Basic Intro to the MENA region and its humanitarian crisis

The sultanate of Oman would like to begin by formally defining the topic
The Middle East and North African region are comprised of 18 states out
of which 7 are engaged in active armed conflicts. These states include
Syria, Yemen, Iraq, Palestine, Egypt and Libya. Along with armed conflicts
lack of basic necessities, sanitation, pandemic break outs, hyperinflation,
poverty and food insecurity have made the region experience history’s
worst Humanitarian crises. A humanitarian Crises itself as defined by the
OHCHR is a singular event or a series of events that are threatening in
terms of health, safety or well-being of a community or large group of
people. Over the past decade, the bulk of the world’s deadliest conflicts
have been in the MENA region. This has led to countless casualties.

Ladies and gentleman More then 360 000 people have lost their lives in
Syria alone. Overall, the region has to face more than 40 million migrants
and 14 million internally Displaced people. Ladies and gentlemen, these
conflicts have raged on for too long and have already claimed too many
innocent lives, birthed too much hatred and has caused enough
destructions. This must stop now.

We the sultanate of Oman welcome this opportunity to brief the Member

States on the situation in the MENA region, in particular the political,
humanitarian and human rights situation and our efforts to give the
people hope for the future. For this very purpose we present our first
framework peace. Ladies and gentle men we have always stood by peace
and have always been peaceful only wanting what is best for the people
and thus we call for

1. The immediate establishment of a demilitarized buffer zones in all

conflict areas by the Disarmament and Security Committee under the
Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration strategy.
2.The United Nations blue helmets to be dispatched to monitor the
implementation of the buffer zones.

3. An Ad hoc committee overseeing a watch dog committee shall come

into place under The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
and shall be called the ‘’MENA Committee’’ with an aim of aiding the
internally displaced and refugees.
4.An immediate establishment of camps for the displaced covering all
necessities with a distance of every 500 miles. This should be funded by
the United Nations and member states for the establishment of this
objective the Sultanate of Oman would contribute 1.5 million USD and we
are ready to accept 10000 more IDP’. Furthermore, all basic sanitation,
food and health facilities shall be provided in these camps along with
specialized Psychiatric treatment for those fighting with PTSD.

5. Provision of food fulfilling basic nutrition requirements to all parties

who may require it especially refugee and orphaned children.

Casualties and negative impacts

Conflict in MENA has direct, long-lasting and detrimental effects

Accounting for 15 percent of the world’s conflicts while only housing 5.5
percent of the population, the MENA region has seen a disproportionate
level of conflict, The nature of conflict in MENA, has led to a large number
of direct combat casualties. In addition, with a focus of public spending
on security, reduced access to clean water, and displacement of civilian
populations during and after conflict means that up to three non-
combatants die for each one combatant killed during war in the region.
This very region is home to 2 of the top three refugee producing states
in the world.

Revenues derived from natural resources underlines the

poor governance within MENA, both in oil-producing nations and those
countries dependent on financial flows from major oil producers. Since
1960, the conflict rate in oil producing states has thus been 40 percent
higher compared to countries without oil. In short, Mena’s sizable natural
resource rents render the region vulnerable to positive and negative
price shocks, finance authoritarianism and prevent economic
diversification and the jobs which non-oil-based growth could bring.

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Furthermore, due to the instability the region is home to a large number of
refugees put significant economic and social pressure on their host
governments and societies. According to the Syrian government, for example,
demand for subsidized bread rose by 35 percent after the Iraqi refugee influx in
2006, costing the Syrian state US$34 million, while demand for water rose by 21
percent, at a cost of almost US$7 million per year.

