How the Incas Built Their Heartland

History, Languages, and Cultures of the

How the Incas Built Their Heartland
Copyright © by the University of Michigan zoo6
Preface
vi
PREFACE
viii
PREFACE
Contents
Figures
xiv
FIGURES
Tables
CHAPTER ONE
How the Incas Built Their Heartland
ELVIOVEI4
4 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
A NEW ORIENTATION FOR INCA STUDIES
How the Incas Built Their Heartland
A NEW ORIENTATION FOR INCA STUDIES
8 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
A NEW ORIENTATION FOR INCA STUDIES
0o How the Incas Built Their Heartland
A NEW ORIENTATION FOR INCA STUDIES
12 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
A NEW ORIENTATION FOR INCA STUDIES
14 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
A NEW ORIENTATION FOR INCA STUDIES
16 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
A NEW ORIENTATION FOR INCA STUDIES
CHAPTER TWO
STATE FORMATION, IMPERIAL EXPANSION
20zo How the Incas Built Their Heartland
STATE FORMATION, IMPERIAL EXPANSION
22zz How the Incas Built Their Heartland
STATE FORMATION, IMPERIAL EXPANSION
24 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
STATE FORMATION, IMPERIAL EXPANSION
z6 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
STATE FORMATION, IMPERIAL EXPANSION
28 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
STATE FORMATION, IMPERIAL EXPANSION
Fig. 2.2. The Cusco Basin, ca. 1930. (Negative no. 334756, Courtesy Dept. of Library Services, Amer-
STATE FORMATION, IMPERIAL EXPANSION
32
STATE FORMATION, IMPERIAL EXPANSION
34
E
36 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
CHAPTER THREE
38 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
ECOLOGY AND RISK REDUCTION IN THE INCA HEARTLAND 39
40 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
U
Fig. 3.3. Modern dry-farming of upper kichwa plots. Beans, tubers, and other cultigens are
ECOLOGY AND RISK REDUCTION IN THE INCA HEARTLAND 43
44 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
(XAJolsTH IVJflWN Jo UJfl3SfW UVJTJ3UJV
46 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
ECOLOGY AND RISK REDUCTION IN THE INCA HEARTLAND 47
48 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
T VA XO
50 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
ELI
52 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
ECOLOGY AND RISK REDUCTION IN THE INCA HEARTLAND
54 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
ECOLOGY AND RISK REDUCTION IN THE INCA HEARTLAND
CHAPTER FOUR
WARI IMPERIALISM AND LOCAL POLITICAL COMPETITION
58 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
WARI IMPERIALISM AND LOCAL POLITICAL COMPETITION
6o
WARI IMPERIALISM AND LOCAL POLITICAL COMPETITION
Fig. 4.4. Raqchi, a large ridgetop Formative village abandoned around AD 400
WARI IMPERIALISM AND LOCAL POLITICAL COMPETITION
64
O
66 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
WARI IMPERIALISM AND LOCAL POLITICAL COMPETITION
68 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
WARI IMPERIALISM AND LOCAL POLITICAL COMPETITION
70 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
Fig. 4.9. Pikillacta, a Wari installation under construction from ca. AD 6oo to AD 900. (Negative no. 334827,
72 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
WARI IMPERIALISM AND LOCAL POLITICAL COMPETITION
74 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
WARI IMPERIALISM AND LOCAL POLITICAL COMPETITION
O
WARI IMPERIALISM AND LOCAL POLITICAL COMPETITION
78 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
WARI IMPERIALISM AND LOCAL POLITICAL COMPETITION
8o How the Incas Built Their Heartland
CHAPTER FIVE
8z How the Incas Built Their Heartland
SETTING THE STAGE FOR INCA STATE FORMATION
84 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
SETTING THE STAGE FOR INCA STATE FORMATION
0
SETTING THE STAGE FOR INCA STATE FORMATION
88
SETTING THE STAGE FOR INCA STATE FORMATION
90o
SETTING THE STAGE FOR INCA STATE FORMATION
E AD 1000-1400
SETTING THE STAGE FOR INCA STATE FORMATION
Fig. 5.7. Defensive walls at Muyuch'urqu, the largest Killke Period settlement before the Inca expansion of settlement at Pukara
SETTING THE STAGE FOR INCA STATE FORMATION
96 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
00
98
SETTING THE STAGE FOR INCA STATE FORMATION
100 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
SETTING THE STAGE FOR INCA STATE FORMATION
102oz How the Incas Built Their Heartland
SETTING THE STAGE FOR INCA STATE FORMATION
Fig. 5.11. Aerial view of Minaspata, a Kilike Period town in the Lucre Basin. (Negative no. 334821, Cour-
SETTING THE STAGE FOR INCA STATE FORMATION
io6 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
U
I08
CHAPTER SIX
110 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE FORMATION OF THE INCA STATE
112 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
0I ww1
ON
Viracocha Inca*"
I6 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE FORMATION OF THE INCA STATE
ii 8 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE FORMATION OF THE INCA STATE
120 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE FORMATION OF THE INCA STATE
122 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE FORMATION OF THE INCA STATE
124
THE FORMATION OF THE INCA STATE
i z6 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE FORMATION OF THE INCA STATE
U
THE FORMATION OF THE INCA STATE
Fig. 6.7. The fortified site of Pumamarca. (Negative no. 334772, Courtesy Dept. of Library Services, Amer-
aNQ
Fig. 6.9. The Q'allaq'asa complex at Pisaq. Killke Period settlement has been encountered here. (Negative
THE FORMATION OF THE INCA STATE
134 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE FORMATION OF THE INCA STATE
136 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE FORMATION OF THE INCA STATE
CHAPTER SEVEN
ELITE INTERACTION AND LOCAL RESPONSES
140 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
ELITE INTERACTION AND LOCAL RESPONSES
142 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
ELITE INTERACTION AND LOCAL RESPONSES
144 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
ELITE INTERACTION AND LOCAL RESPONSES
146 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
ELITE INTERACTION AND LOCAL RESPONSES
V3JVu sap UT P3WaJOI 3J M S3iIjIA UVIMIXAH 1vdic~uijd aqu.puno~~jpvq ;)yui rvlpuvubvidvibM luvx qmvglu qv j "u. L q
ELITE INTERACTION AND LOCAL RESPONSES
150 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
ELITE INTERACTION AND LOCAL RESPONSES
152 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
ELITE INTERACTION AND LOCAL RESPONSES
154
ELITE INTERACTION AND LOCAL RESPONSES
I56
ELITE INTERACTION AND LOCAL RESPONSES
158 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
00
i60
ELITE INTERACTION AND LOCAL RESPONSES
Fig. 7.11. Building 5, a public building at Pukara Pantillijlla. (Photo C. Elson.)
