284-Article Text-1473-1-10-20230221

Asian Journal of Management Entrepreneurship and Social Science
ISSN: 2808 7399

https://ajmesc.com/index.php/ajmesc Volume 03 Issue 01
The Effect Of The Use Of Outboard Motors On Efforts To

Maintain Family Economic Management
Kristian Cahyandi1, Andi Hendrawan2, Ningrum Astriawati3
1,2 Lecturer at the Nusantara Maritime Academy-Cilacap

3 Lecturer At the Yogyakarta Maritime College
*Coresponding author: kristian_cahyandi@amn.ac.id,

andihendrawan007@gmail.com
Abstract
Kampung Laut is a sub-district located in Cilacap Povinsi Regency, Central Java, with
the majority of the population working as traditional fishing fishermen. People in Kampung
Laut face problems in the form of narrowing fishing areas as a place to make their daily living,
which is caused by siltation through the sedimentation process along the Segara Anakan
Lagoon. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not there is a relationship between
the influence of the use of engines (outboard motors) on Kampung Laut fishing boats to
maintain the family economy of management in the Cilacap Regency area. This research uses
a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. The study was conducted through
a SWOT analysis, with results showing the need for management of the use of engines (outboard
motors) on Kampung Laut fishing boats to increase income through efforts to expand the
fishing area to the high seas. The results of the study also stated that there is a need for
assistance from the Government to assist in obtaining access to funding through financial
institutions.
Keywords: Outboard Motors, Income, Fishermen, SWOT Analysis
1. INTRODUCTION
Traditional fishermen are individuals who have a job as a fisherman with relatively
simple equipment (McClanahan & Mangi, 2004). The catch is only enough to meet one's own
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ISSN: 2808 7399
needs, because of the simple fishing gear, traditional fishermen only operate in coastal
waters, maximum at a distance of 4 miles from the coastline(Islam, 2003). In the pattern of
life of traditional fishing communities, there are economic limitations, which are reflected in
the low level of income(Artanti et al., 2022). This economic limitation then makes fishermen
unable to move freely in their economic world(Copes, 2019). Their lives as traditional
fishermen who have been inherited for generations can no longer provide maximum results
for the fulfilment of their family's life(Thompson, 2020). What is often experienced by
traditional fishermen is to lose the competition in utilizing marine resources due to
limitations in the use of fishing equipment
Kampung Laut is a district located in Cilacap Regency with 4 (four) villages in its area,
namely Ujungalang Village, Klaces Village, Panikel Village and Ujunggagak
Village(Dermawan & Sanjatmiko, 2018). The Kampung Laut area has a majority population
as fishermen in their livelihoods, however, the majority of these fishermen are traditional
fishermen with a low socioeconomic level of fishing communities or poor. Improving the
welfare and standard of living of fishing communities can be achieved by increasing income
by utilizing technology in their activities(Alhuda & Rustikawati, 2016). Therefore, this study
aims to examine the benefits of using technology, especially in terms of the mechanization of
fishing boats in fishing activities of fishing communities in the village.
Currently, the residents of Kampung Laut are facing a big problem, namely the threat
to their source of life. There was a shrinkage of the mangrove forest area caused by logging
activities, which in the end caused the narrowing of the Segara Anakan water
area(Dharmawan et al., 2017). This is due to the sedimentation process of several rivers that
emptied the Segara Anakan. There are no longer enough mangrove forests that can inhibit
sedimentation, so silting takes place quickly. So far, most of the people of Kampung Laut
work to meet their living needs as traditional fishermen in fishing areas along the Segara
Anakan Lagoon(Suyanto et al., 2019). However, the rate of damage to the Cintandui River
channel, which is one of the rivers that empty into the Segara Anakan Lagoon, is so fast that
it gives rise to extensive sedimentation.
Now the sedimentation of the Citandui mud has given rise to land that narrows the
area of the lagoon(Yuniarti et al., 2018). From this river alone every year it has provided at
least 6.4 million tons of sediment, then added 1.5 million tons of sediment from the Cimeneng
river(Sulistyantara & Budiarti, 2016). Heaps from the sediments of the Citanduy river and
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several other rivers over the years shallowed and narrowed the waters. In the past, the depth
of Segara Anakan was 8–10 meters, now it is no more than 1.25 meters(White et al., 1989).
There are concerns that without rescue efforts, in the next two-three years the Lagoon will
only have to run into the river. Laguna Segara Anakan is just waiting to disappear from the
map of the Cilacap regency(Sanjatmiko, 2021). With the condition of the lagoon area that is
getting narrower, there is still an opportunity for fishermen to expand the catchment area to
the open sea. However, this cannot be done with very traditional fishing equipment. The
purpose of this study is to determine whether or not there is a relationship between the
influence of the use of engines (outboard motors) on Kampung Laut fishing boats to maintain
the family economy of management in the Cilacap Regency area.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
This research uses a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. This
descriptive research is also called a feasibility study which intends to obtain preliminary
data(Arain et al., 2010). The main data sources used in this study are primary data and
secondary data. Primary data were obtained directly from the research site through data
collection tools, namely interviews and questionnaires to direct fishermen. Meanwhile,
secondary data is obtained from village government documents, HNSI documents for Cilacap
Regency, DKP2SKSA for Cilacap Regency and also from various literature.
Figure 1. Research Location
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In figure 1, it is explained that the location in this study is in Ujungalang village,

