Serious Concrete Contamina 1. Allowable structural bored pile capacity + The average compressive stress under working load should not exceed 25 % of the specified works cube strength at 28 days (BS 8004: 1986). + “For nominally reinforced bored cast-in-place pile, the allowable structural capacity can be taken as 0.25f,,Ac (BS 8004), where 0.25f,, should not exceed 7.5 MPa. (SS CP4:2003), *+ The axial compressive stress on a driven precast concrete pile under working loads should not exceed 20% of the specified concrete grade strength. (CP for Foundations, HK. 2004). + 80% of the appropriate limitations of design stresses of the concrete, in the case where groundwater is likely to be encountered during concreting or constructed under water or drilling fluid. (GEO Publication 1/2006 Design & Construction of Foundations). + Other concrete mix requirements: Min cement content 400 kg/m3, high slump (150mm to collapse}, w/c<0.55. Important to understand the basis of the above requirements & construction problems! 2. _ Risks of tremie concreting of bored piles especially for large & long piles that take >4 hrs to complete concreting when using bentonite slurry? How & why? Significance of QC tests on stabilizing fluid! Why bentonite slurry shall not stands>4hrs without agitation? 3. Case history: 1.8m, 2m & 2.5m diameter bored piles (grade 60, allowable compressive stress 0.25fcu) of about 36m long were adopted as alternative design for a high project. All works cube strength at 28 days as QC tests all exceeds 60 MPa, but subsequent coring tests (10% & then100%) reveal that 100% of the equivalent cube strength is < 60 MPa; some as low as 20 MPa! How come? Causes of the problems? ac TESTS FOR BENTONITE SLURRY (30 To 70 KG/M? OF WATER) erence Gre rem Er) <1.10 g/cc : <1.15 g/cc Mud balance (API 138- Section 1) Were 32 to 50 sec 32 to 60 sec 32 to 50sec Marsh Funnel {946cc) ieee (API 138-Section 2) aE <30 cm? <50 em? Z Aree 71011 71012 e pH paper/meter ee - <4% 3hrs to complete