ELITE INTERACTION AND LOCAL RESPONSES
164 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
., ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ .. ..lI \\ :
i66 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
CHAPTER EIGHT
0I ww1
STATE EXPANSION, ECONOMIC INTENSIFICATION
170 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
\ U0
172 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
STATE EXPANSION, ECONOMIC INTENSIFICATION
174 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
terrcs
176
STATE EXPANSION, ECONOMIC INTENSIFICATION
178 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
VJJaumSuV ivtwsuTVLU3JIVajflnofJS "98g .iT1
i 80 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
STATE EXPANSION, ECONOMIC INTENSIFICATION
z8z How the Incas Built Their Heartland
STATE EXPANSION, ECONOMIC INTENSIFICATION
CHAPTER NINE
THE IMPERIAL EXTRAPOLATION OF INCA STATE EXPANSION 185
186 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE IMPERIAL EXTRAPOLATION OF INCA STATE EXPANSION 187
Fig. 9.1. Inca imperial expansion. (Based on Piirssinen 1992.)
THE IMPERIAL EXTRAPOLATION OF INCA STATE EXPANSION 189
I90
THE IMPERIAL EXTRAPOLATION OF INCA STATE EXPANSION II
192 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE IMPERIAL EXTRAPOLATION OF INCA STATE EXPANSION 193
194 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
Fg 9Haativ CHUANUO PAMPA
196 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE IMPERIAL EXTRAPOLATION OF INCA STATE EXPANSION 197
198 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
Fig. 9.5. La Centinela, capital of the Chincha polity. An Inca palace was built within the main compound at
yO
THE IMPERIAL EXTRAPOLATION OF INCA STATE EXPANSION 201I
N*
THE IMPERIAL EXTRAPOLATION OF INCA STATE EXPANSION 203
204 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
Ir
zo6 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE IMPERIAL EXTRAPOLATION OF INCA STATE EXPANSION 207
CHAPTER TEN
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INCA HEARTLAND
210 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INCA HEARTLAND
212 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INCA HEARTLAND
214
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INCA HEARTLAND
3
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INCA HEARTLAND
218
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INCA HEARTLAND
Fig. io.6. Imperial Inca buildings at Caquia Xaquixaguana.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INCA HEARTLAND
U
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INCA HEARTLAND
224 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
Fig. io.8. Aqha consumption in Inca ritual. (Redrawn from Guaman Poma de Ayala
zz6 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INCA HEARTLAND
zz8 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INCA HEARTLAND
230 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INCA HEARTLAND
232 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INCA HEARTLAND 233
CHAPTER ELEVEN
CONCLUSIONS
236 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
CONCLUSIONS
238 How the Incas Built Their Heartland
Appendixes
APPENDIX A
242
APPENDIXES
244
APPENDIXES
APPENDIX B
APPENDIXES
Notes
250
NOTES TO PAGES 19-22
252
NOTES TO PAGES z6-z8
254
NOTES TO PAGES 40-50
256
NOTES TO PAGES 55-58
258
NOTES TO PAGES 77-82
z 6o
NOTES TO PAGES 90-101
262
NOTES TO PAGES IIO-I6
z64
NOTES TO PAGES 121-39
z66
NOTES TO PAGES 141-43
z68
NOTES TO PAGES 146-50
270
NOTES TO PAGES 157-70
272
NOTES TO PAGES 181-91 I
274
NOTES TO PAGES 197-20I
276
NOTES TO PAGES ZIO-23
278
NOTES TO PAGES 230-34
References
z8z
REFERENCES
284
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318
REFERENCES
320
Index
322
INDEX
324
INDEX
326
INDEX
3z8
INDEX
330
INDEX
332
INDEX