Spring 2015

Graduate Research for Vocal Music Performance

Healing Potentials of Sound and Music

By Khemya MitRahina

Graduate Seminar II

Mus. 4550
Professor Louise Costigan-Kerns

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Khemya MitRahina

Professor Louise Costigan-Kerns

Music 4555

Graduate Seminar II-

May 4, 2015

Healing Potentials of Sound and Music

This research is based on historical and qualitative data, which will focus on music

therapy and music health identifying the potentials of their use in healing.

Music therapy and music health can be used simultaneously together, but also serve as

two completely different methods of complementary medicine. Music therapy used as a practice

and methodology for greater diagnosis within problems relating to physiological, physical and

psychological conditions, such as: autism attention deficit disorders, compulsory-obsessive

disorder and repressed emotions. Music therapy can also be understood in the use of sound

healing, which deals with electro-magnetic waves and vibrations and will be discussed in this

research.

In turn, music health entails the natural musicology, harmony and rhythm of the mind and

body within everyday life, as well as the enhancement of one’s life, and vital growth of neuronal

connections and communication. Music’s effect is broad, and can be studied from many

different perspectives, theories, and models.

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 This research will provide a historical understanding from various cultures and ethnicities

that understood music in relation to our cosmological and geographical systems, as it relates to

“the curing of humankind within the cosmos and the ecology.”

This research will then bridge the historical understandings with scientific research

within the practice of music healing and health from various physicians that understood the

physiological effects, neurological connections and Grey matter growth based on the interaction

with music. Dr. Patel, a neurologist provides three different research projects: Role of Emotion

and Pain as observed in patients undergoing hip-surgery as they listen to music; Transient

Effects: the understanding of music as it relates to the Internal Reward system and Dopamine;

and a study that involved music trained students in juxtapose non-music students.

I will then look closely at the impact music has had on living organisms within the neo-

plate or in-vitro, and examine how music changes the shape of cells within cancer patients. There

is whole system of theories which music therapy derived from, in conjunction with unified field

theories. I will briefly identify these theories and their inventors, as they have evolved into

mainstream practice of music therapy.

After establishing the ecological approach that Kenny refers to as the ‘field of play’, I

will form connections with the higher law of physics and understanding, relating to the

translating vibration energy within the Trinity Triangle and Conservation Laws of Electrical

Magnetic Energy. This will tie into the use of sound healing devices, such as tuning forks, etc.

My final approach to this research will be to identify complimentary medicine within the

realms of Music therapy and identify the treatment of disorders of Autism, A.D.H.D,
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Compulsory –Obsessive and Emotional repression. The identification will explain some
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philosophies in regards to the causes, effects, and treatments with the use of music therapy, as

well as the scientific research as it was applied to treatments of acute to chronic psycho-

physiological conditions.

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I. History of Music Theory pertaining to various cultures

Africa

In the subject topic of music as medicine, Nzewi, a professor in African music and

cultural scientist shares the understanding and role of music in African traditions as the use of

repetitions of sonic or movement themes that begin with an initial entrapment of attention that

proceed to anaesthetize the mind, producing sleep, calmness or composure as may be desired. He

states,

“Cyclicity of a motif/theme, which implies consistently re-creating or re-ordering

the inside of a significant thematic completeness, engages the mind in a type of

creative or perceptual expedition that eliminates consciousness of immediate

perturbations. Deep tones on melo-rhythmic instruments pull down excitation and

tension; high tones pull up down-tuned minds and bodies into psychical or

physical excitation.” (Nzewi, 2006)

Nzewi uses the explanation of medicure and wholistic healing in terms of understanding

the mind, body and spirit, which has been given such incorrect definitions from the health and

remedy it has served, however, Nzewi continues to bridge science and spirituality by stating,

“Live musical arts, and in all its ramifications is central to African preventive and curative

medical practices.” (Nzewi, 2006)

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 With great regard to bringing science and spirituality together, Nzewi states,

“African indigenous medical science recognizes that body or physiological sickness

invariably triggers spiritual indisposition, and thereby soul suffering. Hence indigenous

curative science and procedures often commence with the healing of the mind, that is, the

restoration of spiritual health, which in turn tunes the mind and body for physiological

cure as the case may be.” (Nzewi, 2006)

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India & Eastern

In many parts of India, stemming from the Vedic traditions, there are Mantras,

known as healing vowel sounds, which include ritual and devotional acts, recitation of

poems, and the performance of songs. The word Mantra comes from the Sanskrit

language based on a verb man, which means to think, contemplate or meditate, and tra

meaning or having to do with designating tools or instruments. Hence, a literal translation

would be “instrument of thought.” Put with intention, air, and sound, a mantra becomes

a sound thought.

Hazrat Khan was born in India in 1882, and was a master of classical Indian

music by the age of twenty, in which he received instructions from Mien Tansen Nizam.

Mien’s legacy dates back to 1493, which come from prominent, highly trained Hindu

classical musicians of the Mughal Empire. Khan was born from a noble family that

descended from Pashtuns of Afghanistan and settled in Punjab. His lines of family

members were known as mystics and great poets. After years of North Indian musical

study, Khan relinquished his brilliant career to devote himself to a spiritual path and

became the founder of the Western civilization Sufi Order.

Khan understood deeply about seed sounds, or Bija Mantras. Bija literally means

seed in Sanskrit, and is based out of the Ancient Chakra System. Chakra is known as any

of several points of physical or spiritual energy in the human body, according to yoga

philosophy. Known to many that study the Yogic system, each Chakra or energy center
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within the body corresponds to a seed cluster of sounds. Khan was a teacher of the Bija
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Mantras, and reflected in his teachings how seed sounds were used to evoke elemental

processes for healing.

Elemental processes, in these terms, are based from a Universal understanding of

prime elements within the Universe such as: Earth, Water, Air, Wood, Fire and Ether

(Silence). These same elemental processes are used in the practices of Eastern Medicine

and Chinese Medicine of Acupuncture and Reflexology. Within a practitioner’s

understanding, the body is assessed for Elemental excess or depletion based on these

elements. The same principles are addressed, in which the practitioner uses the electro-

magnetic of the body and outer fields of energy, to ‘tune up’, and bring the body into a

more balanced state.

The practitioner within the use of Bija Seeds works to activate the Mantra of

elements, tune and stabilize, in much the same way, but by using sound and sound waves.

By having the client recite one mantra within a precise order, one is learning to bring

balance within one’s own elemental processes. The focus is on the tonal centers within

the body, corresponding to the energy centers used in the Yogic system. Khan uses the

words “tuning up,” to state, “Everyone feels in good health when their own tone is

vibrating, but if tone does not come to proper pitch than a person feels a lack of comfort.”

(Khan, 1983) 8
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 Bija Mantra are seed sounds that when said aloud, activate the energy of the chakras in

order to purify and balance the mind and body. When you speak the bija mantras, you resonate

with the energy of the associated chakra, helping you focus upon your own instinctive awareness

of your body and its needs.

Chakra- In Sanskrit, chakra translates into “wheel”. These “wheels” can be thought of as

vortexes that both receive and radiate energy. There are seven major energy centers (aka

chakras) in the human body. They run from the base of the spine to the crown of the head.

Emotions, physical health, and mental clarity affect how well each chakra can filter energy. This

in turn dictates how pure the energy is that is emitted from different regions of the body.

See Diagram A. Bija Seeds in connections with Chakras

Exhibit 1-Class Demonstration on Diagram A- Bija Seeds)

On the other hand, it is also understood that every expression and emotion that is

experienced places an imprint or change on the continuity of tone whether positive or negative.

It is within this type of interference that many believe changes can be made to affect one’s

health.

Khan makes a wonderful connection to this understanding by relating to the bell ringing

in the churches, and states, “It is not only a bell to call people, as it is to tune them up.” (Khan,

1987) Khan makes note that this goes back to an ancient practice and understanding.

Khan believes that physical illness is transferred from mind to body, or body to mind.

Khan believed the body reflects its order and disorder upon the mind, while the mind reflects its
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harmony and disharmony on the body. (Khan, 1987)

 In Indian mantras, Bija seeds, or sound syllables have a certain effect, just as every sound

within the magnetism of its vibration has an effect inward and outward. Within the mechanism

of the physiological function of whole body, vibrations have power and ability to move muscles,

blood circulation and nerves, and even permeate cell membranes.

If we refer to the human body as the living resonator, then sound affects all things within

it. Khan states, “Sound has an effect on each atom, on all glands, circulation of blood and

pulsation.” (Khan, 1987) With that said, we can realize that the science of sound can be

considered to be the greatest science in every condition of life and living. It is fact based that

every time we speak we assume a cycle of life by the breath behind it, which is then attached to

an electrical current and bio- feedback loops.

This can be seen in Diagram B-Electro-Magnetic Flow of Energy.

Chinese metaphysics educator and physician Ni Hua-Ching was born into a highly

spiritual family and is accomplished in the Tao. His father was a Tao master and teacher, who

was a highly respected doctor and carried a legacy in practicing Chinese Medicine for thirty-

eight generations. Ni began his training at the age of ten, in the mountains of China. Ni then

settled in Taiwan, and began his teaching career. In 1976, Ni moved to California and wrote

many works in English from his courses. Ni states: “Each of the six vibrations has a psychic

influence on its corresponding organ sphere which prompts the expulsion of impurities from the

sphere and its manifestations, and the gathering of fresh energy into each system.” (Ching, 1995)
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The Therapeutic Effects of the Healing Sounds

• Harmonize the organs

• Open the throat and increase oxygen into the blood stream

• Increase Qi flows

In nature, sound and healing dates back to the beginning of time, where; all animals have

used sound to express, communicate and to defend themselves. In time of stress and sickness, we

often emit different spontaneous sound that helps to heal and soothe us. The therapeutic effect of

primordial sounds became buried with the excessive use of sound as speech and singing. People

have forgotten how to use the primal healing sounds to heal themselves and others, with the

exception of few remaining aboriginal tribal shaman in the Amazon who still chant their healing

songs blowing away sickness.

Ching states,

“Parallel to the development of the mantra, the Taoist healing dated from 200

B.C. expands into the therapeutic and physical effects of the sounds on the organs.

The six healing sounds correspond to the organs as follows:

1. Sss to the Lungs (like the hissing of a snake)

2. Choo to the Kidney

3. Ssh to Liver (like telling someone to be quiet)

4. Ha to Heart

5. Ho to the Spleen
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6. Hee to the Triple Burner (synergy of the organs)

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 The Bases of the Curative Effect of the Healing Sounds are in its three major
functions

▪ By using the throat and the esophagus, the Taoist releases excessive heat from

the organs.

▪ By the shaping of the mouth and tongue, the resonance of the sounds stimulates

the internal movement of the organs.

▪ By coordination of physical movement with the sounds, the Healing Sounds

enable one to regain one’s natural freedom in breathing.” (Ching, 1995)

In many ancient beliefs, releasing excessive heat cools the organs, while the vibrations of

the sounds stimulate their functions. It is with the use of spontaneous free breath that causes us to

release from the conditional restricted habit of breathing, therefore allowing us to increase the

oxygen in our blood. (Ching, 1995)

From the teachings of Chinese medicine, Ching states,

“The systems of organs are more than just the physical organs. For example, the

heart is no mere pump but the seat of the consciousness. The organ, heart, has a

more general function of the nervous system. While the Spleen not only

responsible for the digestive system but also control and effect the overall

muscular system of the body.” (Ching, 1995)

****The 6 Healing Sounds serves as the triggering point for twigging the organs into balance
and indirectly deal with the other body systems.
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Ancient Egyptian Philosophy

John Stuart Reid is an acoustic engineer who carried out Cymatics research in the Kings

Chamber of the Great Pyramid of Egypt in 1997. Reid then published his results in “Egyptian

Sonics,” which contained photographs of cymatic patterns that were formed. Reid’s findings

demonstrated inherent resonances of granite which radiated a complex sound field. Reid

explored in the understanding of ancient sound healing, and states, “Sound Healing in Ancient

Egypt extends back to 4000 BC having a long tradition of vowel sound chant.” (Reid, 1997)

A Greek traveler, Demetrius, circa 200 B.C., wrote that the Egyptians used vowel sounds

in their rituals: ‘In Egypt, when priests sing hymns to the Gods they sing the seven vowels in due

succession and the sound have such euphony that men listen to instead of the flute and the lyre.’

Reid gives us an understanding of how old this system is, as he refers to the Corpus Hermeticum,

also containing a reference to the Egyptian’s use of sound as distinct from words. Reid mentions,

“This book was probably re-dated in the 1st century AD, but it is believed to be much older,

possible as early as 1400 BC: it stated in a letter from Asclepius to King Amman ‘As for us, we

do not use simple words but sounds all filled with power.” (Reid, 1997)

The Egyptians believed that vowel sounds were sacred, so much so that their written

hieroglyphic language contains no vowels. We can, therefore, safely assume that vowel sound

chant carried a powerful significance for their priests, and other highly regarded spiritual

teachers. Egyptian priestesses used sistra, a type of musical rattle instrument with metal discs

that creates not only a pleasant jangling sound but, as we now know, also generates copious

amounts of ultrasound. Ultrasound is an effective healing modality and is used today in hospitals
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and clinics, so it is entirely possible that in ceremonies in which many sistra’s were used, they
were not merely employed to enhance the musical soundscape, but were intended to enhance the

healing effect. In the wall scene below, from a temple erected by Queen Hatshepsut, three

priestesses play sistra, accompanying a harpist, another instrument known to have healing

qualities. See figure 1.

