EBM
This is an additive manufacturing machine
for sintering pure metal powder. The
surface areas of a powder bed of the
component contour are selectively melted
with an electron beam in vacuum, which
forms a layer after solidification (electron
beam melting, EBM). The component is
created layer by layer according to the
respective recoating. The Arcam EBM
Control software needs slice files (SLC),
which are derived from STL data. To
import the CAD data, to process the STL
data, to prepare individual construction
processes, and to slice the STL data sets,
Arcam recommends the RP software
Magics (Materialise). Via the software,
prepared building strategies can be
selected or the operator can design his or
her own. In the machine, practically all
technically relevant materials can be
melted. Arcam has a number of materials
qualified for the process, but it also
supports customized developments.
There are three families of materials:
steel, titanium materials, and CoCr alloys.
Application
Functional prototypes, end products.
Fused deposit modelling
The FDM machines from Stratasys melt
prefabricated wire-shaped thermoplastics
and lead the viscous melt through a
heated nozzle specifically to the
component. The stratification is done by
solidification due to heat conduction in
the partially finished component. The
range of materials includes plastics such as
polycarbonate and ABS, but also high-
performance thermoplastic plastics such
as polyphenylsulfones (PPSFS). In this
case, the thermoplastics and waxes are
supplied in the form of wire on rolls or
cartridges, are melted partially, and are
extruded The nozzle head is guided by an
x-y plotter in the building plane. After
coating a building plane, the base plate
with the model is lowered by a layer
thickness, and the process begins anew
with the next layer. ApplicationAreas:
Conceptual models, function prototypes,
end products, series-identical
components of investment castings,
tooling of moulding processes
Selective Laser Sintering
An additive manufacturing layer
technology, SLS involves the use of a high
power laser (for example, a carbon
dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of
plastic, metal, ceramic, or glass powders
into a mass that has a desired three-
dimensional shape. The laser selectively
fuses powdered material by scanning
cross-sections generated from a 3-D
digital description of the part (for example
from a CAD file or scan data) on the
surface of a powder bed. After each cross-
section is scanned, the powder bed is
lowered by one layer thickness, a new
layer of material is applied on top, and the
process is repeated until the part is
completed.
SLM
Selective laser melting is able to process a
variety of alloys, allowing prototypes to
be functional hardware made out of the
same material as production components.
Since the components are built layer by
layer, it is possible to design complex
freeform geometries, internal features
and challenging internal passages that
could not be produced using conventional
manufacturing techniques such as casting
or otherwise machined. The process starts
by slicing the 3D CAD file data into layers,
usually from 20 to 100 micrometres thick,
creating a 2D cross-section of each layer;
this file format is the industry standard .stl
file used on most layer-based 3D printing
or stereolithography technologies.

Laminated object manufacturing:

LASER
A laser beam [1] created by a laser
generator is focused through a lens [2]
onto the workpiece. Metal powder [3], or
metal wire, is introduced at the focus of
the laser beam, where the metal powder
and workpiece melt and thus building on
the surface. An inert gas [4] is supplied to
protect both the laser and the melt from
contamination during the welding
process. The cross section of the detail is
thus built-up step by step until the
complete detail is created. The method
can also be used to repair damaged or
worn surfaces and is then often described
as laser welding with powder.
These are prototypers based on layer
laminate manufacturing, which at Helisys,
is called laminated object manufacturing
(LOM, a protected name). Layer by layer
an adhesive-coated film is adhered to a
building platform or on the partially
completed model and contoured by the
use of a CO2 laser plotter. All not-inherent
regions of the model are removed
manually after completion. Basically all
materials that are available as film can be
used. Paper sheets are standard. In
addition, plastics and ceramics are
available, but they are not very common.
The LOM machines currently do not play a
major role and are no longer sold. The
description was left in this book because it
reflects the common basic principle of all
later developed machines from other
manufacturers.
2MARKS
Binder jetting is an additive
manufacturing process in which an THERMAL BONDING
industrial printhead selectively deposits a Thermal bonding, also known as 'heat
liquid binding agent onto a thin layer of bonding' or melt bonding, is a process
powder particles — foundry sand, that actually melts the web together at
ceramics, metal or composites — to build fibre crossover points. In this process, the
high-value and one-of-a-kind parts and web is passed through a source of heat,
tooling. Binder jetting can be used to such as pressurized steam or hot air,
print a variety of materials including which causes fusion at fibre crossover
metals, sands and ceramics. Markets for points.
this process include industrial
applications, dental and medical devices, ADHESIVE BONDING
aerospace components, part casting, Adhesive Bonding is the process of
luxury applications. joining two surfaces together, usually
How electron beam function with the creation of a smooth bond. This
In EBM, electrons are released from a may involve the use of glue, epoxy, or one
heated tungsten filament; a wehnelt of a wide range of plastic agents which
electrode is used to control the bond either through the evaporation of a
convergence and intensity of the beam. solvent or through curing via heat, time,
The main advantages of this process are or pressure.
high degree of automation, high
productivity, high precision.
