berubah.
2. Beban hidup atau variabel. Beban dikatakan sebagai beban hidup atau
variabel, jika terus berubah.
Catatan: Bagian mesin menahan beban mati lebih mudah daripada beban
hidup dan beban hidup lebih mudah daripada beban kejut.
4.3 Stres
Ketika beberapa sistem gaya atau beban eksternal bekerja pada benda,
gaya internal (sama dan berlawanan) diatur di berbagai bagian tubuh, yang
menahan gaya eksternal. Gaya internal per satuan luas di setiap bagian
tubuh ini dikenal sebagai tegangan satuan atau tegangan sederhana. Itu
dilambangkan dengan huruf Yunani sigma (σ). Secara matematis,
Stres, σ = P/A
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