Fig. 1. Egyptian Priestess’s with Sistra in Queen Hatshepsut Temple. Hierglyphic Wall. 2011. Reid, J.
and Analiese Reid. A brief history of Sound Healing in Ancient Times. Temple of sound and
light.com/sound/lightdna/. Web. 2011
There are many chapels and chambers designed for healing, one being the healing chapel

at Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, which was dedicated to Amenhotep-son-of-Hapu. Amenhotep is a

deified healing saint closely associated with Imhotep who is largely recognized under the title of

‘physician.’ Imhotep’s repute was so great that 1,500 years after his death the Greeks identified

him with their healing god Asclepius. These two deified men Amenhotep-son-of-Hapu and

Imhotep were usually worshipped together in the same Egyptian healing temples.

It was John Stuart Reid’s acoustics research in the pyramids which has provided strong

evidence that the Egyptians designed their chapels and burial chambers to be reverberant in order
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to enhance sonic-based ceremonies. Reid mentions he underwent a significant healing of his

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lower back during his experiments in the King’s Chamber, which he attributes to the resonant
properties that actually come from the resonating granite within the grounds, in conjunction with

the actual pyramid construction. He conjectures that the acoustic resonance was deliberately

contrived by the Egyptian architects and thinks it is very likely that they were aware of the

healing properties of sound long before the Greeks. (Reid, 1997)

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Sound Healing in Ancient Greece

The Greek Pythagoras (circa 500 BC) was in a very real sense the father of music

therapy. The Pythagoras Mystery School, based on the island of Crotona, taught the use of flute

and lyre as the primary healing instruments, and although none of Pythagoras’ writings have

come down to us, we know of his philosophy and techniques from many contemporary writers.

With his use of the monochord single-stringed musical instrument uses a fixed weight to provide

tension. Pythagoras was able to unravel the mysteries of musical intervals, and further this

understanding. Iamblichus noted that: See figure 2

“Pythagoras considered that music contributed greatly to health, if used in the right way…He
called his method ‘musical medicine’…To the accompaniment of Pythagoras’ his followers
would sing in unison certain chants…At other times his disciples employed music as medicine,
with certain melodies composed to cure the passions of the psyche…anger and aggression.”
(Reid, 2011)

Fig. 2. Pythagoras playing music.

Reid, J. and Analiese Reid. A brief
history of Sound Healing in Ancient
Times. Temple of sound and
light.com/sound/lightdna/. Web.
2011

Excerpt: From the Greek Medical Learning it was many Arab scholars who deciphered the
framework within the uses which music therapy could be conceptualized. A passage states, “In
understanding “joy and delight,” into the substantial meaning of music, it is medicine. As
mentioned in Music as Medicine, music can manipulate the accidents of the soul, mitigating
those, which cause disease, and strengthening those, which prevent it. At a medical facility
named Perugia, dated back in 1348, it was recommended that the remedy from Black Death was
to seek joy and delight by means of melodies, songs and poetry.
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 In the Greco-Roman, period healing temples were used for ‘incubation,’ a process in

which patients underwent ‘dream sleep,’ among other known modalities. It seems likely that

music was used therapeutically during their stay. The reverberant spaces of the healing temples

and sanatoria were used to enhance the therapeutic aspects of musical instruments, mainly a

function of the parallel-facing stone walls. These stone walls were almost identical to the

sanatorium at Dendera, Egypt. (See figure 3)

[Fig. 3. Stone Walls of Sanatorium of

Dendera, Egypt. Reid, J. and Analiese
Reid. A brief history of Sound Healing
in Ancient Times. Temple of sound
and light.com/sound/lightdna/. Web.
2011.]

The Sanatorium at Dendera, Egypt

Note the small cells where patients would undergo dream sleep incubation and music therapy

In vowel sound chant, the production of vocal sounds is used rather than words. Many

eastern cultures developed variations of chant for healing and for spiritual ascension. Studies

have shown that vowel sound chant can bring about many positive physiological changes in the

body, and create an altered state of consciousness in which the chanter becomes serene. Among

many cultures that use vowel sound chant are the Tibetan monks who have a tradition extending

back at least a thousand years.

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 "Sound is the medicine of the future." Edgar Cayce

It is suggested that most ancient cultures used the power of sound to heal. Sound healing

had almost disappeared in the West until the 1930’s, when acoustic researchers discovered

ultrasound and its medical properties. With this discovery, research blossomed and today the

ancient art of sound healing is rapidly developing into a new science. There is now a mass of

research into the healing benefits of ultrasound, including its use in breaking up kidney stones

and even shrinking tumors. In addition, infrasound and audible sound are now recognized as

having immense healing properties.

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II. Music’s Physiological Effects -Sound waves

“Sound is a transfer of energy caused by any vibrating material and is transmitted by

longitudinal waves. Sometimes they are called compression waves.” (Harrison, 2004) Harrison

gives a very good explanation on how a sound waves move stating,

“When a sound wave is created, the wave of energy moves outward from the

source pushing the air molecules back and forth creating it to travel parallel to the

direction of the wave motion. The molecules next to the source of the sound are

forced outward and bump into other molecules, passing the sound vibrations onto

them, and so the energy of the vibrations radiates outward. When the wave arrives

at the audience, the molecules vibrate the individual's eardrums and the listener

interprets the vibrations as sound.” (Harrison, 2004)

In relating sound waves to music it is evident that sound waves have carried the energy of

the music through the medium of the air, but there are various mediums. Mediums can be air,

water or any solid material, as they are essential for the transmission of sound, because there

must be molecules to vibrate and transfer the energy. While Harrison explains the fact that we

can't see the sound waves in the air, he demonstrates how sound are created waves using a tuning

fork.

He states,

“The tuning fork is vibrating at 440 cycles per second. When dipped into the

water, a disturbance caused by the vibrations is clearly visible. The waves of

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energy have been transferred to the water. Our perception of sound is shaped by
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 the nature of the wave. When a loud musical note is created, the amplitude, or

height of the wave is greater: the louder the noise, the higher the wave. The waves

of this high-pitched note have a high frequency. This means that it is producing

far more waves per second than this low-pitched note: the higher the pitch, the

greater of frequency of waves.” (Harrison, 2004)

“Sound has an effect on the growth of neo-plastic and normal human cells in Vitro.” (Horden,

2000) Horden has offered much insight to musical solutions within the past and present of music

therapy, and states, “Cells and intracellular structures apparently vibrate dynamically. In

speaking of the vibration of music and its role in self-regulation, Horden makes a wonderful

point as he concludes; the incoming vibrations play a role in the cells self-regulation, affecting its

shape, motility and signal transduction.” (Horden, 2000) Horden brings up the point that those

incoming vibrations such as: sound waves are perhaps transferred from peripheral membrane to

the nucleus & DNA. Horden states, “Low frequency tones and regular slow rhythms restore

DNA.” (Horden, 2000)

There has been further research which has revealed much about how the brain processes

music and language. The research of Dr. Patel and many others, has given proof that when

music is processed through the brain, hierarchal complexes are developed, which not only means

neuronal communication is greatly developed, but right and left brain cross-relations are

functioning at a higher multitude. I will further the understanding of grey matter in this next

chapter from the writings of freelance medical journalist and copy- editor Sally Robertson. I
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will then introduce Dr. Patel, a wonderful source in the field of neurology, who has done
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research with a variety of experiments ranging from how music has affected those listening to it
as a relaxation, to the astonishing data that has been related in the regards to the release of

dopamine, which has been found to increase tolerance to pain while undergoing surgery. This

research revealed that the patient needed less pain medication, less anesthesia, and healed faster.

Another great study by Dr. Patel involved the research of non-music students versus

music students, which revealed greater amount of brain development of grey matter in the music

students. As I further this study within the area of sound, music and healing, I would like to

address the subject topic from a biological study of neuron communication. I now will explain

grey matter of the brain, in terms of understanding the importance it plays on cell communication

and dendrite connections of neural function.

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 A. Scientific Understanding of Grey Matter

The central nervous system is made up of two types of tissue: grey matter and white matter.

In “The Latest Developments in Life Sciences & Medicine” Nov. 5, 2014, Sally Robertson

wrote a research article stating,

“The grey matter of the brain is mainly composed of neuronal cell bodies and un-

myelinated axons. Axons are the processes that extend from neuronal cell bodies,

carrying signals between those bodies. In the grey matter, these axons are mainly

un-myelinated, meaning they are not covered by a whitish-colored, fatty protein

called myelin.” (Robertson, 2014)

Robertson went on to relate the greatest importance of grey matter, is that it is utilized in

processing information in the brain. From a physiological understanding she stated, “Structures

within the grey matter process signals generated to and from sensory organs. This tissue directs

sensory (motor) stimuli to nerve cells in the central nervous system where synapses induce a

response to the stimuli. These signals reach the grey matter through myelinated axons that make

up the bulk of the white matter in the cerebrum, cerebellum and spine”. (Robertson, 2014)

In order to understand the physiology, we must understand the biology in relation to cells.

Robertson gives a wonderful explanation of the relation of cells to capillaries within the grey

matter, in terms of transport nutrients. Robertson states,

“Also found in the grey matter are the glial cells (astroglia and oligodendrocytes)

and capillaries. The glial cells are the cells that transport nutrients and energy to
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the neurons and may even influence how well the neurons function and
 communicate. Because axons in the grey matter are mainly un-myelinated, the

greyish hue of the neurons and glial cells combine with the red of the capillaries

to give this tissue its greyish-pink color (after which it is named).” (Robertson,

2014)

(Show exhibit 2-The Dendrite and Neuron Communication System)

Now, as we can understand the brain function at the level of neuron function and complex

communication, I will now re-introduce Dr. Patel who has developed great research focused on

how the brain processes music and language. I feel he is a great candidate to use in my research

paper, because he is not only a neurologist in the field, but also involved in music therapy and

the vast possibilities of using music for healing, and health purposes.

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 B. Scientific Brain Study Experiments

In a NCCAM Integrative Medicine Research Lecture published on Aug 26, 2013,

Aniruddh (Ani) Patel, Ph.D, an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at Tufts

University researched how the brain processes music and language. He focused on what the

similarities and differences between the two reveal about each other, and corrects the brain itself.

He has pursued this topic with a variety of techniques, including neuron-imaging, theoretical

analyses, acoustic research, and comparative studies of nonhuman animals, which has come up

with some very substantial data to add to the theory of how sound and music affects the brain,

and has lasting effects. .

Dr. Patel has published more than 50 research articles and a scholarly book (Music,

Language, and the Brain, 2008, Oxford Univ. Press). Dr. Patel was awarded the 2009 Music Has

Power award from the Institute for Music and Neurologic Function in New York City. In this

lecture, Dr. Patel examined what measurable impacts musical listening and musical training had

on the human brain within three various experiments. The first experiment being the role of

emotion and the activation of internal reward system in connection to the dopamine process, the

second experiment was the transient effects in which the brain receives while under pain and

listening to music. This was conducted with patients undergoing hip surgery while listening to

music and the third was a research study of the lasting effects of structural and functional

changes of musically trained students, in juxtaposition to non-musical students.

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 In studying the role of emotion while listening to music, Patel found out that the internal

reward system that drives other systems gets highly activated. In identifying the reward system,

Patel found that the other involved systems were highly engaged in complex functions and

multiple mechanisms of other areas of brain function, which lead to at least six other pathways

and their events listed below:

1. Brainstem reflex pathway

2. Pathway Associated with emotional events
3. Visual imagery pathway
4. Episodic Memory pathway
5. Patterns of tension /release pathway
6. Emotional voice / emotional sounds pathway
See Model Diagram D- Model of Brain Hemispheres

See Model Diagram E- Function: Hormones and Neurotransmitter Connection

with Dopamine System

What this proved was that music involved multiple mechanisms at one time, which

engaged both right and left brain. This complex engagement was documented as Multiple

Mechanisms Theory and was used in justification for music therapy modalities. (Juntin &

Vastfall, 2008, Behavioral Brain Science)

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 Dr. Patel will continue to prove how Multiple Mechanisms Theory is addressed in an

experiment relating to the transient effects music has on surgery patients. Dr. Patel spoke about

Transient effects, and how he documented how the brain perceived music while undergoing pain.

Patel did this research with the experimentation of patients undergoing hip surgery while

listening to music. The patients chose the music to hear while undergoing anesthesia, and were

compared to patients who were not engaged in the music while under-going surgery. With the

music listeners the results were as follows:

1. 20% less cortisol released, in which is a stress hormone.

2. Activation of meso-limbic dopamine system (release of dopamine)
3. Down regulation of central nucleus of amygdale , which is the Pain
processing unit
4. There was greater engagement of cognitive/attention resources
The results proved that while patients were undergoing a critical surgery and listening to

music under anesthesia:

The cortisol released was less

There was an activation of the dopamine system, which identified the
internal rewards systems were extremely functional
The pain processing unit of the amygdale was less
The patient’s cognitive resources heightened leading to quicker results of
recovery.
Dr. Patel also proved in this experiment that the role of emotion, in the case of healing

and health for patients undergoing a very difficult surgery was altered in positive means by

listening to music.
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 When studying the lasting effects of brain within structural and functional changes of

musically trained students verses untrained music students, the results were documented as

follows: (Herholz & Zatorre, 2012)

1. Neurons associated with the cognitive part of the brain of language were
able to process hierarchical and complex information greater

2. The Corpus Callosum (grey matter) was greater

3. Process of speech was seen as cross-domain which means that the speech

activated parts of the brain were increased and crossed to the other side of

the brain which enhanced motor abilities, etc.