In addition to limited employment opportunities and reduced income, refugees

are subject to overcrowding and poor-quality housing in many instances. The
recent war in Iraq has created another major refugee and IDP crisis with an
estimated 1.7 million refugees in Syria, Jordan and Lebanon. Rather than
settling in camps, most Iraqi refugees have integrated themselves into urban
areas, making them difficult to identify and assist. Their informal status forces
them to work long hours for relatively little money .As shown by the world bank
unemployment especially in the youth has remained the highest in the MENA
region

Lebanon:
Lebanon has over 6 million inhabitants and shares a southern border with
Israel, as well as an eastern and northern border with Syria. Currently, there is
an ongoing refugee crisis in the country that is a direct result of the Syrian civil
war, which started in 2011. Millions of Syrian refugees have fled their home
country over the last decade because of the civil war, with many of them
settling in Lebanon.
Issues in Lebanon
The need for assistance has never been more urgent as the situation continues
to deteriorate in Lebanon. While life for a refugee is often already difficult—
needing to find food, shelter, and other necessities—the situation in Lebanon
has been even harder for Syrian refugees, especially children. As Lebanon is
also dealing with its own issues, like a financial and economic collapse and the
devaluation of the Lebanese lira by over 85%, the blast in the Port of Beirut in
2020, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Both food prices and the poverty rate have
skyrocketed in Lebanon, leaving vulnerable groups, like refugees, As already
90% of Syrian refugees live in extreme poverty in a near-impossible situation.
Some Lebanese and Syrian refugees are even escaping the situation already by
fleeing to neighbouring Cyprus.
Lebanon currently holds among the highest debt to GDP ratio in the world, and
a banking sector pressured into collapse, as the majority of its population finds
themselves on the brink of poverty.

Cause
This dire situation was caused by Lebanon’s structural problems, corruption
and the political elite. These recent developments only prove the extent to
which the Lebanese crisis is inherently political at its core, resulting from an
absence of good governance and rational economic policy, as well as the
political practice of invoking foreign protection and financing.

The situation is additionally complicated by the entrenched practice of sectarian

politics in a country of eighteen officially-recognized sects. The political elite’s
rent-seeking has reinforced their dependence on sectarian politics marketed as
a necessity to preserve the fragile balance between the sects and prevent the
collapse of the entire system.

The repercussions of these corrupt practices gradually accumulated and

eventually erupted as a civil protest movement in 2015. Since then, it has
become clear that the political forces have chosen to handle the crisis by
aborting any popular movement to maintain the status quo despite the
differences in their political interests.

Palestine (REFER TO THE DIARY)

Syria
What is the Syrian Civil War
The Syrian Civil War is an ongoing violent conflict in Syria between pro-
democratic insurgents and Syrian President Bashar al-Assad’s long-standing
dynastic regime. The war has been a source of significant instability in the
Middle East since 2011, and the resultant civilian displacement and refugee
exodus constitute one of the worst humanitarian crises in modern history. 
Causes
From 2006 to 2010 Syria suffered its worst drought in modern history. The
combined effects of the drought and pre existing economic disparities under
the Assad regime contributed to the first nonviolent pro-reform protests, in
2011, riding the wave of Arab Spring uprisings. Divisions between the
country’s Sunni majority and the ruling ʿAlawite elite were also a factor. The
regime’s harsh military crackdown escalated tensions, and by September 2011
the peaceful protests had become an armed insurgency. 
Effects
Since its start in 2011, the Syrian Civil War has created the largest refugee
population in the world, constituting over a third of the global refugee
population. In 2018 the United Nations recorded 6.7 million Syrian refugees,
nearly 40 percent of Syria’s population that year. Most fled to Turkey and other
regional allies, but hundreds of thousands have found asylum in Germany, the
United States, and Canada. Within Syria itself, an estimated 6.5 million civilians
have been displaced. Several human rights organizations have called the Syrian
Civil War the worst humanitarian crisis of the 21st century. 610 000 people have
been killed as per the Syrian. 400 children have been tortured to death as
reported by the UNICEF and 600 detainees and political prisoners have been
killed in cold blood. This falls in the category of war crimes as per Jussin Bello
and Jusad bellum, the roman statute and is a violation of article 3,9,13,18 and
19 Udhr, UN Commission against torture, general assembly resolution 39/46
and resolution 217 as well as document A/81. Furthermore, this violates article
15 of the CRPD, UN reso 39/51, UN convention for the right of children, ICRC
mandate 1st 2nd and 3rd Geneva convention just to name a few.

What Oman does 

Frame works 
Anti-Bashing