ICN-ENGLISH 2

LIC. DAYANA PEREZ

UNIVERSIDAD SALESIANA DE BOLIVIA

FIRST MID-TERM TEST

1. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS: AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE STATEMENT.
o Vocabulary: Describe today´s weather – What´s the weather like?
RAINY LLUVIOSO SUNNY SOLEADO
FOGGY CON NIEBLA CLOUDY NUBOSO
WARM TIBIO COLD FRIO
COOL FRESCO HOT CALIENTE
SNOWY NEVANDO THUNDER CON RAYOS
SUN SOL RAIN LLUVIAN
MOON LUNA

The Weather in English

In English, we usually use it is when we talk about the weather.
This is normally: It is + adjective OR It is + verb-ing
It is + adjective = A description of the weather

 It is sunny today.
 It's hot and humid today.
 It's a nice day today.

We can also say:

It is a + adjective + day (or morning/afternoon/night)

 It's a fine day.

 It's a windy afternoon.

It is + verb-ing = This type of weather is happening now.

 It's drizzling outside.

 It's snowing.
 Take an umbrella, it's raining.

You can also use it is in different tenses

 It was cold yesterday.
 It will be cloudy tomorrow.

When you are learning vocabulary about the weather, it is important to remember that some
of the words have a noun form, a verb form and/or an adjective form. For example:

 Rain: (noun) The game was cancelled because of the rain.

 Rain: (verb) I think it is going to rain later.
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 Rainy: (adjective) It's a rainy day.

It pays to learn the different forms of each word and when they are used.
Nouns and Adjectives
Many times when we are talking about the weather, we can add the letter Y to the end of a
noun to make it an adjective.

 rain (noun) - rainy (adjective)

 sun (noun) - sunny (adjective)
 wind (noun) - windy (adjective)
 cloud (noun) - cloudy (adjective)
 fog (noun) - foggy (adjective)

Questions about the weather

People commonly ask about the weather by saying:

 What's it like out(side)?

 How's the weather?
 What's the weather like?
 What's the temperature?
 What's the weather forecast?
 What's the forecast for tomorrow?

o The present continuous – Form be and present participle.

We use the present continuous for actions that are happening at the moment, or
actions that have a process, taking place at the moment.
PRONOUN VERB -ING FORM
I am working.
You are working.
He is working.
She is working.
It is working.
We are working.
You are working.
They are working.

o The present continuous – Affirmative, negative, interrogative.

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
S+VBE+V-ING S+VBE+NOT+V-ING VBE+S+V-ING?
I am studying. I am not studying. Am I studying?
You are working. You are not working. Are you working?
He is dancing. He is not dancing. Is he dancing?
She is singing. She is not singing. Is she singing?
It is playing. It is not playing. Is it playing?
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We are drawing. We are not drawing. Are we drawing?

You are sleeping. You are not sleeping. Are you sleeping?
They are drinking. They are not drinking. Are they drinking?

o The present continuous – Yes/No questions.

YES/NO QUESTIONS AFFIRMATIVE SHORT NEGATIVE SHORT
ANSWERS ANSWERS
Am I studying? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Are you working? Yes, you are. No, I’m not.
Is he dancing? Yes, he is. No, He’s not/ No, he isn’t.
Is she singing? Yes, she is. No, She’s not. /No, she isn’t.
Is it playing? Yes, it is. No, It ’snot. /No, it isn’t.
Are we drawing? Yes, we are. No, we‘re not. /No, we aren’t.
Are you sleeping? Yes, we are. No, we‘re not. /No, we aren’t.
Are they drinking? Yes. they are. No, they’re not. /No, they
aren’t.

o The present continuous – Information questions – WH questions.

WH- INFORMATION QUESTIONS LONG ANSWERS
Where am I studying? I am studying at University.
Why are you working? Because I need money.
How is he dancing? He is dancing nice.
What is she singing? She is singing “Stand by me”
What is it playing? It is playing with a bone.
When are we drawing? We are drawing on the weekend.
Why are you sleeping? Because we are tired.
What are they drinking? They are drinking beer.

o The present continuous –Pronunciation – Rising and falling intonation of questions.