As mentioned earlier, Sally Robertson spoke greatly about the understanding of grey

matter, and how important of a role it plays to the function of brain plasticity, in regards to stored

memory and the function of neuronal communication.

One could see, just in this regard that music affects the whole cognitive part of the brain,

in terms of memory and language processing, but it also is cross –related to the other side of the

brain, affecting motor abilities, as well. With this in mind, how could we ever eliminate music

education from the educational school systems? If the benefit of music effects adults and

children greatly, could we not recognize the harm that prevails? Could we not realize that the

amount of attention deficit disorders and other disrupted- focused concentration disorders in our

children and youth are clearly a crisis related to the deficit of our own budget cuts? Music is not

only an art; it is a medical and scientific necessity within brain development. Please view (figure

4 ) below showing brain hemispheres and projections.

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Fig.4. Cerebral Cortex. Pearson
Education, Inc.
www.highlands.edu/academics web.
2011.

28
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 C. Impact of Living Organisms (Plants)

The role of music is a form of communication between people, as well as other living

organisms, specifically plants. Ancestral traditions and their knowledge frequently mention the

role of sounds for the health of people, plants and animals.

This study and research is of greatest value within a biological understanding bringing the

greatest of discoveries and theories together with the explanation that music has on plants. This

research not only points out the possible activation music can have on certain genes, it entails

cavitation (sounds in a liquid) processes, and the influence music can have on permeability of

membranes from certain sound frequencies, sequences, and resonant mechanisms which are

applicable in agriculture and human health care. Yannick Van Doorne, a doctor and engineer in

agriculture from Belgium, has been a passionate researcher in the study of electro culture since

1998.

Van Doorne gives special attention to a deeper explanation of the discoveries and

implications of scale resonance and scale waves. Van Doorne cites Joel Sternheimer, an

independent researcher, but most importantly a student of physicist Louis De Broglie, who was

greatly known for the DE Broglie Theory and research in quantum physics and interest in music,

which was coined as "the music of elementary particles.” This next ongoing section will detail a

biological understanding of a theory that represented a breakthrough in role of music and sound

within physics, molecular biology, as well as whole science.

29
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 A few experiments in agriculture will be presented that explain with great significance the

good sense of the discovery. Yannick Van Doorne states,

“Treating plant organisms with specific sound sequences permits the verification

of the theory by stimulating or inhibiting certain specific protein syntheses by

scale resonance. This application verifies the specificity of the predicted action of

a protein by research on specific protein sound sequences. Following this

discovery a technique is already patented internationally as Method for epigenetic

regulation of protein biosynthesis by scale resonance.” (Van Doorne, 2000)

Yannick Van Doorne continues to point out that applications in agriculture have shown

its great accuracy. Certain sounds and even some kinds of music can influence plant growth in

different ways. A lot of ancestral stories testify the role of music on plants and even much recent

research. Van Doorne gives examples of ways the influence of sound takes place and creates an

impact on living organisms from a deeper biological understanding. He states below:

“One way is that certain sound frequencies could possibly activate certain genes in

cells, and influence the growth and expression of the cells. A second way is

that sound frequencies resonate with objects. With every object a resonant sound

frequency can be found and calculated so that when playing that sound the object

would resonate. Resonant mechanisms can have profound impacts like glasses that

break; even on plants we can found resonant mechanisms. So the stomata can vibrate

and stimulate their opening and the air exchange, stimulate the exchange of carbon
30
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dioxide and oxygen with their environment. It is even through resonance with the
 stomata cavities that foliar nutrient and water uptake can be enhanced very

effectively. This technique was made famous as the Sonic Bloom applications of Dan

Carlson. It helps plants growing in a very effective and musical way. The sound

frequencies of nature sounds, like songbirds in every day or early morning in

springtime, is probably significant for stimulating plants growth and seed

germination”. (Weinberger, 1972)

Van Doorne brings understanding to the way sound acts in water, and speaks about the

cavitation phenomenon. He states, “Cavitation is a phenomenon caused by sounds in a liquid.

Certain sound frequencies can cause the creation of microtubules that resonate with the sound.

Those bubbles show very rapid resonance and they can also collapse causing important pressures

that can cause damage to their neighborhood, like the cell wall or the cell contents. The

oscillation of the micro-bubbles can cause micro-currents that could help the stirring or the

translocation of cell cytoplasm, molecules and proteins.” (Weinberger, 1972)

Van Doorne explains a fourth way sound interacts and explains ‘the property of sound

itself that exists as a wave propagating pressure variations’. Those pressure variations can

stimulate effects like movements of molecules like diffusion processes or stirring of liquids or

air. Another possibility how sounds interacts is by the phenomenon that is called "scale

resonance". The explanation of the process of scale resonance is discovered by the independent

quantum physicist Joel Sternheimer. In developing research in quantum physics comparing

vibration patterns of music he observed that the elementary particles behave in many ways and

patterns, which respect the patterns of harmony and vibratory organization that we find in
31

music.
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 To explain how this relationship between sound and cell organisms is possible, I would

like to recall how proteins are synthesized, which is a very complex understanding of DNA

proteins. One may ask, “What does this have to do with sound?” Sound changes cells, in which

can first be described through proteins which, are composed of amino-acids. Van Doorne goes

on to inform us, that the amino-acids we obtain through the decomposition of our food, that

plants build their amino-acids is with the absorption of plant nutrients and the help of the energy

of light during photosynthesis. The genetic program in each cell which is contained in the DNA

is used to build the specific proteins necessary with the amino-acids. Van Doorne states,

“A ribosome is a very stable place, a kind of bench on which protein biosynthesis

would be performed. On the other hand in the cell there are many transfers of

RNA and tRNA that carry amino-acids and bring them to the ribosome. The

mRNA moves over the ribosome and informs each time which amino-acid has

bound to another. This process for obtaining a chain of amino-acids then

becomes known as a protein. So the tRNA brings one after the other the specific

amino-acid to the ribosome like informed by the mRNA. A second tRNA brings

an amino-acid to the ribosome that is linked to the first, and a third amino-acid

would be linked to the second and so on forming an amino-acid chain.” (Van

Doorne, 2000)

Yannick Van Doorne wanted to show how the biological process was connected to sound

by explaining what happens at the moment when the amino-acid brought by its tRNA is being
32

hooked onto the ribosome. He refers to the discovery of Joel Sternheimer which depicted the
Page
amino-acid at that moment or emitting a signal, and is identified as a wave of quantum nature

which is precisely called a scaling wave, within the understanding of sound.

With all this said in simple terms, frequencies from sound permitted certain precise

actions, and these actions created signals. In studying these signals, it was not just the signals

that took high address, but the wavelengths of the signals that were vibrating at a high magnitude

from sound. At this level of wavelength study, who would know that it would be physicist

Louis de Broglie, and his known “Louis de Broglie equation,” that would be utilized into the

account of greater and deeper understanding within the study and impact that music and sound

had on living organisms? (Coghlan, 1994)

For many to believe how sounds and cells worked together, a sound concept of biological

study had to occur, which proved that music created a different structure to the forming of an

amino acid and the permeability of it. (Van Doorne, 2000)

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 C1. Effect of sound on living organisms

Yeast cells

The physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) cells growing in the presence of music

Fig. 5. Picture of Sound wave

vibration.www.jdy-ramble-
on.blogspot.com/2-14/04/whatdoes.
2014.

It is undeniable that music and sounds can strongly affect our emotions and mood, but so far

the study of physical stimuli provoked by sound waves on living organisms has been mostly

focused on brain and sensorimotor structures of animals rather than basal cell metabolism.

Using metabolomics and shake-flask cultivations under identical growth conditions it has

been proved by the Metabolomics Laboratory research, that the physiology of Saccharomyces

cerevisiae (yeast) cells growing in the presence of music, high frequency and low frequency

sound waves and cells grown in the silence not only increased significantly the growth rate of

yeast cells but they also reduced biomass yields.

Finding this information relevant to the impact that music has on living organisms, I briefly

cite The Metabolomics Laboratory research that defined the intra- and extracellular metabolite

profiles of the yeast cells as they were significantly different depending on the sound stimulus

applied. What was most interesting was that this research was able to identify a total of 55

different intracellular metabolites at which, 32 of those were detected at significant different

34

levels in at least one growth condition and 9 were unique to specific conditions from the
Page
presence of music. This result clearly demonstrates that sound does affect cell metabolism,

which opens an entirely new perspective for scientific investigation interfacing acoustics,

biophysics and biochemistry. This also impacts the greater understanding of not only how sound

affects cell metabolism and metabolic pathways, but specifically how they are affected by

specific sound frequencies. What this research depicted was how we may be able to use sound

waves to control cell growth and physiology, increase product yield, inhibit co-product formation

and improve productivity of fermentations, as well as, surpass cell permeability. (Aggio,

Obolonkin, Billas-Boas, 2012)

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 C2. Impact on living organisms within Cancer

Effect of Sound on Cancer Cells

Legitimate scientific work is now being done qualifying the effect of sound on cancer

cells, because they grow just as fast as yeast, and they are easy to study. This research also

signifies how sound is now being used as an important part of the healing process for cancer

patients, as it helps calm the mind and body, and assists in the management of pain. As, shown

previously in the understanding of music’s physiological effects, Dr. Patel’s research on the role

of emotion clearly pointed out how sound and music explicitly deals with pain. But, what is

more interesting is the results that Fabien Maman revealed in his study that exemplified using

various sounds to transform the cell structure of cancer cells.

In the early 80’s Fabien Maman, a French musician, acupuncturist and bio-energetician

was dedicated to the effects of sound and energy, within cancer cells. Maman devoted years

studying the effects of sound on human cells. In the early 80’s he conducted biological

experiments at the University of Jassieu in Paris, showing impacts of acoustic sound in human

cells and their energy fields. Experimenting with various acoustic sounds including the human

voice, gong, acoustical guitar and xylophone, he found that vibrations actually transformed the

cell structure. The human voice produced the most dramatic results, which he documented the

findings as exploding cancer cells and energizing healthy ones. Maman learned that ancient

traditions of ethnic cultures playing the gong had rich effects towards health and healing, and the

rich overtones of the gong being played for 21 minutes also caused the cancer cells to

disintegrate and ultimately explode. Maman believed that sound, color and movement are the
36

most effective tools we can use to dissolve negative energetic patterns. (Goldman, 2010)
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 D. The Sync Project

And here is the most cutting edge of modern science which entails the latest evolution, The

Sync Project from McGill University. This was another scientific and data project within the

realm of music health, which launched a great understanding and application in the field of

music health and healing, as its platform to harness music in the interest of improving health

through various software products. Their software scientifically maps the characteristics of

different harmonies, qualifying real-time biometrics and classifying objective measurements of

physiology.

With this platform, the study and findings of the therapeutic effects of music would

engage large populations, helping scientists; technologists and healthcare professionals develop

clinical applications for it. "People have always responded to music. Not just emotionally, but

biologically," says Alexis Kopikis, Co-founder and CEO of The Sync Project.

Kopikis states, "Research has shown that music has a profound effect on the human

brain." (Kolpikis, 2013) Research from McGill University suggests music is capable of

moderating neural systems such as inducing the release of pleasure-enhancing hormone

dopamine in the brain. This 2013 study from McGill University is available on PDF:

http://daniellevitin.com/levitinlab/articles/2013-TICS_1180.pdf

Here is a video on why Music makes you feel amazing: https://youtu.be/0-X7ptXN-Cg

37

Another video on a brief understanding of what music does to the brain positive and
Page

negative: https://youtu.be/JpUVMpX62nw
 So, far we have learned what the effects of music and sound has on our brain, plant and

cell function, which substantiates the facts that conclude how sound, rhythm and music can have

a very positive and significant impact on living organisms, whether listening, producing music

within the body, or studying music. Whether biological or physiological the results are as

follows:

1. Greater grey matter growth and development creates higher neural function

2. Within the role of emotion the internal rewards systems and the dopamine functions
are increased

3. Transient effects of pain and how music controls the cortisol levels within the brain
and stimulates the dopamine process creates a greater physical healing process.

4. Lasting effects in which musically trained candidates were depicted with higher
neuronal activity and greater connection within the communication of dendrites and
neurons.

5. Impact on living organisms from a biological approach within plants and plant cell
structures...

6. Impact on living organisms, as Horden mentions music having the capability of

retarding the growth of cancer cells in vitro and exploding cancer cells. (Hordon,
2000)

E. Neural Systems

Many ways the brain is musical from birth. We are born with a musical brain, and the

potential for music has been proven to already be imprinted in our brain and hemispheres.

Continued exposure to music greatly integrates masses of complex information through the
38

isomorphic nature of the brain. This identifies that a musical brain increases with the process of
Page

living if it is exercised, utilized or executed within a supporting community and environment.

 In other words, this could be understood that factors of music experience, health,

education and healing, our brains are highly developed into hierarchal structures which causes

high level of integration between the left and right hemispheres of the brain within very complex

information processing and communication systems.

Many music therapists had began to study higher laws of physics, which caused greater

modalities in the field to evolve by them. It was through the study of whole systems theories

that music therapists and educators in the field began to further their research. I will now

explain and focus on whole systems theories, which gave way for many musical therapist’s

modalities and working applications. These working applications such as: Unified Field Theory

originated by Jose Arguelles, a principle teacher and mentor of aboriginal continuity were used

for deeper psycho-therapy and treatment of complementary medicine.