Kampung Laut District, considering that this location has the highest number of fishing
communities compared to 3 other villages and is the deepest area so the sedimentation rate
is higher than the other 3 villages. This research was carried out in December 2022, with the
population in the study being fishing communities in Ujungalang Village, Kampung Laut
District. Respondents were taken based on Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling,
which is a sampling of random and proportional members of the population. This method is
carried out due to non-similar members of the population (Heterogeneous). The subjects of
the study were fishermen who own boats and equipment, fishermen who rented equipment
for fishing and labour fishermen. Respondents were determined to be 99 people. The
number of samples is determined by the Slovin Formula in the following equation
1(Astriawati & Pratama, 2021)
N
n= …………………………………………………………………………….(1)
( )
1 + N d2
Information:
N = Population size
n = Sample size
d = Desired level of confidence/precision.
Based on the formula above, the number of samples of this study can be calculated as follows
with N = 1092, d = 10% so that it is obtained:
n = 1092 = 98,68 ≈ 99
1+1092(0,01)
By using the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling method:
A. Sampling Frame :
99 40 (has ships & equipment)
24 (renting equipment)
35 (fishing labourers)
B. By the research topic, then using Strata: Equipment Ownership.
2.1 Data Analysis

The data were obtained, processed and studied using the SWOT Matrix. The SWOT
matrix can clearly describe how the external opportunities and threats faced are then
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adjusted to the strengths and weaknesses possessed(Houben et al., 1999). The matrix can
produce 4 sets of alternative possibilities as shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1. SWOT Matrix

INTERNAL Strengths(S) Weakness (W)
Some internal strength Some factors of
factors internal weakness
EXTERNAL
Opportunities (O) SO Strategy WO Strategy
Several internal Strategies that use power to Strategies that
opportunity factors seize opportunities minimize weaknesses
to take advantage of
opportunities
Threats (T) ST Strategy WT Strategy
Some external threat Strategies that use power to Strategies that
factors address threats minimize weaknesses
and avoid threats
3. RESULT
Ujungalang Village is one of the villages located in Kampung Laut District with a total
population of 5659 people. Based on existing data, it can be seen that the total population in
Ujungalang Village consists of 2 -994 male and 2 665 female inhabitants as shown in Table
2.
Table 2. Total Population of Ujungalang Village

Age Group Man Woman Sum
0-11 159 140 299
12-23 237 343 580
24-35 993 655 1648
36-47 619 528 1147
48-59 762 845 1587
>60 352 46 398
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Jumlah 2994 2665 5659

Source : Ujungalang Village Monograph 2021
People in Ujungalang village have hydrogenated their livelihoods. Although the

livelihood of most of the population is as traditional fishermen, it can be seen in the following
Table 3 :
Table. 3 Livelihoods of Ujungalang Village Residents
Types of Work Sum %
Civil servants 135 2
Fisherman 1 192 60
Merchant 602 28
Craftsman 162 4
Miscellaneous 204 6
Sum 2295 100
Source: Ujungalang Village Monograph 2021
From the table above, it can be seen that 60% of the livelihood of the residents of
Ujungalang Village is fishermen, followed by traders at 28%. The work sector of these traders
is in the form of merchandise commodities related to fishery products, while the civil
servants in the village are Village Officials and Elementary School Teachers, so the main
occupation of the people in the village are fishermen. The SWOT analysis matrix of the effect
of traditional fishing boat mechanization on the income of Ujungalang village fishermen is
shown in Table 4.
Table 4. SWOT Analysis

