UoG Institute of Technology

Problem #1

The inertia of the elastic elements is negligible. What is the natural frequency of the system
assuming a SDOF model is used?

Given :-

 m=150kg
 L=0.8m
 E=210∗10 9 N /m2
−5 4
 I =1.6∗10 m
 assuming a SDOF model

Required

 What is the natural frequency of the system (f)?

Solution :- To find the natural frequency of the system

ωn
 f= but,
2π
k
 wn=√
m

Where

 k is stiffness of the member k= W/Δ static

 W weight =mg 150kg*9.81m/s^2 =1,471.50 N
2 3 3
w L3 150 k g∗9.81 m/s ∗0.8 m −5
 Δstatic= = 9 2 −5 4 =7.4743∗10 m
3 EI 3∗210∗10 N /m ∗1.6∗10 m
1471.50 N
 K= −5
7.4743∗10 m
= 19,687,500 N/m
 M is mass of the object =150kg
 Wn is natural circular frequency
19687500
 wn=√
150
=362.284 rad/sec

Problem #2

A mass of 5 kg is dropped onto the end of a cantilever beam with a velocity of 0.5 m/s. The
impact causes vibrations of the mass, which sticks to the beam. The beam is made of steel (E

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=210 x109 N/m2), is 2.1 m long, and has a moment of inertia I = 3 x10–6 m4. Neglect inertia of
the beam and assume no damping. Determine the response of the mass.

Given :-

 m=5kg
 L=2.1m
 v=0.5m/s
 E=210∗10 9 N /m2
 I =3∗10−6 m4
 assuming assume no damping

Required

 Determine the response of the mass ( A , ∅ )

Solution

 Let u(t) represent the displacement of the mass, which is measured positive downward
from the equilibrium position of the mass after it is attached to the beam. The system is
modeled as a 5 kg mass hanging from a spring of stiffness.
 The beam is in equilibrium at t = 0 when the particle hits. However, u is measured
from the equilibrium position of the system with the particle attached. Thus,
Fs mg
 u(0)=- Δstatic= = but,
k k
9 2 −6 4
3 EI 3∗210∗10 N /m ∗3∗10 m
 k= 3 = 3 3 =204,081.633 N /m2
L 2.1 m
2
5 kg∗9.81 m/s
 u(0)=- Δstatic= 2
=−2.40345∗10−4 m
204,081.633 N /m
 where the amplitude A and the phase are determined using Equations

√
2
 A= uₒ +
( ωǔₒn )but,
2

√
N
204,081.633

√
 k m
2 202.03rad/sec
ωn= = =¿
m 5 kg

√ ( )
2
m
0.5
 −4 2 s
2 Ans
A= ( −2.40345∗10 ) m+
−3
=2.46∗10 m∨2.46 mm
202.03

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−4
uₒ −1 −2.40345∗10 m¿
 ∅=tan −1 ( ¿ )=tan ( )=−5.547 ° clokwise directon ¿ ¿
ǔ/wn 0.5 m/202.03

Problem #3

An air conditioner weighs 1 kN and is driven by a motor at 500 rpm. What is the required static
deflection of an undamped isolator to achieve 80 percent isolation? Assume no damping.

Given :-

 W=1KN
 Undamped isolator
 A motor driven by 500 rpm.
 80% isolation

Required

 Determine the static deflection

Solution

 Eighty percent isolation means that the transmitted force is reduced by 80 percent of
that if the machine were directly bolted to the floor. It is 20 percent of the value of the
excitation force.
 TR force transmitted to the ground =
F transmited ¿ the ground ¿
F internally generated =20%
 For undamped isolator let( ζ=0 & ζ=0.1)
 For ζ=0 ,T(r,0)=0.2=(
√ 1
2
( 1−r 2 )
) Since r>√ 2to achieve isolation, and a positive

result is required from the square root, the appropriate form of the preceding
equation after the square root is taken is
1
⤇ 0.2= 2 ❑
r −1
⤇ 0.2(r 2−1 ) = 1
⤇ 0.2r 2 =1.2
⤇ r 2=1.2/0.2
∴ r=2.4495The maximum natural frequency for the air conditioner-isolator
system to achieve 80 percent isolation is calculated as