Powder based rpt application
1.3D Systems’ Selective Laser Sintering
(SLS)
2.Optomec's Laser Engineered Net
Shaping (LENS)
3.Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
4.Generis RP System
5.Precision Optical Manufacturing's
Direct Metal Deposition (DMDM).
Which process is suitable for extrusion
Material extrusion is the most used 3D
printing process. Fused Deposition
Modelling (FDM) is the most popular
Material Extrusion Process apart from
its open-source equivalent Fused
Filament Fabrication (FFF) which only
differs in way being legally
unconstrained.
What is the principle of LOM?
LOM technology uses adhesive-coated
paper, plastic, or metal laminates as a 3D
printing medium. These sheets of
material are glued together layer-by-
layer and cut into shape using a knife or
with laser cutting. Objects created using
LOM can then be further modified post
process by machining or drilling.
Limitation of ebm
Only works with a limited number of
metals (titanium and chromium-cobalt)
Reduced accuracy compared to laser
printers due to the slightly wider electron
beam. The materials and machines are
much more expensive than traditional
manufacturing methods.
EBM
This is an additive manufacturing machine
for sintering pure metal powder. The
surface areas of a powder bed of the
component contour are selectively melted
with an electron beam in vacuum, which
forms a layer after solidification (electron
beam melting, EBM). The component is
created layer by layer according to the
respective recoating. The Arcam EBM
Control software needs slice files (SLC),
which are derived from STL data. To
import the CAD data, to process the STL
data, to prepare individual construction
processes, and to slice the STL data sets,
Arcam recommends the RP software
Magics (Materialise). Via the software,
prepared building strategies can be
selected or the operator can design his or
her own. In the machine, practically all
technically relevant materials can be
melted. Arcam has a number of materials
qualified for the process, but it also
supports customized developments.
There are three families of materials:
steel, titanium materials, and CoCr alloys.
Application
Functional prototypes, end products.
Fused deposit modelling
The FDM machines from Stratasys melt
prefabricated wire-shaped thermoplastics
and lead the viscous melt through a
heated nozzle specifically to the
component. The stratification is done by
solidification due to heat conduction in
the partially finished component. The
range of materials includes plastics such as
polycarbonate and ABS, but also high-
performance thermoplastic plastics such
as polyphenylsulfones (PPSFS). In this
case, the thermoplastics and waxes are
supplied in the form of wire on rolls or
cartridges, are melted partially, and are
extruded The nozzle head is guided by an
x-y plotter in the building plane. After
coating a building plane, the base plate
with the model is lowered by a layer
thickness, and the process begins anew
with the next layer. ApplicationAreas:
Conceptual models, function prototypes,
end products, series-identical
components of investment castings,
tooling of moulding processes
Selective Laser Sintering
An additive manufacturing layer
technology, SLS involves the use of a high
power laser (for example, a carbon
dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of
plastic, metal, ceramic, or glass powders
into a mass that has a desired three-
dimensional shape. The laser selectively
fuses powdered material by scanning
cross-sections generated from a 3-D
digital description of the part (for example
from a CAD file or scan data) on the
surface of a powder bed. After each cross-
section is scanned, the powder bed is
lowered by one layer thickness, a new
layer of material is applied on top, and the
process is repeated until the part is
completed.
SLM
Selective laser melting is able to process a
variety of alloys, allowing prototypes to
be functional hardware made out of the
same material as production components.
Since the components are built layer by
layer, it is possible to design complex
freeform geometries, internal features
and challenging internal passages that
could not be produced using conventional
manufacturing techniques such as casting
or otherwise machined. The process starts
by slicing the 3D CAD file data into layers,
usually from 20 to 100 micrometres thick,
creating a 2D cross-section of each layer;
this file format is the industry standard .stl
file used on most layer-based 3D printing
or stereolithography technologies.

Laminated object manufacturing:

LASER
A laser beam [1] created by a laser
generator is focused through a lens [2]
onto the workpiece. Metal powder [3], or
metal wire, is introduced at the focus of
the laser beam, where the metal powder
and workpiece melt and thus building on
the surface. An inert gas [4] is supplied to
protect both the laser and the melt from
contamination during the welding
process. The cross section of the detail is
thus built-up step by step until the
complete detail is created. The method
can also be used to repair damaged or
worn surfaces and is then often described
as laser welding with powder.