Internal Strengths(S) Weakness (W)
Strength Debilitation
• The population of • The income level of
high productive age. the traditional
• Have a group of fishing community
Fishermen. of Kampung Laut is
still low
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• The fishing gear

used is still
traditional
External • Access to financial
institutions is
limited
• The level of
education of
fishermen is low.
Opportunities (O) SO Strategy WO Strategy
Chance • Provision of facilities • In providing
• Government and infrastructure in business capital
regulations and policies the developing and in collaboration
through the Ministry of modernized capture with financial
Fisheries towards fisheries sector institutions as
fishing communities • Optimally partners.
empower the role and
function of institutions
in fishing communities.
Threats (T) ST Strategy WT Strategy

Threat • Regulation and division o Provision of
• Reduced fishing area in of the scope of fishing organizational and
Laguna Segara Anakan areas managerial skills in
• Conducting cooperative fishermen's groups
relations with capital • Training in
owners. modernized fishing
techniques.
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4. DISCUSSION
a. SO Strategy
The development of fishing through the modernization of facilities and infrastructure
under the needs of fishing communities is urgently needed to increase income. The
government must actively improve the role and function of institutions in fishing
communities.
b. ST Strategy
Structuring, arranging and dividing the scope of fishing areas and conducting
cooperative relations with capital owners
c. WO Strategy
Develop non-formal education programs such as business management training for
both individuals and existing fishermen groups to make it easier to access capital to available
financial institutions and the Marine and Fisheries Service through existing programs such
as Economic Empowerment of Fishing Communities aimed at increasing fishermen's
income.
D. WT Strategy
The mentoring program is needed by the fishing community in improving the ability
to strive to add value to fishery products. Based on the SWOT strategy, efforts in the
mechanization of traditional fishing boats are described in several programs described as
follows:
a. Management of fishery resources
Steps taken:
1) Improve the organizational ability of fishing groups.
2) Increase the capacity and skills of fishermen whether they are members of the group or
not through business management training, making it easier for them to obtain financial
assistance through financial institutions or related agencies.
b. Processing of fishery products to increase added value.
Towards the household processing industry, raw fish catches become semi-finished
commodities and finished commodities offered to the market and consumers. The use of
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outboard engines on fishing boats results in a wider mileage to the free sea, where fish
commodities in these waters have more high economic value. So that on the home industry
side, it can also take advantage of fish catches from the high seas, which have a wider market
share to be used as processed materials for finished and finished products.
5. CONCLUSİON
The silting of the Segara Anakan Lagoon caused difficulties for the lives of fishermen
in Ujungalang village, which had a serious impact on the decline in fishermen's income. The
means and infrastructure for arrest are still simple and limited. The use of mechanization
equipment in fishing activities is unavoidable. The way of adaptation is to net fish to the high
seas for fishermen who have large capital and can buy more modern equipment. Limited
access to financial institutions as a means of assisting capital in the development of fishing
facilities towards the mechanization of boats. Efforts by the local government to create an
institution as a forum for interacting and working together for residents, which is named
Rukun Nelayan cannot develop, and the community is less able to take advantage of it and
feel that they do not need the institution.
6 RECOMMENDATİONS
1. For the Marine and Fisheries Service of Cilacap Regency.
a. The emergence of local institutions in the form of fishermen's pillars can be used as
strengthening the economic base through group self-financing. The collection of funds
and the utilization of joint funds will greatly support the activities of the group. The
activities that have been carried out can be improved again in cooperation through
fishermen's group cooperatives. For this reason, there needs to be cooperative
education so that the fishing community is aware of the role and function of
cooperatives.
b. Sooner or later it can be ascertained that one day the fishing area in Segara Anakan will
no longer be able to support the living needs of the people of Kampung Laut in general
and the Ujungalang community in terms of income, they must have the ability to net
fish to the sea freely, so it is hoped that the government will facilitate the process and
conditions in obtaining assistance from financial institutions.
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2. For community empowerment institutions.