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rad
∗1min
rev
 ωf
500 rpm∗2 π
60 sec
ωn= = =21.376 rad / sec
r 2.4495

 The required static deflection is obtained fromωn= k = g

m
√ √
m Δ
so,

9.81
2
g s
Δ= 2 = =0.02147 m∨21.47 mmAns
( )
2
ωn rad
21.376
sec ❑

√
2
1+ ( 2∗0.1∗r )
 For ζ=1 ,T(r,0.1)= 0.2=( 2
)
( 1−r 2 ) + ( 2∗0.1∗r )2

√ √
2 2
1+0.04 r 1+ 0.04 r
0.2= ¿= ¿ square both sides the
(r ¿ ¿ 4−2 r +1)+ 0.04 r (r ¿ ¿ 4−1.96 r +1)
2 2 2

1+ 0.04 r 2
equation becomes. 0.04= 4 2
r −1.96 r + 1
0.04 ( r −1.96 r +1 ) =1+0.04 r
4 2 2
Finally the equation becomes,
( r 4−2.96 r 2 −24 ) =0 then to find the value of r
−b ± √ b2−4 ac
r 2= =2.96 ±
√2.962 −4∗(−24¿) =r 2 =(6.5976∧−3.6376)¿
2a 2
Choosing the positive value and taking the square root leads to r= 2.5686.
Note that this value is greater than the value obtained for ζ=0. Thus,
rad
∗1min
rev
 ωf
500 rpm∗2 π
60 sec
ωn= = =20.3846 rad / sec
r 2.5686

 The required static deflection is obtained fromωn= k = g

m
√ √
m Δ
so,

2
9.81
g s
Δ= 2 = =0.02361 m∨23.61 mm Ans
( )
2
ωn rad
20.3846
sec ❑

Problem #4

During operation, a 100 kg reciprocating machine is subject to a force F(t)=200 sin 60t N. The
machine is mounted on springs of an equivalent stiffness of 4.3 x10^6 N/m. What is the
machine’s steady-state amplitude?

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Given

 m=100kg
 k=4.3*10^6 N/m
 p(t)=200sin60t N

Required

 What is the machine’s steady-state amplitude? (u stady)

Solution

 The natural frequency of the system and the frequency ratio are

√
N
4.3∗106
ωn=
√k
m
ω
=
100 kg
m
=207.3644 rad / sec
60 rad /sec
r= = =0.2893
ωn 207.3644 rad /sec
The steady-state amplitude of the machine is
Po 1
 u stady =Po∗R d= ∗( )
k 1−r 2
200 N 1
 u stady = ∗( )
4.3∗10 N /m 1−0.28932
6

−5
 u stady =5.076∗10 m

Problem #5

For two degree-of-freedom system shown below, determine the steady-state response of the
system. Assume no damping.

Given :-

 m1=1kg
 m2=2kg
 k1=1N/m
 k2=1N/m

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 p(t)=10 sin2t
 assuming assume no damping

Required

 Determine the steady-state response of the system

Solution

The differential equations governing the motion of the system are

 [M][x(t)]+[k][x(t)]=0

[ ][ ] [
1 0 ǖ (t )
 0 2
ǖ (t )
2 −1 u ( t )
+ −1 1
u (t ) ][ ]
=0

 ẍ ( t ) +2 u1 ( t )−u 2 (t )=0¿ (1)

 2 ǖ ( t ) −u1 ( t )+ 3u 2 ( t )=10 sin ⁡(2 t)¿ (2)

The steady-state response is determined by assuming

 X 1 =u1 sin (2t )