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 Higher Law of Physics

Whole Systems Theory

As with cell cultures, music can create specific physiological changes and effects within

the neuro-physiological and biological rhythms, that pertains to vital functions of the body

(organs, tissues and cells). To understand how music has developed into music therapies,

information in regards to whole systems theory is crucial, as it relates to the bigger picture of

our Universe, Earth and Ecology equating to higher laws of physics. I find it pertinent to

address these laws which gave way for musical therapists’ furthered modalities and working

applications for humankind.

Music has been used to affect and help treat various disorders such as: Autism, Repressed

emotion disturbances, Attention deficit disorder and Compulsive disorders. The physiological

effects that come with these dysfunctions can be measured from extreme to slight diagnosis, or

could possibly go without diagnosis.

Gaston shares the research of Berkowitz and Rothman in the understanding of children

and adolescents with behavior disorders stating, “Anxiety can interfere with intellectual

functioning, judgment and emotional stability, and distort the individual’s entire personality

pattern.” (Berkowitz and Rothman, 1960), (Gaston, 1968) Gaston implies that while it is a gift

to work with ones who have difficulty in self-expression, or isolation in terms of rigidly being

inhibited, it is also a theory based field of working applications. Not everyone in the area of

music has the gift of making others in these communities feel invited and included into

participation. (Frank, 1961) (Gaston, 1968)

40
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 Therapy must be handled with great care, along with theory and applications that promote

self-expression, socialization, communication, relationships, as well as, learning mobilization

and other therapeutic objectives. Whether, one listens to music, creates a coping and healing

mechanism for oneself; or sounds the music from within the body, it is valid that the process in

creating an inner healing is highly related with the outer electro-magnetic sound waves and

vibration frequencies. This exploration stretches from a vast cosmological understanding to a

bio-physiological function, which I will discuss further.

The proven facts were demonstrated earlier, in relation to music students in Dr. Patel’s

research whom had increased grey matter in their brain hemispheres. Increased gray matter

leads to the increase of nutrients and communication of neurons. There are many more in the

field that have done great research within the cause of disease and illness, and have related the

information to a whole systems theory within music therapy. This whole systems theory, in

which I am going to expand on, contends to a loss or sense of loss from a natural order. It

suggests that the cyclic process of energy is equally valid in many modalities of music and sound

therapy and healing.

As, pointed out earlier in this research paper, Nzewi coins the understanding from the

insight of African music and healing, as a cyclic process. This understanding also was correlated

to the history of the Bija Seed Principle within the recitation of the Mantra based out of the

Indian healing systems. What was most fascinating was the fact that whole systems theorists

were developing a theory based approach, to create a mainstream methodology and application

in music therapy that identified many of these ancient cultures and understanding into their
41

understanding.
Page
 In relation to cyclic process, let me first address how these cycles or loops of energy, as

well as, electro-magnetics have come to the foresight in scientific research. Many theorists

gained concern for our evolution, in terms, of loss from natural order and cyclic process of

energy, which furthered the need to substantiate a whole systems theory. One of the greatest

researchers who contributed and made an impact in whole systems theory thinking was Jose

Arguelles. Arguelles equated the loss of natural order to a state of holonomic amnesia and

forgetfulness of the primordial order. (Kenny, 1989)

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3-1: Unified Field Theory As it applies to Music Therapy

Arguelles, an artist and writer who focused on issues of consciousness, elaborated the

concept of a noosphere (based on the work of Teilhard de Chardin and Vladimir Vernadsky) as a

global work of art. The noosphere is the sphere of human thought. The word derives from the

Greek νοῦς (nous "mind") and σφαῖρα (sphaira "sphere") Arguelles, specifically envisioned a

"rainbow bridge" encircling the Earth, and believed that one of the ways to recover from this

primordial forgetfulness was to guide the consciousness to travel, and in that he came up with the

insight of aboriginal continuity. (Arguelles, 1987)

Arguelles was one of the originators of the Earth Day concept (due in part to the

influence of astrologer Dane Rudhyar), Argüelles founded the first Whole Earth Festival in

1970, at Davis, California. He is best known for his leading role in organizing the 1987

Harmonic Convergence event, for inventing (with the assistance of his wife Lloydine) the

perpetual Dreamspell calendar (a circular calendar) in 1992, and for the central role that he

played in the emergence of the 2012 phenomenon. (Arguelles, 1987)

Argüelles' principal teacher and mentor was the unconventional Tibetan Buddhist and

former monk Chögyam Trungpa, with whom he studied at Naropa University (then the Naropa

Institute) in the mid-1970s. Astrologer Dane Rudhyar was also one of Argüelles' most influential

mentors. Argüelles cited several Native American and New Age influences, among them Hopi

elders Dan Katchongva and Thomas Banyacya and Lakota medicine man Arvol Looking Horse
43

as well as part-Cheyenne author Frank Waters; part-Lakota, former Mormon, Beat Generation
Page

poet Tony Shearer; Anishinaabe spiritual leader Vincent La Duke (a.k.a. Sun Bear); Chuluaqui
Quodoushka founder Harley Reagan; Brooke "Medicine Eagle" Edwards; and Diane Fisher

(a.k.a. Dhyani Ywahoo). (Arguelles, 2002)

Arguelles was an eclectic amalgam of Mayan and Aztec cosmology, the I Ching, the

Book of Revelation, ancient-astronaut narratives and more. It was united by an urgent concern

with time, in particular with the way time is parceled out in modern industrial societies.

Arguelles referred to aboriginal continuity as “An intuitive level of awareness which retains the

sense and structure of primordial order necessary and critical to civilization advancement. With

that said, Arguelles proposed a model of “Unified Field Theory,” in terms of a resonant

mechanism, in which would not only become a systems thinking that dealt with forces of

energy, but as well, a means to how those forces could be resolved within the balance of the

physiological and physical body. With that said, the organizational aspects of sound in music

became a prime resource these field thinkers began to gravitate towards within the area of

psychotherapy and music therapy. (Kenny, 1989)

It was Jose Arguelles who understood field theory greatly as it dealt with elemental

forces and realized how these forces resolved as well as the impact of forces, and their responses.

Arguelles felt that we as a culture are becoming lost from the sense of natural orders, holonomic

forces and energies. Arguelles used the description of holonomic amnesia, to define this state of

forgetfulness of primordial order and felt that technological advancement was deriving out of a

place of mechanical error, opposite to earth’s cyclic process. Arguelles felt, like many that when

the calendar system changed to the Gregorian calendar, we tried to fit a square in a circle, and

have been trying ever since. Many knew at this time that these concepts of changing a circular
44

pattern to a squared one, was a backward step for our future understanding and would carry
Page
heavy consequences. Arguelles used the term aboriginal continuity, as mentioned earlier, as he

felt one of the ways to recovery would be to retain an intuitive level of awareness, within the

sense and structure of primordial order reflected in nature. (Kenny, 1989)

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 3-3

Ecological Approach

It should be notated that this type of field systems thinking was not accepted as the norm

in the world of science, but created a starting place between 1965-1974, for many to begin with

the concern of biological phenomena, the sense of unity of man and the ecology as well as the

sense of interrelatedness of elements within the living organism. Within these perspectives,

many were finding an ecological approach to sound healing of music. At this point, one of the

greatest designs came into the foresight as Field of Play, which was designed as a mental

concentration process that allows one to focus and appreciate what is in the field, that being

conditions and relationships.

***See Diagram F. Vesica Pisces.

This Music Therapy approach designed by Kenny was based on the symbol of the vesica

pieces, in which two energies emerge and become an emerging space or representation of a

mutual sharing of space. Kenny created the sense of space as home base relating it to sacred and

safe. It was out of this space that all became the emerging process of:

1. Musical form: feelings, thoughts, sensations, behaviors

2. Space of experimentation, modeling, imitation of sound forms which

express, communicate behavioral orientations, issues of growth and
change.

3. The Holographic Model.

46

Wilber states,
Page
 “Our brain mathematically constructs concrete reality by interpreting
frequencies from another dimension, realm of meaning, patterned
primary reality that transcends time and space. The brain is a hologram.
You can’t [realistically] honor various methods and fields within it,
without showing how they fit together in the bigger world. That is how
to make a genuine world philosophy” (Wilber, 2008.)

Music theorists have since used or identified to these models of understanding centered

around harmony between logic and intuition, and created: an attention to process, as well as

sensation for consciousness and essential elements. Establishing a healthy catharsis and finding

a means of reorganization became the prime work for most music therapists. Kenny, a music

therapist relates to her works in music therapy as: “Stories and music that communicate implied

patterns of experience that came from old ways, but became new values describing life through.”

(Kenny, 1989) Kenny states that her model is based out of five working principles which are as

follows:

1. Musical space
2. A field of play
3. State of consciousness
4. Ritual
5. Creative processes

Kenny states, “Joseph Campbell’s concept of “human constants,” and Khan’s idea of

dialoguing within a community of professionals, should be cherished. Through identifying the

constants in our experience and perceptions, perhaps there is hope of establishing a home base in

which to dialogue in a community of humans, who are indeed fragile and vulnerable creatures,
47

given the inadequacies of our communication systems. (Kenny, 1989)

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 Maybe it is possible to find our way back to the creative process, which may heal our

holonomic amnesia. This belief in which Kenny relates to in the “field of play,” is an ecological

and environmental model that contains a basis of organic orientated energy within its process.

Kenny speaks about the wholeness which conforms to ancient healing practices and

systematically employs the arts for healing. This model has identified potentials that have been

used by many music therapists aiding in the increase and development of the psyche role of

perceptions, as well as furthered experience of intuition through various states of awareness and

dimensions of reality.

Many other music therapists such as: Helen Bonny, Charles Eagle, Ruud, Boxill, Mary

Priestly have applied these methodologies into psychological and educational practices and they

have been led to great success and enrichment, in the field of treatment and education. The truth

for Kenny reveals that beauty exists everywhere, and by examining this beauty, the possibilities

might be the door that opens our perception to be guided and informed into the facilitation of

human growth and development.

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 Higher Laws of Understanding Music and Healing –Translating Vibrations of Energy

David Mirayes wrote a wonderful paper entitled, “Music and the Human Electromagnetic

Field,” that brings justification to the importance of electromagnetic fields within the vibration of

music. Mirayes states,

“The human electromagnetic (EM) field instantly dances to the beat of audible

music, regardless of heart rate in beats per minute or level of mental

concentration. Music can be used to bring order to the body's electricity, with

significant coherence measured at between 4Hz and 16Hz. This increased

coherence within the EM field leads to concentrated electromagnetic discharges

of significant amplitude and duration, indicating peak experience.” (Mirayes,

2014)

Mirayes deals with the question of how can we understand the human electromagnetic

fields, if we cannot identify the whole universal understanding of electromagnetic energy and

vibration? Mirayes makes the point in his research that all electromagnetic fields are connected

together, and the connection and understanding was already placed in position for us to relate to,

from the basis of Energy conservation, Entropy and Symmetry conservation stem. Mirayes

makes note that these teachings came from the greatest understanding of the world’s history, the

pyramid structures of Ancient Egypt. It would take one who understood the field of

electromagnetic universe as it was conceptualized in the pyramids to really know what

electromagnetic energy is. It is with this mystery that the Bermuda triangle still exists to bring

certain force-fields into play with such magnitudes that causes things to instantly disappear when

they become to close or within these magnetic forces. (Mirayes, 2014)

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 Global magnetic understanding has to be reckoned with as a power within itself, that

might not ever be fully understood, but it is with great aptitude we will continue to try and

conceptualize its forces universally and within our physical bodies, as it is related to sound and

sound physics.

In this next chapter, I will bring into concept the “Trinity Triangle,” as it pertains to the

Hologram, or energy forces. This understanding is correlated to the Vesica Pisces, or symbol

therapist Kenny uses in her description to define sacred space, in terms of two circles intersecting

each other. This symbol can be furthered understood in the higher laws of sound, or sound

energies, in regards to the same meaning.

The Trinity Triangle as it pertains to the Hologram, or energy forces.

Speaking in terms of physical models, the Trinity triangle is the precursor of the "Energy

Tetrahedron". In the 2-dimensional drawing of the tetrahedron model in the diagram below, a

"doubling" of the three triangle lines occurs - almost reminiscent of chromosome doubling in

biological cell division.