The opportunities and opportunities available can be utilized properly by fishermen
if there is cooperation with economic institutions so that the fishing community of Kampung
Laut can take advantage of the potential of catching fish outside the waters of Segara Anakan.
REFERENCES
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study? A review of current practice and editorial policy. BMC Medical Research
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Copes, P. (2019). A critical review of the individual quota as a device in fisheries
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Islam, M. S. (2003). Perspectives of the coastal and marine fisheries of the Bay of Bengal,
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ATTACHMENT
Respondent Profile
Age Number of
Employment
No Name ( Education family
status
year) members
1 Suwarto 65 Fisherman Primary School 5
2 Sugento Senen 38 Fisherman Primary School 7
3 Suyitno 45 Fisherman Primary School 5
4 Mujianto 40 Fisherman Primary School 4
5 Kiswanto 66 Fisherman Primary School 7
6 Sugiono 46 Fisherman Primary School 6
7 Sustoro 39 Fisherman Primary School 3
8 Pujo Rudianto 40 Fisherman Primary School 6
9 Sutarjo 69 Fisherman Primary School 2
10 Rahmat 45 Fisherman Primary School 6
11 Saimin 67 Fisherman Primary School 5
12 Sahuri Efendi 53 Fisherman Primary School 5
13 Wasirun 52 Fisherman Primary School 4
14 Rohmat Hidayat 49 Fisherman Primary School 5
15 Wargi 54 Fisherman Primary School 4
16 Miswan 50 Fisherman Primary School 6
17 Wartoni 42 Fisherman Primary School 4
18 Surya Supriadi 33 Fisherman Junior High School 3
19 Sadjiman 77 Fisherman - 3
20 Kaswar 46 Fisherman Primary School 5
21 Aprianto 19 Fisherman Junior High School 2
22 Adi Santoso 29 Fisherman Junior High School 3
23 Subyani 52 Fisherman Primary School 4
24 Yulianto 28 Fisherman Junior High School 3
25 Warto 38 Fisherman Primary School 5
26 Bari 55 Fisherman Primary School 4
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27 RuPrimary 34 Fisherman Junior High School 4

schoolianto
28 Kasworo Kasman 68 Fisherman Primary School 3
29 Arjo Suto 66 Fisherman Primary School 4
30 Suradin 31 Fisherman Junior High School 3
31 Sukandris 20 Fisherman Junior High School 2
32 Supriyono 31 Fisherman Primary School 4
33 Surino 30 Fisherman Junior High School 2
34 Sarijan 33 Fisherman Primary School 4
35 Sukarman 45 Fisherman Primary School 3
36 Agus Riyanto 32 Fisherman Junior High School 4
37 Kirsun 53 Fisherman Primary School 3
38 Hudi Rana 55 Fisherman Primary School 5
39 Suparno 39 Fisherman Primary School 4
40 Sukino 56 Fisherman Primary School 5
Source: Data on Fishermen's Association DPC HNSI Cilacap Regency, 2022
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Asian Journal of Management Entrepreneurship and Social Science

ISSN: 2808 7399

The Effect Of The Use Of Outboard Motors On Efforts To

Kristian Cahyandi1, Andi Hendrawan2, Ningrum Astriawati3

1,2 Lecturer at the Nusantara Maritime Academy-Cilacap

*Coresponding author: kristian_cahyandi@amn.ac.id,

Keywords: Outboard Motors, Income, Fishermen, SWOT Analysis

Figure 1. Research Location

In figure 1, it is explained that the location in this study is in Ujungalang village,

2.1 Data Analysis

Table 1. SWOT Matrix

Table 2. Total Population of Ujungalang Village

Jumlah 2994 2665 5659

People in Ujungalang village have hydrogenated their livelihoods. Although the

Table 4. SWOT Analysis

• The fishing gear

Threats (T) ST Strategy WT Strategy

2. For community empowerment institutions.

Bangladesh. Ocean & Coastal Management, 46(8), 763–796.

27 RuPrimary 34 Fisherman Junior High School 4

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