 X 2 =u2 sin (2t )

Substituting the solution into the differential equations leads to

 −4 u1 +2u 1−u2=0 ____________1

 −8 u2−u 1+ 3u 2=10 ____________2
Or
 −2 u1−u2 =0 ___________3
 −u1−5 u 2=10u 1=−10−5u 2___________4
10 −20
Substitute equation 4 into 3 then u1= ∧u2 = The steady-state responses of the
9 9
two masses are
10
 u1 ( t ) = sin(2 t)
9
20
 u2 ( t ) = sin(2 t−π)
9

Problem #6

When a 40-kg machine is placed on an elastic foundation, its free vibrations appear to decay
exponentially with a frequency of 91.7 rad/s. When a 60-kg machine is placed on the same
foundation, the frequency of the exponentially decaying oscillations is 75.5 rad/s. Determine
the equivalent stiffness and equivalent viscous damping coefficient for the foundation.

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Given :-

 m1=40kg
 m2=60kg
 w d 1=91.7 rad/sec
 w d 2=75.5 rad/sec
 free vibration

Required

Determine the equivalent stiffness and equivalent viscous damping coefficient for the
foundation (k,c)

Solution

When a machine is attached to the foundation, its free vibrations are modeled by a mass
connected to a spring of stiffness k in parallel with a viscous damper of damping coefficient c.
The frequency of damped free vibrations is

ω d=ω N √ 1−ζ ---------1

2

Where the natural frequency and damping ratio are given by

ωN =
√ k
m
and _____________2

c
ζ= _______________3
2m wn

Substitution of eqs. (2) and (3) in eq.(1) leads to

√ √ ( ) √
2 2
k c
ω d= ∗ 1− = 1 ∗ k − c ___________4
m 2 m wn √ m 4m

Squaring eq. (4) and rearranging leads to

2
2 c
ω m=k −
d ---------------------------5
4m

When m = 40 kg, ωd = 91.7 rad/s. Substituting into eq. (5) leads to

2 c2 c2
91.7 ∗40 kg=k− =336,355.6=k−
4∗40 160

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2
c
336,355.6+ =k ______________6
160

When m = 60 kg, ωd = 75.5 rad/s.

2 c2 c2
75.5 ∗60 kg=k− =342,015=k− ____________7 substitute equation 6 into equation 7
4∗60 240

c2 c2
342,015=336,355.6+ −
160 240
2 2
c c
342,015−336,355.6= −
160 240
2
c
5,659.4=
480

5,659.4∗480=c 2

c=1,648.1844 kg/s and

k= 353,333.80 N/m

Problem #7

During a long earthquake the one-story frame structure shown below is subject to a ground
acceleration of amplitude 50 mm/s2 at a frequency of 88 rad/s. Determine the acceleration
amplitude of the structure. Assume the girder is rigid and the structure has a damping ratio of
0.03.

Given :-

 m=2000kg
 1.8*10^5 N/m
 ζ=0.03
 w 2 Y =50 mm/s^2
 ω=88 rad/sec
 Assume the girder is rigid and the structure has a damping

Required

Determine the acceleration amplitude of the structure w 2 X

Solution

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The natural frequency and damping ratio for the system are

√ √
5
k 18∗10
ωN = = =30 rad /sec
m 2000 kg

ω 88
r= = =2.9333
ω N 30

The acceleration amplitude is calculated from

√
2 2
w X 1+ ( 2 ζr )
2
= 2
w Y ( 1−r 2 ) + ( 2 ζr )2

w2 X
50 mm/s 2

2
=
√ 1+ ( 2∗0.03∗2.9333 )2
2
( 1−2.93332 ) + (2∗0.03∗2.9333 )2
=0.1335

w X =0.1335*50mm/s^2 = 6.675mm/s^2

Problem #8

A 30-kg compressor is mounted on an isolator pad of stiffness 6x10^5 N/m. When subject to a
harmonic excitation of magnitude 350N and frequency 100rad/s, the phase difference between
the excitation and steady–state response is 24.3°. What is the damping ratio of the isolator and
its maximum deflection due to this excitation?