These are prototypers based on layer
laminate manufacturing, which at Helisys,
is called laminated object manufacturing
(LOM, a protected name). Layer by layer
an adhesive-coated film is adhered to a
building platform or on the partially
completed model and contoured by the
use of a CO2 laser plotter. All not-inherent
regions of the model are removed
manually after completion. Basically all
materials that are available as film can be
used. Paper sheets are standard. In
addition, plastics and ceramics are
available, but they are not very common.
The LOM machines currently do not play a
major role and are no longer sold. The
description was left in this book because it
reflects the common basic principle of all
later developed machines from other
manufacturers.
2MARKS
Binder jetting is an additive
manufacturing process in which an THERMAL BONDING
industrial printhead selectively deposits a Thermal bonding, also known as 'heat
liquid binding agent onto a thin layer of bonding' or melt bonding, is a process
powder particles — foundry sand, that actually melts the web together at
ceramics, metal or composites — to build fibre crossover points. In this process, the
high-value and one-of-a-kind parts and web is passed through a source of heat,
tooling. Binder jetting can be used to such as pressurized steam or hot air,
print a variety of materials including which causes fusion at fibre crossover
metals, sands and ceramics. Markets for points.
this process include industrial
applications, dental and medical devices, ADHESIVE BONDING
aerospace components, part casting, Adhesive Bonding is the process of
luxury applications. joining two surfaces together, usually
How electron beam function with the creation of a smooth bond. This
In EBM, electrons are released from a may involve the use of glue, epoxy, or one
heated tungsten filament; a wehnelt of a wide range of plastic agents which
electrode is used to control the bond either through the evaporation of a
convergence and intensity of the beam. solvent or through curing via heat, time,
The main advantages of this process are or pressure.
high degree of automation, high
productivity, high precision.
Powder based rpt application
1.3D Systems’ Selective Laser Sintering
(SLS)
2.Optomec's Laser Engineered Net
Shaping (LENS)
3.Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
4.Generis RP System
5.Precision Optical Manufacturing's
Direct Metal Deposition (DMDM).
Which process is suitable for extrusion
Material extrusion is the most used 3D
printing process. Fused Deposition
Modelling (FDM) is the most popular
Material Extrusion Process apart from
its open-source equivalent Fused
Filament Fabrication (FFF) which only
differs in way being legally
unconstrained.
What is the principle of LOM?
LOM technology uses adhesive-coated
paper, plastic, or metal laminates as a 3D
printing medium. These sheets of
material are glued together layer-by-
layer and cut into shape using a knife or
with laser cutting. Objects created using
LOM can then be further modified post
process by machining or drilling.
Limitation of ebm
Only works with a limited number of
metals (titanium and chromium-cobalt)
Reduced accuracy compared to laser
printers due to the slightly wider electron
beam. The materials and machines are
much more expensive than traditional
manufacturing methods.
EBM
This is an additive manufacturing machine
for sintering pure metal powder. The
surface areas of a powder bed of the
component contour are selectively melted
with an electron beam in vacuum, which
forms a layer after solidification (electron
beam melting, EBM). The component is
created layer by layer according to the
respective recoating. The Arcam EBM
Control software needs slice files (SLC),
which are derived from STL data. To
import the CAD data, to process the STL
data, to prepare individual construction
processes, and to slice the STL data sets,
Arcam recommends the RP software
Magics (Materialise). Via the software,
prepared building strategies can be
selected or the operator can design his or
her own. In the machine, practically all
technically relevant materials can be
melted. Arcam has a number of materials
qualified for the process, but it also
supports customized developments.
There are three families of materials:
steel, titanium materials, and CoCr alloys.
Application
Functional prototypes, end products.
Fused deposit modelling
The FDM machines from Stratasys melt
prefabricated wire-shaped thermoplastics
and lead the viscous melt through a
heated nozzle specifically to the
component. The stratification is done by
solidification due to heat conduction in
the partially finished component. The
range of materials includes plastics such as
polycarbonate and ABS, but also high-
performance thermoplastic plastics such
as polyphenylsulfones (PPSFS). In this
case, the thermoplastics and waxes are
supplied in the form of wire on rolls or
cartridges, are melted partially, and are
extruded The nozzle head is guided by an
x-y plotter in the building plane. After
coating a building plane, the base plate
with the model is lowered by a layer
thickness, and the process begins anew
with the next layer. ApplicationAreas:
Conceptual models, function prototypes,
end products, series-identical
components of investment castings,
tooling of moulding processes
Selective Laser Sintering
An additive manufacturing layer
technology, SLS involves the use of a high
power laser (for example, a carbon
dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of
plastic, metal, ceramic, or glass powders
into a mass that has a desired three-
dimensional shape. The laser selectively
fuses powdered material by scanning
cross-sections generated from a 3-D
digital description of the part (for example
from a CAD file or scan data) on the
surface of a powder bed. After each cross-
section is scanned, the powder bed is
lowered by one layer thickness, a new
layer of material is applied on top, and the
process is repeated until the part is
completed.
