30 06 2020

Magnetism Matter
The Base Magnet 8

S N

Magnetic Pole Strength 19M C magnetic monopole strength

Magnetic Dipole moment

M 9M d fo qd
Electric
unit of M amp m2
unit of 9M amp m

Distance b w the poles d d is 9M to Gm

The magnetic poles North 19in South C 9in are
slightly
inside from the ends

Magnetic fieldalways form closed tops

lines

MFL go from Nts 5 pole outside the magnet f s b N pole

inside the magnet

v s
u
v s
7

c J
n c uv
 The pole strength may change upon cutting the magnet

at
Stand 1 94 N SL gm 9mg N
M
art
if I
1 9mi494 CGm 9 SC 9m12 9m12 N 12
S N S N t
S f 9m12 9m12 N 17 2

always dipole is created

a

It is possible to have MTef but BIG O

G Toroid
M to the B to
Units
B
Magnetic
Field 1 Tesla T 104 harms a

Magnetic Intensity H
I Alm Hot X 10 3 Oersted

Magnetic field lines are not lines of forces

a BE
who M
Tr I3
is 9m14 9mW IS
Ba m Ba MET 213
a
BE

No 9 9ns E B Z nTxB
U NT Es
ef M
on
R
9in ZR L
9M 9M

9M am
MT Mz it j
9M 9 MT in Mz j

ef

v n

S N
U ER 2
Ba
2 R21225312
n R
n
NT i aR2 i 2 E TR
Ba MET n3

TE 2127

01 07 2020

Geomagnetism
Dynamo Effect Earth's magnetic field is due to convective
motion of metallic fluids in outer care

MEarth 8 1022 A m2

magnetic North Pole South pole of Earth's magnetic moment

North pointing pole

Magnetic South Pole North pole of Earth's magnetic moment

South pointing pole
 Dipole Approx
A clinic Line 80 go Correct
S Equivalent Bar
N magnet

secular variation change in magnetic properties of earth

over a period of years

Nm Ng
i e
magnetic meridian

8Th meridian

i i
Sm
Sg
a Geographic
vertical North
ants
20
0 Declination I
of
Inclination Dip a
HE a
BE met magnetic field magnetic
hots North
HE 3 Horizontal comp at
ants

Ze 5 Vertical comp ZE
it
HE BE as of
BE ZE BE Sin of
g
as Intensity BE I

Net magnetic field

Holts Koo G

Isodynamic lines constant Be

b Declination O

angle b w Geographic meridian and magnetic

meridian
Positive if BH is east of the north geographic north

Isogonic lines constant O

Generally smaller near equator larges near poles

C Inclination Diep Q
angle of BE with horizontal
Pointing up C 95 ts down 900

Generallypositive in northern hemisphere

Isoclinic lines constant of
North pre 95 South pre go

magnetic equator 00 A clinic line

generally

02 07 2020

o
Gilbert Ampere
9in
A
9 b m
s
m p Spinning or

qin q revolving
current
charge
or loop

Finding diff declination

Ng
True north

1l D 0 declination
D Nm
magnetic north
Horizontal plane
 Ng
True north

1 D 0 declination
L
D Nm
magnetic north
Horizontal plane

if
I Horizontal
Tangent to earth Surface
dip
Vertical plane inclination
containing Nmf g

BE direction
Tangent to net field BE
of Declination inclination are 0.4 0 at some point
Find the apparent dip at that point in a meridian
plane at an
angle 2 with the magnetic meridian

µ
Bu Breast
By Bj Bu
d
a
Bu
BI Bus L
yo
is Angle b w Bj Ble
4 of B
BH
BL
is app dip of O
ten of B Bie
Bu Bu B
BE
Bjp 2
magnetic meridian 2
tango tend BEZ E 43,12
Csa
 03 07 2020

Magnetization

magnetic dipole moment per unit volume

a
FP Mnet
V

vector

unit Alm

T
p i
Soft iron core
Bo no ni field duets solenoid only
a a
B Bot Bm Bm is field duets magnetization

Bm Mom

B BT no M

IT BUI Bfg m magnetic intensity

B no tetons
I duets core
duets magnetization
solenoid curren

it Nti N magnetic susceptibility

 B us ith tf
I Itn
BT nous tf htt's My No
Relative Permeability
Non magnetic material my 1

Superconductor my 0

Table 53 NCERT

Refractive index IFS

in
f Muse
u t Non magnetic material

light parsing through Superconductor

magnetic Properties
Two opposite effects
a Inherent diamagnetism
due to Lenz Law an external Bo is always
opposed
n is negative
err is less than one

NaCl
many inorganiccompounds almost an
organic compounds water diamond
b Unpaired electrons
large 0contribution to M
N MT11RE
dipoles orient
Quantum reeling
mechanical
or along Tsf
effect
Domains are formed
rn more stable
Curie's Law

pts c BI Paramagnetic
T
valid till saturation

Curie's Temperature o

C
N
T TC To Curie's Temp
T To N O

Hysteresis curve

wet
magnetic
field

H c
B M

B BotBm
H B rr
Solenoid
intensity in
absence of
core

area a
energy density
larger area has more hysteresis loss

0 Unmagnetized ferromagnetic material

a 5 Saturation all domains aligned
b s 8 0 H o or B _0 Retentivity Ob
 Retentivity Residual magnetization after removing
current in solenoid
Permanent magnet high retentivity
high coercivity
C 13 0
coercivity Oe

Coercivity opposite H required to demagnetize

Domain

t
Ferromagnetic
 04 07 2020
Doubts

sat tamp tgf

Declination Lo

tano tano
as a
Hands
a Iz Iho tan Oz
sins
 Magnetic Properties

Electricpolarisation is along É magneticpolarization may be parallel or

antiparallel t of
Ferromagnetic substances may retain their magnetization

Force on magnetic dipole

F PCM I m 7 5
mmmm as
Diamagnet's is universal but much weaker than paramagnetism
Diamagnetics is due to induced in in atomic orbits

Paramagnetism is due to unpaired spin

It is stronger than diamagnetism
When placed in non uniform field paramagnet is attracted into
the field diamagnet is repelled away
Magnetization M magnetic dipole moment per unit volume

Bound Current

Volume Current If Txt

Surface Current Ky MX i
Also 7.55 0

Auxiliary field H

F It
Tx Jj
ftp.dt I free endsred

H magnetic field B Finn density or magnetic Induction

MI Kmt
Nu is re
for diamagnets
B Moc Htm no it Rm H MH