Gowan, a physicist and researcher in the field makes note of the Energy Tetrahedron, as

it relates to energy conservation, and introduced us with energy conservation laws. Gowan

speaks in relation to the charges of matter, as electrical currents which are experienced from an

outer universal conception. Gowan correlated this conception to an inner understanding of how

the body and mind work together within this connection. I feel this information is pertinent, as I

will later relate to disorders of Autism, ADHD, Obsessive-Compulsary and Regressed emotions

within the use of complementary medicine and music therapy. See figure 6.
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Fig. 6. Diagram of Energy
Conservation in Symmetric “Trinity of
Light” Symbol. Gowan, J.A. www.
People.cornell.edu/pages/jag8/index.
html. 2009.
51
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Magnetic Energy: Conservation Laws: A Tetrahedral Model, (Revised June, 2014)

Gowan acknowledges the collaboration of August T. Jaccaci in developing the General Systems

Model and concepts discussed in his study and research. Gowan further compiles an in-depth

study of Unified field theory in a writing stating, “The simple story of the Cosmos is the

devolution of light to matter followed by the evolution of matter back to light - as required by

Noether's Theorem (the conservation of light's symmetry), and as regulated by the four

conservation laws of the "Tetrahedron Model". (Gowan, 2009)

To many that acknowledge the information of energy as simple ontogeny, they might be

underestimating the potential. Gowan prefers to think of the reciprocation as; the Universe

apparently seeks self-awareness, self-knowledge, and self-experience, and explains, “Perhaps

this is the goal of, or justification for, all the effort involved in manifestation.” (Gowan, 2014)

Gowan understood the concept that negative entropy of gravity and Natural Selection drives the

evolutionary mechanism of biological matter, with DNA providing replication and the genetic

system providing information conservation through heritable genes. (Gowan, 2014)

Gowan states,

“Because of its genetic system, life has become a biological conservation domain

of molecular information, with humanity advancing this principle evolutionary

axis of the Cosmos (Chardin's view) through abstract thought, symbolic writing,

science and technology. Our planet is in her reproductive phase, with humanity as

her dispersal agents, seeking new territory in the Galaxy. The natural tendency to

evolve complex information systems of planetary size (and beyond) can be seen
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as the simple outgrowth of matter's search for antimatter (locally employing

 human intelligence in the quest), and a reprise of the original unity, symmetry,

and connectivity of the primordial light Universe.” (Gowan, 2014)

As stated earlier, Mirayes makes the relation of electromagnetic energy to the universal

model of the tetrahedron diagram. This is a model of the conversion of free electromagnetic

energy (light) into bound electromagnetic energy (matter), and their consequent relationship, as

Gowan states further correlates to Arguelles understanding of unified field theory. Though

Gowan’s research details the information of matter within free to bound energy and its relation

with the cosmological spheres, he connects this energy to the kinetic energy of massive particles

from a macroscopic to microscopic level.

Gowen uses the tetrahedron diagram, to draw a valid understanding from the

interrelationship of four conservation laws, principles, and their corollaries which underlie or

regulate the operation of the four forces of physics. This is a valid principle for this research

paper, as Gowan breaks down the unified field theory into four forces (elements), and makes it

easier to understand the Unified Field Theory. It also ties into the whole systems approach that

Jose Arguelles used in his forward to correlate unity of man with the ecology and the

interrelatedness of the elements of living organisms. In relation, Gowen supports Arguelles

principles stating,

“This is the ground of natural law which is antecedent to the unified field theory,

principle from which the four forces are derived. These four principles are: 1)

Energy Conservation (1st law of thermodynamics); 2) Entropy (2nd law of

thermodynamics); 3) Symmetry Conservation (Noether's Theorem); 4) Causality-

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Information (law of cause and effect - "karma"). It is a postulate of the

 "Tetrahedron Model" that these four principles constitute a "minimum linked set",

providing a necessary foundation for understanding the Unified Field Theory in

the sense of elucidating the relationship between, and the common derivation of,

the four forces of physics.” (Gowen, 2014)

It is from the understanding of the Tetrahedron Model and Unified Field Theory that

research pivoted into development of sound healing and devices known in modern times. Many

discoveries were being made in which understood how sound accelerated healing. This research

became one of the greatest to open doors for many in the area of sound healing and music

therapy, as we now know it.

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Development of Sound Healing and Devices in Modern Times

These forms of physics were now becoming a bridge into modern scientific technology in

the development of sound healing devices. They first appeared in 1928, when German scientist

Erwin Schliephake discovered that sound accelerated healing. He created an acoustic device

known as the Novasonic that is still available today.

In 1938 another German scientist, Raimar Pohlman, demonstrated ultrasound's

therapeutic properties in a Berlin physiotherapy clinic. By the 1950's ultrasound had become a

widely used sound healing modality. Even to this day the underlying healing mechanism is not

fully understood. It was the 1950’s that brought another British osteopath, Peter Guy Manners to

the forefront, as his research in ultrasound was able to develop in an audible sound healing

modality called Cyma therapy.

A company called Cyma therapy International bought the rights for the technology from

Manners and now manufactures the Cyma therapy machine in the USA. Their version uses

advanced computers to create ultra pure tones, mostly in sets of five. It has 700 codes that

address a huge range of injuries and ailments.

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Study of Sound Inventions

The tuning fork was invented in 1711 by John Shore (d. 1752), the renowned musician,

instrument maker and trumpeter to the English Royal Court and favorite of George Frederic

Handel (1685-1759). Before this innovation, musicians requiring a standard musical pitch had to

rely on wooden pitch pipes, which were rather unreliable being much affected by changes in

temperature and humidity. The tuning fork, in contrast, holds its pitch across a wide range of

environmental conditions and produces a very pure tone.

With the invention of the tuning fork by John Shore and its further development by

Frenchman Rudolph Köning, the study of sound eased considerably. Later breakthroughs in

sound were made in 1842, when Christian Doppler first identified and quantified the change in

pitch that occurred when a source of sound moves toward or away from a stationary observer, or

an observer moves toward or away from a stationary source of sound. This effect now bears his

name and is known as the Doppler Effect.

Other modern contributors to the study of sound include the likes of Helmholtz, Lord

Rayleigh, Weber, Fechner, Fletcher, Bekesy and Mach, who observed the Mach cone and whose

name gives us the Mach number, which is how fast an object is going compared to the speed of

sound.

The Brain Tuners work for learning disorders, lack of focus, trouble sleeping. They

promote enhanced creativity and increased learning ability. Tuning forks work to shift one’s

awareness into different states of attention. When one feels fatigued but needs to be alert, or feels

awake but wants to rest, the tuning forks serve to balance ones electrical magnetic field, and
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work with the Delta, Theta, Alpha and Beta waves.

 Brain Tuners from Biosonics are based on brain wave studies using

electroencephalography (EEG) technology to map different states of consciousness known as

Delta, Theta, Alpha, and Beta. Delta is associated with deep sleep, while theta waves are

associated with meditation and dream states, and alpha is associated with relaxed awareness,

creativity, and heightened learning, while beta is associated with high alertness and focus.

Sound and music has been the prime focus in many healing modalities used in music

therapy. It has been affective in serving as complementary medicine to many disorders. In

particular Autism, ADHD, Obssesive-Compulsary disorders, as well as regressed emotional

states. I will continue to show how music therapy is used to help in these conditions and the

great success of music therapy and its many uses.

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 IV.Complementary Medicine

Music has developed potentials and restored functions of ability enabling better social,

physical and mental functions. Music has been found to integrate one’s life into a societal way

of living to lead a better quality of life in terms of prevention, rehabilitation and treatment. (41)

In this part of the research, I will gather information from particular disorders and site the

various philosophies on their causes. I will cite case studies which will explore many opinions

that occupy a position on the spectrum of musical possibilities in the area of psycho-

physiological effects and music’s healing potentials, in cases of Autism, Attention Deficit

Disorder, Obsessive –Compulsory disorder and Emotional regression. I will list them in the said

order as above.

What a wonderful process to research and validate that music has served its purpose over

and beyond, in treating the brains circuitry, physical and physiological dysfunctions at a cell and

hormonal level, as well as within a social level. Many of the disorders described in this next

chapter, there is immense impact upon the individual that is consistently pointed out and drives

the fact, that whether the brain has impacted ones learning ability or concentration, it also

correlates to one’s social function, or how one relates to the self within their environment of

work, education and interrelationships.

I will also expand on the said disorders of Autism, ADHD, Obsessive-Compulsory

disorder, and emotional regression, and relate them to the use of complementary medicine and

music therapy. I have been fortunate to work within these categories, in the field of music and

music therapy, and have witnessed firsthand the effects and benefits music has had in the
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benefits of health and healing for my clients and students. I have learned to rename some of the
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stereo-typed labels of disablement, as I now refer to them as “gifted.” For I have evidenced

these gifts, as the pursuit of light that is emitted from each person, and recall that it is this light

which will remain to bring us all to light.

Autism falls under the category of Pervasive Developmental Disorder, which is marked

by impaired social interactions, unusual communication and inappropriate responses to stimuli.

(Comer, 2010) As, the research was furthered from the initial studies of American Psychiatrist,

Leo Kanner in 1943, there have been greater connections and understanding based around the

unresponsiveness to others that is displayed in this disorder. The central features of Autism were

noted as: extreme aloofness, lack of interest in others, low empathy and inability to share

attention with others. (Siegal & Ficcaglia, 2006)

Gillis states “There is also a language and communicational problem, in which sufferers

fail to speak or develop language skills.” (Gillis & Romanczyk, 2007) As the identifications of

the social interactions and unusual communications are cited, the treatments are geared toward

helping people to adapt to a better environment through behavioral and communication training,

as well as community integration. (Volkmar, 2001)

What is most interesting is the physiological understanding of the brain in autistic

disorders. It is mentioned from a research web page, that the dendritic spines branched out from

the neurons serve in providing a greater communication system to other neurons. When the

spines do not get close enough to the other neurons, the signals cannot be transmitted, relating to

a false synapse, or false communication. (Show exhibit on dendrite and neurons)

When things go wrong with the transmission of signals, the functions of the brain
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hemispheres and memory cannot perform correctly. This goes for the stored chemicals within
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the neurons, as well. In this case, the neurons become malfunctioned, and as the spines of the

dendrites get disturbed they become mutated (reversed) which results in regression or backwards

development. This action of altered function can literally bring a chemical imbalance within the

neurotransmitters of glutamate and glycerin. This chemical imbalance of amino acid

neurotransmitters becomes the crossing of wrong messages, communication and brain functions.

In relating to the earlier research identified by Patel, in his study of music education, he

gave a great example of how one group of music students showed significant grey matter

increase and neuronal branching expansion, while the non-music group had less grey matter and

less neuronal branching. Again, I will provide an exhibit of the dendrite branching as an

illustration.

In terms of music therapy, it is defined by the American Music Therapist Association, the

use of music intervention was to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic

relationship. As mentioned, music targets specific neurotransmitters and certain regions within

the brain such as:

Dopamine effects: (Definitions of brain regions listed below)

Ventral Striatum: The ventral striatum is a part of the brain. It's a part of the brain structure

known as the striatum and is interconnected with the limbic system. It's believed that the ventral

striatum has some involvement in motor movement as well as some emotional responses,

particularly those related to pleasure and behavioral motivation.

The striatum, also known as the neostratium or the striate nucleus, is a subcortical

structure, meaning that it's located deep inside the brain. It's situated in the forebrain, which is
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the area behind the frontal bone in the forehead region. "Striatum" is a collective term for the
interconnection of several brain structures, which, together, are part of the deep brain structure

known as the basal ganglia (wisegeek.com, 2015)

Cingulate gyrus: The cingulate gyrus is an arc-shaped structure in the center of the

brain, which is known as the cingulate cortex. This structure also is referred to as the callosal

gyrus in some texts because of its position directly above the corpus callosum. Commonly

associated with cognitive flexibility, stimulation studies have found this structure to be

responsible for emotional sensations such as fear, anxiety or pleasure and the associated physical

responses to those emotions. Animal studies show variation in the thickness and presence of the

cingulate gyrus across the animal kingdom. It is associated with communication, sociability and

maternal behavior. The more highly developed this structure is in an animal, the more clearly it

expresses language and attachment. Notably, reptiles and amphibians, which are likely to eat

their young, completely lack this neurological structure. This part of the brain's primary function

is in facilitating cognitive adaptability in humans. The cingulate gyrus helps people to be flexible

in learning and processing new situations. (wisegeek.com, 2015)

Orbital Cortex: The orbitofrontal cortex is the smallest part of the frontal lobe in the

brain. Located within the cranial cavity directly behind the eyes, this region of the prefrontal

cortex is involved in a large part of the decision-making process. Part of this brain structure plays

a role in the creation of pleasurable or unpleasant sensations evoked by many flavors and smells.

During tests that measure brain activity, it is seen to be highly active throughout tasks that

involve learning new information.

Different parts of the orbitofrontal cortex control several aspects of learning and
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behavior. The medial part, or middle of this brain structure, helps the brain process the reward
aspect of behavior reinforcement. Lateral or side portions of it helps the brain to process the

punishment value of actions. Interactions between the reward and punishment processors in the

orbitofrontal cortex are an important factor in a person’s ability to learn from mistakes and

change destructive behavior patterns. (wisegeek.com, 2015)

Nucleus Accumbens: The nucleus accumbens (NA) is a small part of the brain that is

important for motivation, pleasure, and addiction. Sometimes called the brain's “pleasure center,”

this cluster of neurons modulates the effects of the neurotransmitter dopamine, on which many

neural circuits depend. The nucleus accumbens is a link in the brain pathways that cause

addiction and depression. Damage to this region of the brain causes a lack of motivation and

inhibits addictive behavior.

There are two nuclei accumbens, one located in each hemisphere of the brain within the

striatum, a subcortical region that helps control planned movement of the body. They are

composed of an inner core and outer septum. Both are connected to their respective hemisphere's

limbic system, the collection of neuronal groups in the temporal lobe that influences emotions

and behavioral motivation. One limbic region, the amygdala, modulates strong emotional

reactions and habits. The nucleus accumbens is believed to mediate between the amygdala and

the various motor responses that accompany habit formation. (wisegeek.com, 2015)

(See Diagram E. Dopamine)

All of the above also affects the Amygdala and Hippocampus associated with the

emotions of negativity. Amygdala and Hippocampus are known as the Meso-limbic pathway,

which is a brain circuit that depends on the neurotransmitter dopamine. It enables habit
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formation by linking certain behaviors to the sensation of pleasure. For this reason, it is also
called the brain's reward pathway. Since dopamine malfunction has been associated with

schizophrenia and movement disorders, medication treating these diseases interacts with the

mesolimbic pathway in complex ways that sometimes result in psychiatric and physical side

effects.

