Breeding methods in Rapeseed and Mustard: As some species of Brassicas are self-

pollinated and some are cross-pollinated, so breeding methods depends on the pollination
behaviour of the species.
For self-pollinated species:
1) Introduction
2) Selection – mass selection and pure-line selection
3) Pedigree method
4) Bulk breeding method
5) Backcross breeding method
6) Hybridization
7) Mutation breeding
8) Genetic engineering methods/biotechnological tools

For cross-pollinated species:

1. Introduction
2. Mass Selection -
3. Hybridisation and selection
4. Heterosis breeding
5. Population improvement
6. Synthetic varieties
7. Mutation breeding
8. Biotechnological tools

Hybrid seed production technology utilized in rapeseed and mustard:

In case of rapeseed and mustard, many different CMS systems were discovered by various
scientist. But these system were not successful due to very low female fertility, unstable male-
sterility and lack of fertility restoration system.
The CMS system currently used are-
1) Mori system – In this, the cytoplasmic donor is Moricandia arvensis.
2) Ogu system – In this system, the cytoplasmic donor is Raphanus sativus. This system is
commercially utilized by Adventa India Limited and Pioneer.
The other most important system in rapessed and mustard is Barnase-Barstar system, but this
system is not commercially utilized.

Transgenic genetic male sterility (Barnase-barstar system) - A gene introduced into the
genome of an organism by recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering is called
transgene. An effective system in this case is known as Barnase/Barstar system. The Barnase
gene of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens encodes an RNase. Transgenic tobacco and Brassica napus
plants expressing Barnase were completely male sterile. Another gene, Barstar, from the same
bacterium encodes a protein, which is a highly specific inhibitor of Barnase RNase. Therefore,
transgenic plants expressing both Barstar and Barnase are fully male fertile.
The Barnase gene has been tagged with bar gene, which specifies resistance to the herbicide
phosphinothricin. This male sterile line can be maintained by crossing it with any male fertile
line. The progeny so obtained contain 1 male sterile: 1 male fertile plants; the latter are easily
eliminated at seedling stage by a phosphinothricin spray. The male sterile plants are crossed
with the Barstar line to obtain male fertile hybrid progeny.

Example of Mustard hybrids-

a) NRCHB-506 – Based on Mori system. Developed by National Research Centre for Rapeseed
and Mustard, Bharatpur. Percent yield increment is 15% and increase in oil content by 26%.
b) DMH – 1 – produced by Dhara Vegetable oil and Food Corporation. This hybrid has 12%
yield advantage and 15% oil advantage.