RISING AND FALLING INTONATION

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Intonation is important when it is time to communicate in any language. In the English

language, your tone of voice helps you express your emotions, attitudes and a clear
meaning.

What is intonation?

 Intonation is how native speakers communicate their meaning through their tone

of voice.
 Intonation also has a grammatical function, such as signaling the difference
between a statement and a question, or distinguishing between an information
question or a yes/no question.

Let’s check two patterns in American English:

RISING INTONATION

It is used when we need clarification or confirmation from the person we’re interacting

with. We use rising intonation on yes/no questions. Depending on the context, emotion or
attitude you want to express, rising intonation may start earlier in the sentence (2) and then
climb all the way to the end (3).

 LISTENING EXERCISE   SPEAKING EXERCISE

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Check that in the following questions, the 2-3 pattern is used. Click on each icon and
repeat. Try to follow the same intonation.

FALLING INTONATION

It is used on information questions or "wh-questions”. They follow the 2-3-1 pattern:

 LISTENING EXERCISE   SPEAKING EXERCISE

In the following questions, check that we start the question in a middle tone (2), then
the tone goes higher (3) and finally the tone goes low (1).
In the first example, we are stressing the first syllable of ‘WEEKends’ and then we
are dropping down at the end.
Click on each icon and repeat. Try to follow the same intonation.
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2. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS: AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE STATEMENT.

o Time expressions – This morning, this afternoon, this night, tonight.
The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense 
Time Expressions

Time Expressions and Example Sentences:

Use 1 (Present time)

 "Now, right now, at present, presently, for the time being, currently, at the moment,
at the present, nowadays,  this year " are common time expressions used with this
tense.

 We are learning English now.
 We're watching TV right now.
 At present my father is working abroad.
 He is presently studying in Istanbul.
 We're using my old computer for the time being.
 The Director is currently having talks in the USA
 She's not waiting here at the moment
 Charles is taking three courses this year / this term.
 Car prices are getting higher nowadays /these days.

Use 2 (Future Time)

"Tomorrow, tonight, next week, next year"  are common time expressions used with
future meaning.

 I am not going to the party tonight.

 Is he visiting his parents next weekend?
 They are flying to Paris next week.
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 Tom is staring a new job on Friday.

 My dad is retiring in June.

Use 3
When we use this tense with adverbs "always", "continuously" or "constantly" for
complaining something.

 She is always coming to class late.

 I don't think Daniel can lose weight. He is always eating something.
 He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.
 I don't like them because they are always complaining.
 He's continuously changing his mind.
 Nobody likes Ann at school since she is always having arguments with other
students.

o The present continuous – Continuing activities and future plans.

Present continuous (future arrangements)

We often use the present continuous to talk about the future, especially about future plans
when we have decided a time and a place with other people. We normally use a future
time expression, e.g. tomorrow, next week, at 7, etc.

 I’m meeting Sally at 7. (=I have talked to her and we have arranged to meet.)
 I’m flying to New York tomorrow morning. (=I have the ticket.)
 We’re getting married next July. (=We have decided it and we have probably
already made reservations for the restaurant, etc.)

The present continuous for future arrangements is very common with verbs of travelling,
and when we are meeting people.

 I’m leaving very early tomorrow. I’m taking the 7.30 train. 

 I’m playing golf with Jack next Saturday. Would you like to come?
 I’m seeing the dentist after class. 

3. THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE: SPELLING RULES.

o Present participle – Spelling rules – Ends in ING

The following is a guide to the correct spelling of –ing forms of verbs and gerunds.
The general rule when changing a verb into its -ING form is just to add -ING to the
end of the verb.
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Infinitiv
ING form
e
to feel feeling
to go going
to work working
to sleep sleeping
 She wasn't feeling very well.
 He is working on a new project.
 The children are sleeping so be quiet.
Spelling exceptions
The following exceptions exist when spelling words ending in ING:
1). If the verb ends in an E we remove the E and add ING.
Infinitiv
ING form
e
to live living
to have having
to make making
to take taking
 People are living longer now than they were 100 years ago.
 We are making a chocolate cake.
 He was taking his time to get ready.
2). If the verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the final
consonant and add ING.
Infinitiv
ING form
e
to stop stopping
to sit sitting
to plan planning
to get getting
to swim swimming
 The policeman is stopping the traffic.
 We are planning a surprise party for our teacher.
 I think I am getting a cold.
3). If a two-syllable verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant, we do
not double the final consonant when the stress is on the first syllable.
Infinitive ING form
to happen happening
to enter entering
to offer offering
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to suffer suffering
 What is happening?
 They are offering a discount.
 Many people are suffering from a lack of food and water.
4). But, we do not double the final consonant when the verb ends in W, X or Y or
when the final syllable is not emphasized.
Infinitiv
ING form
e
to fix fixing
to enjoy enjoying
to snow snowing
 He is fixing his bike.
 We are enjoying this great weather.
 It's snowing outside.
5). If the verb ends in IE we change it to YING.
Infinitiv
ING form
e
to lie lying
to die dying
to tie tying
 I know you are lying to me!
 You should water your plant more because I think it is dying.
 The little boy is tying his shoelaces.
6). If the verb ends in consonant + vowel + L, we normally double the final L and add
ING.
Note: In the United States (US) they do not double the L when the accent is on the
first syllable.
ING form ING form
Infinitive
(UK) (US)
to travel travelling traveling
to marvel marvelling marveling
 I have been travelling around South America for 6 months.
 He was marvelling at her beauty.
7). If the verb ends in a stressed vowel + R, we double the final R and add ING.
Infinitiv
ING form
e
refer referring
defer deferring
 Are you referring to this one or that one?
 They are thinking of deferring payment of their mortgage.
8). If the verb ends in an unstressed vowel + R, we do not double the final R and
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add ING.
Infinitive ING form
to offer offering
to suffer suffering
to whisper whispering
 I am offering you a special deal.
 He is now suffering the consequences of his actions.
 I wonder what he is whispering in her ear.

o Present participle – Forma verbal usada como adjetivo o verbo

o Present participle – When it´s used?

Gerund
The gerund looks exactly the same as a present participle, but it is useful to
understand the difference between the two. The gerund always has the same
function as a noun (although it looks like a verb). Some uses of the gerund are
covered on this page. A separate page deals with verbs that are followed by the
gerund.
Test your knowledge
The gerund as the subject of the sentence
Examples
 Eating people is wrong.
 Hunting tigers is dangerous.
 Flying makes me nervous.
 Brushing your teeth is important.
 Smoking causes lung cancer.
The gerund as the complement of the verb 'to be'
Examples
 One of his duties is attending meetings.
 The hardest thing about learning English is understanding the gerund.
 One of life's pleasures is having breakfast in bed.
The gerund after prepositions
The gerund must be used when a verb comes after a preposition. This is also true of
certain expressions ending in a preposition, for example the expressions in spite
of & there's no point in.
Examples
 Can you sneeze without opening your mouth?
 She is good at painting.
 She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road.
 We arrived in Madrid after driving all night.
 My father decided against postponing his trip to Hungary.
 There's no point in waiting.
 In spite of missing the train, we arrived on time.
The gerund after phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs are composed of a verb + preposition or adverb.
Examples
 When will you give up smoking?
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 She always puts off going to the dentist.

 He kept on asking for money.
 Jim ended up buying a new TV after his old one broke.
There are some phrasal verbs that include the word "to" as a preposition for
example to look forward to, to take to, to be accustomed to, to get around to, & to be
used to. It is important to recognise that the word "to" is a preposition in these cases
because it must be followed by a gerund. It is not part of the infinitive form of the
verb. You can check whether "to" is a preposition or part of the infinitive. If you can
put the pronoun "it" after the word "to" and form a meaningful sentence, then the
word "to" is a preposition and must be followed by a gerund.
Examples
 I look forward to hearing from you soon.
 I look forward to it.
 I am used to waiting for buses.
 I am used to it.
 She didn't really take to studying English.
 She didn't really take to it.
 When will you get around to mowing the grass?
 When will you get around to it?
The gerund in compound nouns
In compound nouns using the gerund, it is clear that the meaning is that of a noun,
not of a continuous verb. For example, with the word "swimming pool" it is a pool for
swimming in, it is not a pool that is swimming.
Examples
 I am giving Sally a driving lesson.
 They have a swimming pool in their back yard.
 I bought some new running shoes.
The gerund after some expressions
The gerund is necessary after the expressions can't help, can't stand, to be worth, &
it's no use.
Examples
 She couldn't help falling in love with him.
 I can't stand being stuck in traffic jams.
 It's no use trying to escape.
 It might be worth phoning the station to check the time of the train.