Within the central nervous system, the mesolimbic pathway runs from the ventral

tegmental area of the midbrain through the limbic system of the temporal lobe, the

hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens. The last structure is responsible for the release

of dopamine that signals pleasure or reward to many brain regions. Neurotransmitters like

GABA and glutamate also moderate the action of the pathway, but its primary functions are

affected by neurons that respond to dopamine (wisegeek.com, 2015)

Glutamate is connected to conditional learning. It is the interaction of glutamate levels,

afferents and the amygdale that are associated with emotion and motivation. With all of these

physiological changes that happen to the brain within the functions of an autistic disorder, there

has been great success with the use of music therapy as it enables people with this condition to

express their feelings, as well as feel a sense of empowerment.

Music therapy has the ability to target the cognitive and emotional factors. Drumming is

a wonderful source to use for Autism, as it affects the brain and certain neurotransmitters,

allowing the drums to act effectively as a biological treatment method. (Myrick, 2014)

In my experience of conducting African drumming circles and drum clinics, I was

fortunate to be able to instruct a young boy who was diagnosed with Autism. I would conduct
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drum workshop and clinics at a community center, as his mother would bring him once a week to
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my clinics. When, I first started working with this 12 year old boy, his mother stated that the
regular school systems were not allowing him to go to school with the rest of general population,

and she was very emotional about this. She stated she was home schooling him since the age of

ten and he now is twelve. He also was receiving other therapy treatments from an Autistic clinic.

I was fortunate to work with him for approximately one (1) year, and in that year I received

great results.

I first created a sense of community, in which established a sacred community, or sacred

circle. I did not change any of the teachings to what I perceived as an easier format. I delivered

the workshops, just as I would for any child of his age group. After, a six month period, this

student was playing the drum rhythms just like any other student. He was interacting well with

the other musical assistants, and began coming out to our musical community events, as well.

In the second half of the year his mother approached me, and stated her son was now

being accepted to a special program within the regular school system. She was extremely happy

and felt the drumming clinics had contributed to her son’s success in creating the growth and

development of his social interactions, and concentration skills.

In my awareness, the drumming clinics helped this young boy learn to develop his social

skills to a level where he could adapt to regular school children, and normal community settings.

He also gained growth and development in his attention span, and focused concentration skills,

which proved to me that his dendrite and neuronal capacity was strengthening in the area of mass

neuronal communication and integral complex structures of right and left brain intercrossing.

These areas of improvement caused my student to strengthen his cognitive abilities, as well as

his motor function, and hand –eye coordination.

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See Exhibit 3- In back of paper for discussion to: Pilot Study in Autism
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 When speaking of the Neurotransmitter system, I would like to explain some terms that

are descriptive to understanding the states and descriptions associated with these states as

follows: Excitatory means on, while inhibitory refers to off. Below are examples of excitatory

and inhibitory levels of neurotransmitters, which fluctuate constantly depending on the problems,

circumstances, etc.

Low excitatory levels= Fatigue, Lack of focus, lack of excitement

High excitatory levels= Agitation, over-thinking, anxiety
Low inhibitory levels= Anxiousness, s trouble falling asleep, can’t calm down
High inhibitory levels= Wake up tired, No energy in afternoon, no motivation
Note: A normal excitatory level= Balanced Aspartic Acid, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Glutamate,
Histamine, Norepinephrine, PEA..
➢ When all are balanced in the excitatory levels it produces great motivation and
focus.
Note: A normal inhibitory level=GABA, Glycine, Serotonin, Taugine,

➢ When all balanced in the inhibitory levels it produces calming mind and body,

relaxation, as well as, allows filtering excess messages, slows down system, and

induces sleep.

When, excitatory neurotransmitter stores are depleted and non-functioning, there is lack

of focus and motivation. Low excitatory function causes depression, just as when there is high

inhibitory function there is likely to be too much calm, low mood, negative attitude and low

serotonin stores.

Earlier the neurotransmitters were described and classified to bring an understanding of

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their use within the physiological function of the brain. Now, I would like to describe them in
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the case of ADD and ADHD disorders. In Attention Deficit Disorders, research has revealed

that: Dopamine levels are high and Norepinephrine levels are very low, whereas, in hyper-high

attention deficit disorders the Epinephrine levels are low. The PEA can register very high or

very low; while the GABA neurotransmitters can be low or high. Research has also revealed

that in ADHD, as well anxiety symptoms, the neurotransmitters are described as follows:

➢ Serotonin –low
➢ Glutamate-high
➢ Aspartic Acid-high
➢ Norepinephrine-high
➢ Epinephrine-high
➢ PEA-high
➢ GABA-high or low
See Exhibit 2-Glutamate system

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder creates similar imbalances in the brains

chemistry within the neurotransmitters that control focus and concentration. These imbalances

can lead to inattentive and hyperactive behaviors making focus a difficult task. It is stated by

Comer, people who display ADHD have great difficulty attending to tasks, or often behave

impulsively or over-actively. Comer continues to underline the pin-pointing factor as difficulty

focusing, and states one exhibits an action of turning from task to task. In the process of moving

quickly in their brain, they cannot attend to tasks or show good judgment.

A person with this disorder could often show learning and communication problems,

perform poorly in school, have difficulty interacting with others, and misbehave or rebel
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constantly. (Phares, 2008) They also show great anxiety and mood problems. Julian also states
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the causes are linked to abnormal activity of the neurotransmitter Dopamine and abnormal

frontal-striatal regions of the brain. Behaviors could be cited as high stress, anxiety, depression,

and poor work performance, higher rates of unemployment, drug addictions, school drop outs,

risky behavior and arrests. (Julien, 2008)

As far as, brain wave function many ADHD patients have more slow waves that are

associated with Alpha, and show over-action in the right-brain hemisphere, and underactive

response in the left –brain hemispheres.

Temple University has practiced music therapy in schools, hospitals, facilities and centers

and states, “ADHD is brain function impairment aka: slow wave disorder.” To create a brain

wave balance, music is used in which sound waves are utilized. When the sound waves are

utilized the brainwaves can be speeded up in the left hemisphere and hyperactivity can be

reduced. By stimulating right brain hemisphere emotional reactions can be reduced and

improvements can be made in attention and concentration.

See Exhibit 4- in back of paper. In discussion of a music training program, a group

collaborated to do research on children and adults with extreme attention disorders.

In my personal experience, I have instructed private music students in the area of

beginning guitar and piano. I currently have a student who has a slight attention deficit disorder.

When, his mother first signed him up with me, she was very concerned about his school grades

and education. She mentioned his grade points were dropping extremely, and she was very

worried that he might not make it to the next grade level. He was ten years old, and in the 5th

grade at the time. I enrolled this young boy as a private student for beginning guitar in a six
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month program, in which he would be instructed once a week in one hour sessions.
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 I first started in the rudiments of classical guitar, musicianship and theory. The first few

weeks this student showed great signs of hyper-activity, in which he could not keep his eyes

focused on the music, and his guitar and supporting foot could not be held still. I worked with

this person, both as a client and student, in which the studies would consist of creating coping

and focused exercises for him. I instructed a lot of the teachings towards focused breath work, in

which I would allow him to focus his breathing forwards toward the music. I would take my

finger and ask him to follow the music with his eyes as he played along. We did not follow strict

tempo, as I wanted to create a slow tempo, in which he could achieve, and would not discourage

him.

Week by week, I witnessed great improvements in his steady focus and concentration. In

a four month period, this student had developed a song repertoire of five classical pieces, and

two chord –strumming pieces, in which we would interact and sing together. At the end of this

four month period, we were able to schedule a small community recital. I invited close friends

and family, and by much surprise this student performed a perfect recital of a five song

repertoire. His mother was amazed in the results, and conferred to me that he has been getting

better grades in school. She was happy to know that the outcome was leading towards her son’s

admittance to the next grade level in his education. She explained that if she did not see any

success, she would have to resort in giving him medication.

We are now in our 2nd phase of another six-month program, and he is doing excellent.

Sometimes, when he misses a class or session, he reverts to a slight adaptation of an unsteady

focus, but we constantly work on coping mechanisms using breathing exercises and his focus

comes back into a steady concentration.

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 Though each student is completely different, I strongly believe that the student picks their

own instrument which is necessary for the time. The guitar was perfect for this student, and the

classical guitar music served to be very soothing and relaxing giving an extra benefit of

relaxation to endure his focused development.

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Obsessive Compulsory Disorder:

Obsessions are notated as thought, ideas, impulses or images that invade a person’s

consciousness. Compulsions are repetitive and rigid behaviors, or could also be known as mental

acts that people feel they must perform, in order to reduce anxiety.

History- To point out, we all have minor obsession and compulsion, as they tend to play a

helpful role in life. Little rituals can help calm us, or someone can sing or hum a song over and

over to release tension. But when one has the compulsions that are excessive or unreasonable

they can interfere with daily life. This order can be classified as an anxiety disorder, because the

obsessions cause an extreme anxiety. The obsession can feel very intrusive or foreign, or they

can also be understood as impulses or repeated urges to yell out obscenities. (Comer, 2010)

Comer mentions the obsessions can come in common themes like contamination,

violence, aggression, orderliness, religion or sexuality. Compulsions are similar to obsessions, in

that they could be under voluntary control. Also when people have them, they feel they must do

them, but all the while they still realize their behavior is unreasonable. (Comer, 2010)

Many researchers have linked compulsions and obsessions to great fears that control

them. (Clark & Guyitt, 2008) There are many perspectives or theorists that describe this

disorder in terms of development and theory. I will describe the psycho-dynamic perspective in

which many in this perspective believe this disorder develops when children come to fear their

own id impulse, and use ego defense mechanisms to lessen anxiety. These theorists believe in

three ego defense mechanisms: isolation, undoing and reaction.

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Comer states, “Isolation could mean when one disowns their unwanted thoughts and
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thinks of them as intrusions, while undoing relates to performing acts that are meant to cancel
out the undesirable impulses, which cascades to reaction formation, in order to oppose

unacceptable impulses.” (Comer, 2010) Sigmund Freud traced this disorder to the anal stage of

development, which he documented as occurring at two (2) years of age. Freud felt it was linked

to intense rage and shame in regards to negative toilet training. Others have identified that this

disorder stems from feelings of insecurity. (Erikson, 1963)

Physiological/Biology

The physiological biology of a person with obsessive compulsory disorder has been

proven to have abnormal serotonin activity, and low levels of dopamine which in actuality

decrease low serotonin activity. They have designed drugs to treat this disorder which serve to

target an increased serotonin activity. (Jenike, 1922)

To reiterate on the dopamine levels in the case of ADHD, and Compulsary-Obsessive

disorder is Joseph M. Carver, Ph.D., a clinical Psychologist within the understanding of

psychiatric and mental processes. Mr. Carver states,

“Dopamine in the thinking areas of the brain might be considered the neurotransmitter of

focus and attending. Low levels impair our ability to focus on our environment or to

“lock on” to tasks, activities, or conversations. Low levels of Dopamine make

concentration and focus very difficult with low levels also associated with Attention-

Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). On the other end of the Dopamine dipstick, as

Dopamine levels in the brain begin to raise we become excited/energized, then suspicious

and paranoid, then finally hyper-stimulated by our environment. With low levels of
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Dopamine, we can’t focus while with high levels of Dopamine our focus becomes
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 narrowed and intense to the point of focusing on everything in our environment as though

it were directly related to our situation.” (Carver, 2002)

Carver instructs us that moderately high Dopamine levels make us on-guard, suspicious,

and prone to misinterpret experiences in the environment. Increased Dopamine also increases

the perception of our senses, as though turning up the volume in all our senses – hearing, vision,

taste, smell, and touch. As Dopamine levels increase, the noises we heard loudly suddenly

become auditory hallucinations. Our inner thoughts are now being heard outside our body, as

voices. This is the probability of compulsive-obsessive behavior, whereas many think outside of

their head, and act-out the compulsions.

Carter relates to high levels of Dopamine in the brain, as though living in a science-

fiction movie. He states, “One can begin to develop unusual if not bizarre ideas about what is

happening to them. With paranoia, one may experience delusions (false beliefs). High levels of

Dopamine are found in Schizophrenia, drug intoxication, and other psychotic conditions where

the ability to distinguish the inner world from the real world is impaired.” (Carter, 2002)

Now, that we discussed the imbalance of dopamine neurotransmitters, and the effects

they have on our brain processing abilities, let us turn to the neurotransmitter of serotonin, and

clarify its importance. Serotonin, first isolated in 1933, is the neurotransmitter that has been

identified in multiple psychiatric disorders including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder,

anorexia, bulimia, body dysmorphic disorders, social anxiety, and phobias, etc.

When we find ourselves living in a high stress situation for a prolonged period of time,
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we use more Serotonin than is normally replaced. Imagine a list of pressures, responsibilities,
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difficulties and environmental issues (difficult job, bad marriage, poor housing, rough

neighborhood, etc.) Prolonged exposure to such a high level of stress gradually lowers our

Serotonin level. As we continue to “hang on” we develop symptoms of a severe stress-produced

depression if we are not able to create positive coping devices. When Serotonin is low, we

experience problems with concentration and attention, as well as bodily functions.

In some or many cases these imbalances might cause great difficulties in managing our

behavior, to the extent of needing medications. As I mentioned earlier, if one can develop or get

therapy that is aimed at positive coping mechanisms, then one might actually be able to function

normally in society.