SLM
Selective laser melting is able to process a
variety of alloys, allowing prototypes to
be functional hardware made out of the
same material as production components.
Since the components are built layer by
layer, it is possible to design complex
freeform geometries, internal features
and challenging internal passages that
could not be produced using conventional
manufacturing techniques such as casting
or otherwise machined. The process starts
by slicing the 3D CAD file data into layers,
usually from 20 to 100 micrometres thick,
creating a 2D cross-section of each layer;
this file format is the industry standard .stl
file used on most layer-based 3D printing
or stereolithography technologies.

Laminated object manufacturing:

LASER
A laser beam [1] created by a laser
generator is focused through a lens [2]
onto the workpiece. Metal powder [3], or
metal wire, is introduced at the focus of
the laser beam, where the metal powder
and workpiece melt and thus building on
the surface. An inert gas [4] is supplied to
protect both the laser and the melt from
contamination during the welding
process. The cross section of the detail is
thus built-up step by step until the
complete detail is created. The method
can also be used to repair damaged or
worn surfaces and is then often described
as laser welding with powder.
These are prototypers based on layer
laminate manufacturing, which at Helisys,
is called laminated object manufacturing
(LOM, a protected name). Layer by layer
an adhesive-coated film is adhered to a
building platform or on the partially
completed model and contoured by the
use of a CO2 laser plotter. All not-inherent
regions of the model are removed
manually after completion. Basically all
materials that are available as film can be
used. Paper sheets are standard. In
addition, plastics and ceramics are
available, but they are not very common.
The LOM machines currently do not play a
major role and are no longer sold. The
description was left in this book because it
reflects the common basic principle of all
later developed machines from other
manufacturers.
2MARKS
Binder jetting is an additive
manufacturing process in which an THERMAL BONDING
industrial printhead selectively deposits a Thermal bonding, also known as 'heat
liquid binding agent onto a thin layer of bonding' or melt bonding, is a process
powder particles — foundry sand, that actually melts the web together at
ceramics, metal or composites — to build fibre crossover points. In this process, the
high-value and one-of-a-kind parts and web is passed through a source of heat,
tooling. Binder jetting can be used to such as pressurized steam or hot air,
print a variety of materials including which causes fusion at fibre crossover
metals, sands and ceramics. Markets for points.
this process include industrial
applications, dental and medical devices, ADHESIVE BONDING
aerospace components, part casting, Adhesive Bonding is the process of
luxury applications. joining two surfaces together, usually
How electron beam function with the creation of a smooth bond. This
In EBM, electrons are released from a may involve the use of glue, epoxy, or one
heated tungsten filament; a wehnelt of a wide range of plastic agents which
electrode is used to control the bond either through the evaporation of a
convergence and intensity of the beam. solvent or through curing via heat, time,
The main advantages of this process are or pressure.
high degree of automation, high
productivity, high precision.
Powder based rpt application
1.3D Systems’ Selective Laser Sintering
(SLS)
2.Optomec's Laser Engineered Net
Shaping (LENS)
3.Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
4.Generis RP System
5.Precision Optical Manufacturing's
Direct Metal Deposition (DMDM).
Which process is suitable for extrusion
Material extrusion is the most used 3D
printing process. Fused Deposition
Modelling (FDM) is the most popular
Material Extrusion Process apart from
its open-source equivalent Fused
Filament Fabrication (FFF) which only
differs in way being legally
unconstrained.
What is the principle of LOM?
LOM technology uses adhesive-coated
paper, plastic, or metal laminates as a 3D
printing medium. These sheets of
material are glued together layer-by-
layer and cut into shape using a knife or
with laser cutting. Objects created using
LOM can then be further modified post
process by machining or drilling.
Limitation of ebm
Only works with a limited number of
metals (titanium and chromium-cobalt)
Reduced accuracy compared to laser
printers due to the slightly wider electron
beam. The materials and machines are
much more expensive than traditional
manufacturing methods.