o Present participle – Continuous tenses, adjective, gerund, two actions at the same
time, to shorten relative clauses, after verbs such as (hear, see, etc), after verbs
such as (waste, spend, etc.)

Verbs which can be followed by nouns or gerunds

avoid celebrate consider contemplate defer delay detest

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dislike dread enjoy entail escape excuse finish

forgive involve keep loathe mind miss pardon

postpone prevent resent resist risk save stop

Examples

 I avoid going to the dentist.

 I avoid chocolate.
 I miss taking walks in the morning.
 I miss England.
 I have finished working.
 I have finished the cake.

Verbs which can be followed by nouns, gerunds, or a that-clause

acknowledge admit anticipate appreciate deny imagine mean

mention propose recall recollect repor suggest understand

t

Examples

 I can't imagine living in that big house.

 I can't imagine a purple unicorn in my yard.
 I can't imagine that he lied on purpose.
 I understand French.
 I understand fishing pretty well.
 I understand that you would prefer to stay.

Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or by an infinitive. When this is the case, the
meaning of the two will be identical for some verbs, but different for others. Detailed pages
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go into the individual verbs which can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive with

equivalent meaning and verbs which can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive with
different meanings.

4. HOW MANY AND ARE THERE ANY.

o Vocabulary; Foods count nouns.
Countable nouns
Countable nouns are for things we can count using numbers. They have a singular
and a plural form. The singular form can use the determiner "a" or "an". If you want
to ask about the quantity of a countable noun, you ask "How many?" combined with
the plural countable noun.
Singular Plural

one dog two dogs

one two horses

horse

one man two men

one idea two ideas

one shop two shops

Examples
 She has three dogs.
 I own a house.
 I would like two books please.
 How many friends do you have?
Uncountable nouns
Uncountable nouns are for the things that we cannot count with numbers. They may
be the names for abstract ideas or qualities or for physical objects that are too small
or too amorphous to be counted (liquids, powders, gases, etc.). Uncountable nouns
are used with a singular verb. They usually do not have a plural form.
Examples
 tea
 sugar
 water
 air
 rice
 knowledge
 beauty
 anger
 fear
 love
 money
 research
 safety
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 evidence
We cannot use a/an with these nouns. To express a quantity of an uncountable
noun, use a word or expression like some, a lot of, much, a bit of, a great deal of , or
else use an exact measurement like a cup of, a bag of, 1kg of, 1L of, a handful of, a
pinch of, an hour of, a day of. If you want to ask about the quantity of an uncountable
noun, you ask "How much?"
Examples
 There has been a lot of research into the causes of this disease.
 He gave me a great deal of advice before my interview.
 Can you give me some information about uncountable nouns?
 He did not have much sugar left.
 Measure 1 cup of water, 300g of flour, and 1 teaspoon of salt.
 How much rice do you want?

o How many and are there any with plural nouns.

Singular Plural

There’s a spider in my room. There are three people waiting.

Hay una araña en mi cuarto. Hay tres personas esperando.

There isn’t a thing I can do about it. There aren’t any chocolates left.
No hay nada que yo pueda hacer / No quedan bombones.
Yo no puedo hacer nada [al
respecto].

Is there a reason why you’re late? Are there any more sandwiches?