We cannot rule out the Psychodynamic perspective, in which Freud’s explanation

validates. As, out of date as it may seem, Freud’s approach can still hold function within the bio-

physiological approach, in which deals with neurotransmitter imbalance. Possible reference is

the fact, that the chemical imbalances greatly cause the behavior of fear and paranoia. In terms of

a cognitive perspective, Comer mentions, “The avoidance of such negative outcomes, can be

neutralized by the right acts. These acts could simply be to request special assurance from others

that will help reinforce thinking “good” thoughts.” (Comer, 2010)

In terms of developing neutralizing acts, we can state that music therapy can hold a great

value. In relating back to Music Therapist Carolyn Kenny, who developed the concept of unified

field theory within creating sacred space, this concept would be highly recognizable in creating

neutralizing acts. The sense of field of play that the therapist sets up with the client would be

greatly beneficial in creating a neutralizing effect.

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 Music Therapy - In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a patient who struggles with

OCD, can be taught to develop coping mechanisms, in order to control the anxiety levels that

lead to the obsessions. A therapist can help one deal with situations that can cause the anxiety

that leads to the obsessions and compulsive behavior. Music Therapy can be a wonderful

modality as the right music can been used for relaxation. If one learns an instrument, the event

of playing music can reduce anxiety levels.

Music Therapy can serve as a great cognitive behavioral therapy, in which serves to

educate the client with OCD, to produce a coping mechanism, and furthering them to recognize

the situations of when anxiety levels may rise, and order the use of pre-chosen pieces of music to

reduce them. I have been fortunate in my private lessons, to instruct a male with OCD in piano.

His mother came to me and informed me that her son is highly gifted in piano, but struggles with

complete blindness and OCD. She was quite sad when the school which her son attended a music

program, would not continue to attend there any longer. They stated that his OCD confers him

to need extra care and attention, in which they were not prepared to offer. When, she came to me

I mentioned we could give it a trial run.

I have been instructing her son for the last three months, and we have had great success.

His outbreaks have been less to none, and his behavior has been observed as very positive. I

conduct the instruction with the principles in mind that therapist Carolyn Kenny suggests. By

me sitting with my student on the piano bench, I feel I am able to create a sacred space, in which

the interactions of song, piano and positive affirmation are able to be reciprocated back and

forth, from me to him.

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 At first, he stated he did not want to sing and now if I sing a song, he echos back to me a

certain word of the song. We laugh and create a very playful environment. I am happy to say

the experience of accepting this student has been a life changing event for us both.

In learning to play an instrument, one can reduce the opportunities for obsessive

thoughts, therefore replacing negative compulsive behaviors with positive ones. The main

outcome is to reduce and eventually eliminate the compulsive behavior, the second is to

gradually be able to give music instructions which enable the student to play a new instrument or

learn to play it better.

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 Social Repression aka: Psychological Emotional Repression

Interpretations of Emotional repression could be looked at to be a dissociative disorder

caused by repression. In most cases people are able to fight off anxiety by utilizing a basic built-

in ego defense mechanism, but people with dissociative disorder are thought to repress their

memories excessively. (Fayek, 2002)

In many cases a person with this disorder learns to block memories, or a memory of an

extreme upsetting event to avoid the pain of facing it. Repression then becomes part of one’s

protection, within a volatile or extremely unprotected environment. Psychodynamic theorists

believe that this disorder comes into hand, while utilizing this protection device repeatedly.

Comer mentions, “Continuous use of repression is motivated by traumatic childhood

events, particularly abusive parenting.” (Comer, 2010) In these patterns of trauma, the flight or

fight mechanism gets construed, and the flight becomes part of the natural ability that is

constantly exercised, leaving the fight mechanism uncreated.

This disorder is tricky, as it can go undiagnosed or unnoticed without any outward

tendencies. Therapist’s can try and help their clients recognize the nature of their disorder, or

recover the gaps in their memory, as well as, integrate their sub-personalities into one functional

personality. (North & Yutzy, 2005)

See exhibit 5 for research on this disorder in the back of paper.

Music Therapy- Music can and will bring people together, but more it can help with the

expression of one’s feelings. Music always carries a certain tone, tempo or rhythm which is
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soothing, or elevating. Just as Nzewi states from an African perspective,

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 “African indigenous medical science recognizes that body or physiological sickness

invariably triggers spiritual indisposition, and thereby soul suffering. Hence indigenous

curative science and procedures often commence with the healing of the mind, that is, the

restoration of spiritual health, which in turn tunes the mind and body for physiological

cure as the case may be.” (Nzewi, 2006)

Simple actions of just gathering in a community or around the piano can create bonding

and connections. Also, if it is hard to talk about a subject with someone, having him or her listen

to a song expresses their emotions without the therapist saying a word, can open a whole line of

communication. In many cultures, music is used to create a village gathering of which many

could feel a part. It was in this use that rhythms, songs and particulars from music folk cultures

were used specifically to heal psychological, as well as physical ailments.

I have worked and donated a great part of my life in using music to uplift communities,

individuals, as well as myself. I have found that music is a gracious medicine which affects the

soul. In creating healing villages, I used the remedies of drum circles to gather various groups

and ultimately bring the sound cycles of rhythm to engage physical, psychological, and

physiological function and dissolve historical discourse. I have found the results to work at a

micro to macro level.

Rhythm has served to allow particular frequencies to enhance body and mind functions.

It has been used from ancient times to present eras to dissolve manifestations of negative

energies, whether in the body, mind or environment. If we allow positive vibrations to encircle

our electro-magnetic fields, we can adjust many negative currents which serve to bring
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disharmony, or discourse to our mind and body.

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Yaya Diallo, an African musician from the Minianka tribe of Mali states,

“From the villages of Fienso and Zangasso, the musicians were healers, and the

healers are musicians. From the Minianka perspective, it is inconceivable that the

responsibilities for making music and restoring health should be separate, as they

are in the West. The village social structure and culture seeks to sustain the lives

of the people in harmony with one another, Creator, Ancestors and nature. In our

village, music is necessary for life, not like in the West where it is seen as an

entertainment.” (Diallo, 1989)

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 Many various ethnic cultures practiced music as a medicine. It was played and felt

within the heart, whereas; sounds, vibrations and rhythms were deeply felt and concentrated on

as a remedial way of life. Just as Nzewi makes note, that music in Africa is known as a Medi-

cure, whereas the western culture does not address.

In India the recitation of sound syllables are important keys to health and healing. Khan

reflects that ancient societies were always fortified by this concept of ‘tuning up’. That goes to

mention that the body and mind was always brought into a level of harmony by music and sound.

Khan states,

“The practitioner within the use of Bija Seeds works to activate the Mantra of

elements, tune and stabilize, in much the same way, but by using sound and sound

waves. By having the client recite one mantra within a precise order, one is

learning to bring balance within one’s own elemental processes. The focus is on

the tonal centers within the body, corresponding to the energy centers used in the

Yogic system. Khan uses the words “tuning up,” to state, “Everyone feels in

good health when their own tone is vibrating, but if tone does not come to proper

pitch than a person feels a lack of comfort.” (Khan, 1983)

Tuning up is not just a notion, but a practice of medicine. Ching relates the curative

effects of healing sounds: are practiced in order to release excessive heat from the organs,

stimulate internal movement of the organs, and enable one’s natural freedom in breathing.

Ching states, “In many ancient beliefs, releasing excessive heat cools the organs, while

the vibrations of the sounds stimulate their functions. It is with the use of spontaneous free breath
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that causes us to release from the conditional restricted habit of breathing, therefore allowing us

to increase the oxygen in our blood.” (Ching, 1995)

I have never looked at singing, or making sound in the body as a way of cooling down

the body and organ system, but it clearly makes sense. If anything gets overheated, it can serve

to be harmful, but when oxygen is used, along with vibration the cooling affect is health. Reid

continues to rectify the concept that sound healing in ancient Egypt extends back to 4000 BC

having a long tradition of vowel sound chant.

It was in the King’s healing sound chambers of the Pyramid structures that Reid’s back

was realigned, in which he attributes to the resonating granite and special architecture which was

built specifically for healing.

Sound and music are essential elements in life and in any healing process that is little

recognized in the West.

Deborah R. Corkindale passionately elaborated on the many healing traditions in multi-

cultural America and she states,

“Alternative medical health and mental health treatments have become

increasingly more popular over the last few decades in this country. Americans

who are not from these specific cultures are making use of these alternative

healing methods in great numbers. The use of these healing methods by

Americans from all backgrounds is both evidence of how culturally diverse a

nation we have become and also of how inclusive a society we are.” (Corkindale,
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2013)
 The healing potentials of sound and music originate from very ancient practices of

Africa, Egypt, India, Asia that can date back before 4000B.C. These theories and physics are

being brought into the cutting edge of scientific research and theory by great researchers such as:

John Stuart Reid in the understanding of Cymatics. Many realized that our future conditions

could be possibly falling into an era of holonomic amnesia in which Jose Arguelles, brought

forth the United Field Theory, to re-address connection back to our ecology. In the current times

when an extreme amount of electrical frequencies are coming forth into our hemispheres with the

upheaval of technology, it could be possible that we are being further removed from the natural

cyclic energies of our Earth and Universe.

Maybe it is possible to find our way back to the creative process, which may heal our

holonomic amnesia. This belief in which Kenny relates to in the “field of play,” is an ecological

and environmental model that contains a basis of organic orientated energy within its process.

Kenny speaks about the wholeness which conforms to ancient healing practices and

systematically employs the arts for healing. This model has identified potentials that have been

used by many music therapists aiding in the increase and development of the psyche role of

perceptions, as well as furthered experience of intuition through various states of awareness and

dimensions of reality.

The many possibilities are at hand that prove the vast use of music and sound are not just

art forms and are modalities of healing. With all the history, research and validation of medical

science revealed, we can therefore state that sound and music are vital tools that need to be

reckoned with, as the leading modalities and potentials in the vast area of health, healing and
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complementary medicine.
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Exhibit 1- Bija Seed Demonstration

(Rainbow Reiki Room, 2013)

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Exhibit 2-Dendrite & Neuron Demonstration Board

Original Drawing by Khemya MitRahina. Used in Presentation for NDNU: Graduate Research

Project at Louise Costagon-Kerns house in Belmont, Ca. 3.May. 2015.

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Exhibit 3 ***PILOT STUDY INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF TEMPO IN MUSIC

THERAPY INTERVENTIONS TO REGULATE AND PACE THE S YSTEM AND

REDIRECT REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS IN AUTISM

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Dorita S. Berger and Matthew Goodwin

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The Music Therapy Clinic, Norwalk, CT Consultant to Project: Groden Center, School for

Special Needs Children, Providence, RI

Many behaviors in children on the Autism spectrum resemble fight-or-flight avoidance responses

as a result of habitual states of fear, possibly induced by sensory integration issues causing on-

going stress and deregulation of systemic pacing.

HYPOTHESIS:

Structured tempo-based rhythm interventions at 60-beats per minute, designed to address

systemic deregulation in autism can serve to regulate and/or induce systemic pacing, reducing

repetitive anxiety behaviors and enabling focus and calm in persons on the Autism spectrum.

Eight-week pilot study investigated whether (and how) the role of tempo in activity-based music

therapy treatment could influence habituation (entrainment) to regulated systemic inner rhythms,

coordinating pacing, reducing stress, anxiety, and repetitive behaviors and yielding eye-contact,

attention, motor-planning, and memory. Six young subjects ages 8-12 with minimal expressive

language, and diagnosed with Autism were selected to undertake four structured interventions

including breath control, regulation of arm movements, upper-lower body coordination, and

drumming, each task repeated four times to a rhythmic pattern at 60-beats per minute tempo,

during each 45-minute individual music therapy session per week, for eight weeks. A rating scale

sheet was devised to rate performance ability and progress in vivo, during each session. Sessions

were also video-taped for follow-up ratings to confirm or modify in-vivo rates. In addition, a

Life-shirt heart-monitor vest with embedded wireless sensors was worn by each subject in the

first, fifth and eight sessions, to monitor heart-rate data during those sessions.
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Results show excellent progress and regulation in task undertaking by each of

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the six subjects, with increases in motor planning, visual contact, attention and reduction of

repetitive behaviors. Heart Rate data over the three sessions in which the vest was worn, indicate

that a level of entrainment and regulation was taking place. Results tend to lend support to the

hypothesis that highly structured, tempo-specific rhythmic activities at a slow tempo (60 beats

per minute in this case) can bring about systemic pacing to reduce anxiety behaviors and yield

functional adaptation.

Music therapy in itself has the ability to affect the brain and certain neurotransmitters,

allowing it to act effectively as a biological treatment method. So, it has been proven that while

the imbalances of neurotransmitters are affected from the disorder of autism, they can also

maintain a balance and reversal transmission from the use of music, much like the next

discussion of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

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Exhibit 4-Music training for Attention Deficit children

Samantha O’Connell, Dana L. Strait, Alexandra Parbery-Clark and Nina Kraus

Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
Bienen School of Music, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
Institute for Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL

Increasing effort was expended to define activities that strengthen what might be

considered the cornerstone of human perception: attention. While musical training is known to

bolster auditory-specific cognitive skills, such as auditory short-term memory, little is known

about how musical training strengthens attention – especially during developmental years. We

aimed to determine the impact musical training on auditory and visual attention abilities in 7-13

year old children (N=30) and young adults (N=29) using The Integrated Visual and Auditory

plus Continuous Performance Test.