¿Hay alguna razón por la que llegas ¿Hay más / Quedan sándwiches?
tarde?

o Vocabulary: Places to keep food in the kitchen.

d so on.
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blender
 

casserole dish or casserole

 

chopping board
 

colander
 
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cooking pot or stockpot

 

cookware
 

dishwasher
 

eating utensils or cutlery (UK) or silverware (US)

 
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food processor
 

frying pan or frypan

 

grater
 

grill (UK) or broiler (US)

 
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hotplate
 

kettle
 

kitchen sink
 

kitchen utensils or cooking utensils

 
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refrigerator or fridge
 

saucepan
 

spatula
 

stove or cooker or range

 
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tableware
 

toaster
 

vegetable peeler
 

wok

Vocabulary: Drinks and foods: non – countable nouns.

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Types of Foods
Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an
organism. A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human
consumption.

Food is divided into 7 main groups:

 Meat, Poultry, and Seafood (chickens, sheep, pigs, cattle, eggs, fish…)

 Fruits (apples, bananas, grapes, lemons, oranges, and strawberries…)
 Vegetables (beans, cabbage, potatoes, corn, carrots…)
 Dairy products (yogurt, milk, cheese, butter, cream…)
 Grains, nuts, and seeds (rice, wheat, oats, corn, almonds, walnuts,
sunflower seeds…)
 Sweets and desserts (candy, ice cream, cake, cookies…)
 Snacks (chips, crackers, popcorn…)

Fast Food is a special type of food which includes fish and chips,
sandwiches, pita, hamburgers, fried chicken, french fried, onion ring, pizza,
hot dogs…
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Fast Food Vocabulary

Learn different types of fast food in English.

Fast food list

 Fish and chips

 Sandwich
 Pita
 Hamburger
 Fried chicken
 French fries
 Onion ring
 Chicken nugget
 Taco
 Pizza
 Hot dog
 Ice cream
 Salad
Fast food vocabulary | Image
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Types of Bread
Learn bread vocabulary through pictures.

Bread vocabulary words list

 White bread
 Wheat bread
 Whole grain bread
 Rye bread
 Hot dog bun
 Hamburger bun
 Croissant
 Swiss roll (U.K) – jelly roll (U.S)
 Pretzel
 Bagel
 Donut
 Roll
 Breadstick
 French bread/ baguette
Bread Vocabulary | Image
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Fruits
Fruit or a fruit is something which grows on a tree or bush and which
contains seeds or a stone covered by a substance that you can eat.

Fruits Vocabulary

 Apple
 Watermelon
 Orange
 Pear
 Cherry
 Strawberry
 Nectarine
 Grape
 Mango
 Blueberry
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 Pomegranate
 Carambola(U.K) – starfruit (U.S)
 Plum
 Banana
 Raspberry
 Mandarin
 Jackfruit
 Papaya
 Kiwi
 Pineapple
 Lime
 Lemon
 Apricot
 Grapefruit
 Melon
 Coconut
 Avocado
 Peach

Fruits Vocabulary | Image
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Vegetables
Learn names of vegetables in English.

Vegetables list
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 Corn
 Mushroom
 Broccoli
 Cucumber
 Red pepper/red bell pepper
 Pineapple
 Tomato
 Swede/rutabaga (U.S.)
 Carrot
 Brussels sprout
 Pumpkin
 Cabbage
 Potato
 Eggplant
 Sweet potato
 Turnip
 Courgette (U.K.)/zucchini (U.S.)
 Green chilli
 Onion
 Lettuce
 Radish
 Pea
 Asparagus
 Celery
 Green pepper
 French beans
 Spinach
 Beetroot/beet (U.S.)
 Red chillies/red chili peppers (U.S.)
 Bean
Vegetables Vocabulary | Image
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Herbs & Spices

List of herbs and spices vocabulary words in English.

Herbs & Spices List

 Cilantro/coriander
 Artichoke
 Rosemary
 Bay leaves
 Mint leaves
 Basil
 Clove
 Olive
 Shallot
 Turmeric
 Garlic
 Ginger
 Onion
 Spring onions/green onions
 Lemongrass
 Chives
 Green chili
Herbs and Spices Vocabulary | Image
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Meat and Poultry

Meats:

 Veal
 Goat
 Mutton
 Beef
 Lamb
 Bison
 Venison
 Pork
 Elk
 Kangaroo

Poultry:

 Goose
 Quail
 Pheasant
 Chicken
 Turkey
 Duck
 Cornish Game Hen
 Guinea Fowl
Dairy Products
 Cheese
 Milk
 Yogurt
 Butter
 Cream
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 Ice cream
 Cottage cheese
 Ricotta cheese
 Kefir
 Condensed milk
 Powdered milk
Seafood
Fish

 Cod
 Sole
 Salmon
 Trout
 Sardines
 Tuna
 Tilapia
 Halibut
 Mackerel

Shellfish

 Lobster
 Clams
 Shrimp
 Crab
 Oysters
 Scallops
 Mussels
Cephalopods

 Squid
 Octopus
Grains, Nuts, and Seeds
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Grains:

 Barley
 Corn
 Quinoa
 Rice
 Wheat
 Oats
 Sorghum
 Millet
 Buckwheat
Nuts:

 Peanuts
 Pecans
 Almonds
 Walnuts
 Macadamia nuts
 Cashews
 Hazelnuts
 Brazil nuts
Seeds:

 Sunflower seeds
 Chia seeds
 Flaxseeds
 Hemp seeds
 Poppy seeds
 Squash seeds

Sweets and Desserts

 Cookies
 Brownies
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 Cake
 Chocolate
 Candy
 Ice cream
 Sorbet
 Puddings
 Cupcakes
 Pies
 Tarts
 Jellies and jams
 Donuts
 Pastries
Snacks
 Nuts
 Trail mix
 Dried fruit
 Jerky
 Energy bars
 Rice cakes
 Pretzels
 Crackers
 Popcorn
 Cheese and crackers
 Fruits
 Yogurt
 Chips
 Vegetables
 Cookies
 Brownies

Food and Drinks

Types of Meals
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Generally, there are three main meals:

 Breakfast
 Lunch
 Dinner

BE GOING TO

«Going to»
El tiempo futuro con «going to» se usa más comúnmente en el lenguaje hablado
cuando se quiere hacer referencia al futuro inmediato, es decir, a algo que está
por ocurrir.

Ejemplos:

 She is going to pay with a credit card = Ella va a pagar con una tarjeta de
crédito (algo que está por ocurrir).
 I am going to drop off my prescription over there = voy a dejar mi
prescripción médica allá.

También se emplea para hablar de intenciones o planes para hacer algo:

Ejemplo:

 I’m going to learn English = voy a aprender inglés.

Se forma con el verbo«to be» conjugado para la persona

correspondiente, seguido de«going to» y el verbo base:

«To be» + «going to» + verbo:

 I am going to pay = yo voy a pagar.
 You are going to pay = tú vas a pagar.
 He is going to pay = él va a pagar.
 She is going to pay = ella va a pagar.
 It is going to pay = eso va a pagar.
 We are going to pay = nosotros vamos a pagar.
 You are going to pay = ustedes van a pagar.
 They are going to pay = ellos/ellas van a pagar.
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«Will»
El futuro con «will» se utiliza para hablar de decisiones que se toman mientras se
habla:

Ejemplos:

 I need to get my medicine. I will go to the pharmacy tonight.

Necesito comprar mi medicina. Iré a la farmacia esta noche.
 I need some cash. I will pay with my debit card and ask for cash back.
Necesito algo de efectivo. Pagaré con mi tarjeta débito y pediré efectivo de
vuelta.

También es usado para decir predicciones de carácter general:

Ejemplos:

 I’m sure it will rain tomorrow.

Estoy seguro de que va a llovermañana.
 Gerardo Gómez will win the election.
Gerardo Gómez va a ganar las elecciones.

Se forma con el verbo «will»  + verbo:

 I will pay later.
 You will pay later.
 He will pay later.
 She will pay later.
 It will pay later.
 We will pay later.
 You will pay later.
 They will pay later

References:
 https://www3.gobiernodecanarias.org/medusa/ecoblog/fpelmel/
english-future-be-going-to-will/
 https://7esl.com/food-and-drinks-vocabulary/
 https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/food-kitchens.php
 https://www.britishcouncil.es/blog/diferencias-entre-there-is-y-
there-ar
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UNIVERSIDAD SALESIANA DE BOLIVIA