Musician and non-musician groups did not differ according to age, sex, or IQ. Outcomes

reveal that, compared to non-musicians, musician adults demonstrate enhanced sustained

auditory attention. Children with musical training, however, possess a more global attention

advantage, with enhanced sustained attention in both auditory and visual domains. Attention

performance in both children and adults correlates with musical practice histories, with more
87

years of musical practice relating to increased attention ability in the auditory domain.
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 Taken together, these results suggest that musical training promotes the development of

global attention mechanisms but that these advantages become constrained to the auditory

domain with maturation. Given the high prevalence of developmental attention disorders and

their detrimental impacts on educational performance, outcomes should inform educators,

scientists, and clinicians involved in the assessment and remediation of learning deficits

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Exhibit 5-Music Explorations

IMPROVEMENT OF DEPRESSED SYMPTOMS THROUGH MUSIC, COMPARED WITH

SINGLE PSYCHOTHERAPY

Sergio Castillo Eduardo Pérez-Campos and Miguel Mayoral

Medical and Biological Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca,

Mexico

The Eduardo Perez Ortega Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Oaxaca, Mexico

ISSSTE (Social Security and Services Institute for Government Employees) Clinic-

“We designed a study testing the effects of music and compared it with the effects of

Hospital, Huajuapan, Oaxaca, Mexico psychotherapy in low and medium grade of depression.

There are three mainly conventional treatments for depression: psychotherapy, pharmaceutical

treatments, and electroconvulsive therapy. Because conventional treatment is not a guaranty for

successful improvement, new means of treatment must be found that might improve depression

when used together with any other of those therapies. In order to this, we performed a

randomized controlled trial with a convenience sample of 79 patients aged 25-60 years with a

psychological diagnosis of low- and medium-grade depression.

We employ the Zung depression scale for selection purposes. Patients were randomly

assigned to the music therapy group (classical Music of Mozart, and baroque music of Corelli

and Bach) (n=41), or the psychotherapy group based on conductive-behavioral therapy (n=38).

The music therapy was applied for 50 min a day, every day, for eight weeks. At the end, the
89
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music-therapy group had less depressive symptoms than the psychotherapy group, and this was
proven to be statistically significant with the Friedman test. We propose that patients with low-

and medium-grade depression can use music to enhance the effects of other therapies support.”

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Diagrams

Diagram A. The wheels of the Chakra

In traditional Hatha Yoga, the 7 cleansing bija mantras associated with the chakras are:

• “LAM”- chakra 1 (root)

• “VAM”- chakra 2 (sacral/navel)
• “RAM”- chakra 3 (solar plexus)
• “YAM”- chakra 4 (heart)
• “HAM”- chakra 5 (throat)
• “OM”- chakra 6 (third eye/brow)
• “OM”- chakra 7 (crown)

Article by: Sohini Trehan, 2012

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Diagram B -Electromagnetic loops aka: Aura’s or Elemental forces from outside to within.

(Life Source Books,

2008)
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Diagram C

Music and sound: Ultra sonic core: electrical forces of body and wireless circuits.

(Life source books, 2008)

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Diagram D- Model of Brain Lobes and Hemispheres

(Pearson Education, Inc, 2011)

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 Diagram E.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dopamineseratonin.png)
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Diagram F. Vesica Pisces Description of Symbol of Unifying space/Center

(Church of Shambhala
Vajradhara Maitreya,
2007)

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Appendix-

I. List of scholarly subjects and biographical information

1. Meki Nzewi- Nzewi is a professor in African music at University of Pretoria. He is

considered a cultural scientist and has undertaken a study of creative theory and

performing practice underlying African traditional musical arts. He is a published

author on many musical-physiological aspects of African music. Nzewi has also

written seven (7) musicals, three (3) operas, and three (3) poetic-dance-theatre works.

Nzewi is a master drummer and is founder of AMA Dialogue Foundation: for African

Traditional Arts in Nigeria.

2. Hazrat Khan (1882-1927) - Khan is the founder of the Sufi Order in the Western

America’s and teacher of Universal Sufism. Khan came to America as a North-Indian

Classical trained musician having received instructions from Mien Tansen Nizam of

Hyderabad. Mien dates back to (1493-1589), in which he was a highly trained and

prominent Hindu classical composer, musician and vocalist. He was among Navarantes

of the Court and Mughal Emperor. Khan’s message was “Divine Unity,” based on

themes of love, harmony and beauty. Khan was born Vadodara Gujarat to a noble

family that descended from Pashtuns of Afghanistan and settled in Punjab. His lines of

family were known as mystics and great poets.

3. Ni Hua Ching- was born into a highly spiritual family and accomplished in the Tao.

His father was a Tao master and teacher, who was a highly respected doctor who

carried a legacy, in practicing Chinese Medicine for thirty-eight generations. Master Ni

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is heir to the wisdom through seventy-four generations of Tao (Taoism folk tradition)
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 masters on an unbroken line. Ni began his training at the age of 10 in the mountains of

China. He then settled in Taiwan and began his teaching career. In 1976, he moved to

California and wrote many works in English from his courses. His greatest work: I

Ching: The Book of Changes and Lao Tzu.

4. John Stuart Reid-(b: 1948). Reid is an acoustic engineer who carried out cyma tics

research in the Kings Chamber of the Great Pyramid of Egypt in 1997. Reid then

published his results in “Egyptian Sonics,” which contained photographs of cymatic

patterns that were formed on a PVC membrane he stretched over the sarcophagus.

Reid’s findings demonstrated inherent resonances of granite which radiated a complex

sound field. Reid also patented a scientific instrument called Cyma scope, which was

engineered to Pythagorean proportions. Reid has used this instrument to decipher

dolphin language. Note: Cymatics is the study of sound and vibration made visible by

using membranes, plates and diaphragms.

5. David M. Harrison- Senior Lecturer (Emeritus) Department of Physics, University

of Toronto- Computer assisted instruction, Cognitive issues in Physics education,

Foundations of Physics

6. Sally Robertson- Robertson is a freelance medical journalist and copy editor. She also

serves to translate German to English for medical publications. Robertson specializes

in Medicine and Pharmacology. She has been a member of American T. A since 1980

and has served as secretary and news editor for its National Capital Area Chapter.

7. Aniruddh (Ani) Patel, Ph.D., an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology

98

at Tufts University researched how the brain processes music and language, focusing
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 on what the similarities and differences between the two reveal about each other, and

about the brain itself. He has pursued this topic with a variety of techniques, including

neuron-imaging, theoretical analyses, acoustic research, and comparative studies of

nonhuman animals, which has came up with some very substantial data to add to the

theory of how sound and music effects the brain, and its lasting effects. .

Dr. Patel has published more than 50 research articles and a scholarly book (Music,

Language, and the Brain, 2008, Oxford Univ. Press). Dr. Patel was awarded the 2009

Music Has Power award from the Institute for Music and Neurologic Function in New

York City.

8. Yannick Van Doorne-Van Doorne is a doctor and engineer in Agriculture from

Belgium, but he lives in France. He has been a passionate researcher in the study of

electro-culture since 1998. In 2009, he tested a new system of magnets and bees wax,

and created vegetables 3-5 times larger than normal.

9. Fabien Maman-is a musician, composer, acupuncturist, author, researcher, healer,

teacher, bio-energetician and martial artist. He has performed in Carnegie Hall, Tokyo

Opera, Paris Olympia, Berlin Phil. Maman was the recipient of 1980 Grand Prix de

Compositions Françoise. In the early 80’s he conducted revolutionary biology

experiments at the University of Jassieu in Paris, showing impacts of acoustic sound in

human cells and the energy fields. He found that he could explode cancer cells, as well

as, energize and empower healthy ones. Maman believed that sound, color and

movement are the most effective tools we can use to dissolve negative energetic
99

patterns. He founded Tama-Do, The Academy of Sound, Color and Movement.

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10. Arguelles, Jose- an artist and writer who focused on issues of consciousness,

elaborating the concept of a noosphere (based on the work of Teilhard de Chardin and

Vladimir Vernadsky) as a global work of art. The noosphere (/ˈnoʊ.əsfɪər/; sometimes

noösphere) is the sphere of human thought. The word derives from the Greek νοῦς

(nous "mind") and σφαῖρα (sphaira "sphere")Arguelles, specifically envisioned a

"rainbow bridge" encircling the Earth, and believed that one of the ways to recover

from this primordial forgetfulness was to guide the consciousness to travel, and in that

he came up with the insight of aboriginal continuity.

11. Gaston, Thayer. PhD. Professor of Music Education, Director of Music Therapy of

University of Kansas

12. Kenny, Carol- Kenny is an interdisciplinary artist, scholar and music therapist. Her

primary forms are music, poetry and dance. Her two main areas of interest are

Indigenous studies and Music Therapy.

The settings of her work are: St. Michaels School for Special Children, New Orleans,

LA, River Oaks Psychiatrist Hospital, University of British Columbia Psychiatric Day

Treatment Centers, and Bob Berwick Preschool for special children. Kenny currently

has a private practice in Atascadero, CA.

13. Gowan, J.A. - retired from Cornell University where we worked as support staff in the

Biological Sciences. Gowan’s interests are very broad, including most areas of the

sciences, arts, and religion. In science, my special interests include cosmology, space
100

time and particle physics, unified field theory, Einstein's life and work, evolutionary

theory, the Earth sciences, paleontology, anthropology, human history, ecology,

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 entomology, and botany. In the arts Gowan enjoyed classical music and architecture,

literature and painting. He also is interested in General Systems, comparative religion,

mythology, astrology, the I Chin, and psychic phenomena. Gowan’s theoretical work

and papers tend to be synthetic and holistic, presenting overviews of systems and areas

of human thought, integrating rational, intuitive, scientific, religious, and artistic

concepts. Gowan’s focus has been on a particular subject such as gravitation, space

time, the weak force, or proton decay. In his most comprehensive work he uses a

general system perspective to demonstrate a unifying pattern in natural phenomena that

is reflected in many areas of human thought and activity, he suggests these are

expressions of a universal fractal algorithm.

Gowan was educated at Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana, 4 yr. high school),

where I did well in English and physics and enjoyed wrestling, football, and crew. He

also spent 2 years at U.C. Santa Barbara, majoring in English, and spent 4 years in the

U.S. Army, learning Korean at the Army Language School (Monterey, California), as

well as, serving as a Korean interpreter in Seoul. Gowan then finished his education at

Cornell, majoring in General Agriculture. Subsequently he worked for the departments of

Entomology, Ecology and Systematics, and Floriculture, all at Cornell, as a research

technician.

14. John Shore- The tuning fork was invented in 1711 by John Shore, trumpeter and

lutenist to H. Purcell and G.F. Händel in London. A picture of Händel's own tuning

fork, probably the oldest tuning fork in existence, is presented here for the first time.
101

There are a number of anecdotes connected with the inventor of the tuning fork, using
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 plays on words involving the name Shore, and mixing up pitch-pipe and pitchfork.

Some of these are related here. The tuning fork as a musical instrument soon became a

success throughout Europe.

15. Ronald Comer- Comer is a Professor at Princeton’s Department of Psychology.

Comer is the Director of Clinical Psychology and studies, in which he has received the

President’s award for distinguished teaching at the University. Comer is a practicing

clinical psychologist and serves as a consultant to the Eden Institute for persons with

Autism, and to hospitals in New Jersey. Comer has published numerous articles in

clinical psychology, social psychology and family medicine.

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Outline for Research /Presentation

Healing Potentials of Sound and Music

I. History of Music Therapy within various ethnic histories.

A. Africa (Music as Medicine)

B. India (Tuning of Self-The Bija Seed)

C. Egypt-Sound Healing Chambers

D. Pythagoras

II. Music’s Physiological Effects in Scientific Research

A. Scientific Understanding of Grey Matter

B. Scientific Brain Study with Cell & Hormone Regulation, Pain Regulation & Brain

Growth

1. Sound and Music Learning

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a. Role of Emotion- Research Dr. Patel (Multiple Mechanisms)

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b. Transient Effects

c. Music Trained students v-non-music students

C. Impact on Living Organisms

1. Neoplate & Cells in Vitro (yeast)

2. Cancer

D. Sync Project-software programs

E. Neural Systems: Brain seen as musical

A. Integrates mass of complex info

B. Isomorphic brain

III. Higher Laws of Physics applied to Music Therapy approaches

A. Curing Man & Cosmos

1. Whole Systems Theory

2. Unified Field Theory as it applies to Music Therapy

3. Ecological Approach

B. Translating Vibrations of Energy/

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1. Trinity Triangle
2. Electrical Magnetic Energy: Conservation Laws-Gowan

3. Sound Healing: Tuning Forks

4. Sound Healing Devices

IV. Complementary Medicine

Music used to effect Autism, A.D.H.D., Compulsive Disorder, Emotional Repression

(List each one in consecutive order)

A. Description of Disorder

B. Physiological Effects

C. Treatment/Music Therapy

Appendix listed in back of paper entails all main attributes of doctor’s, researcher’s and

scholarly writers
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Exhibits listed in back of paper includes: Research projects.

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1. Bija Seed Demonstration

Group interaction: Sound syllables

2. Dendrite & Neuron Board of explanation-

A. 1st point-Dr. Patel’s experiments

B. 2nd point-Autistic disorders where dendrites do not branch out/neuron communication

is lessoned

3. Experiment

4. Study

5. Research on Music Study

Diagrams- Listed in back of paper

A. Bija Seed-

B. Electro Magnetic Flow of Energy

C. Pg. 90 diagram
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D. Model of Brain Hemispheres

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E. Model of Brain Functions: Hormones –Dopamine

F. Vesica Pisces.

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