Given :-

 m=30kg
 k=6*10^5 N/m
 Ø=24.3°
 P0=350 N
 ω=100 rad/sec

Required

What is the damping ratio of the isolator and its maximum deflection due to this excitation? (ζ
& Δ)

Solution

The natural frequency and damping ratio for the system are

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√ √
5
k 6∗10
ωN = = =141.421 rad / sec
m 30 kg

ω 100 rad / sec

r= = =0.7071
ω N 141.421 rad /sec

The damping ratio is calculated from the phase angle

2
−1 2 ζr 1−r
∅=tan (¿ 2
)but ,ζ =tan ∅( ¿ )¿ ¿
1−r 2r

1−0.70712
ζ =tan 24.3 °(¿ )=0.15964 ¿
2∗0.7071

The magnification factor is

1 1
M(r,ζ )= =M(0.7071,0.15964 )= =1.
√(( 1−r ) ¿ + (2 ζr ) )¿
2 2 2
√(( 1−0.7071 ) ¿ +( 2∗0.15964∗0.7071 ) )¿
2 2 2

8228

The amplitude is calculated using the magnification factor

P 0∗M (r , ζ ) mw 2 X P ∗M (r , ζ )
¿ =M ( r , ζ ) so , ∆= 0
mw 2
P0 mw 2

350 N∗1.8228
, ∆= 2
=1.0633∗10−3 m
30∗141.421

Problem #9

For two story shear building structure shown below, calculate

a) Natural frequency of vibration

b) Mode shapes

c) Modal mass and Modal stiffness matrix

d) Orthonormal zed mode shapes

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Solution

a) Calculation of Natural frequency of vibration

1. Mass matrix M=
m 0 1360 0
0 m
= [0 660][
kg ]
2. Stiffness matrix

K=
−k 2 [
k 1 +k 2 −k 2
k2 ]
but first find k 1∧¿ k ¿ so, 2

2 ( 12 EI )
48∗2.5∗10 4 N /mm2∗5∗105 m m4 N
 k 1= = =22.222 =22.222∗103 N /m
h3 3
3000 m m 3
mm
2 ( 12 EI ) 48∗2.5∗10 N /mm ∗5∗10 m
4 2 5m 4
N 3
 k 2= = =38.4 =38.4∗10 N /m
h3 3
2500 m m 3
mm

K= [
k 1 +k 2 −k 2
−k 2 k2
=103
] [
22.222+ 38.4 −38.4
−38.4 38.4
¿ 103 ] [
−38.4 38.4 ]
60.622 −38.4
N/m

3. Determine eigenvalueω 2
To find the eigenvalue use matrix [k]-[ω 2 M ¿=0 then solve the ω 2

⤇10
3
[ 60.622 −38.4
−38.4 38.4
−
0 ][
ω 2 1360
2
0
ω 660
=0 ]
[ ]
2
60,622−ω 1360 −38,400
⤇ 2 =0
−38,400 38,400−ω 660

⤇ (60,622-ω 2 1360)*(38,400−ω 2 660 )-(-38,400*-38,400) =0

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⤇60,622*38,400-ω 2 1360∗38400−ω 2 660∗60,622+ω 2 1360∗ω2 660−38,400 2=0

⤇853,324,800-92,234,520ω 2+897,600ω 4=0

⤇ω 4-102.757ω 2+ 950.674=0

−b ± √ b2−4 ac 102.757 ± √ 102.7572−4∗950.674

a=1, b=-102.757, c=950.674 ω 21−2= =
2a 2

2 102.757 ± 82.197
=ω 1−2=
2

ω 21 =10.28 rad/sec ω 1=¿ 3.206 rad/ sec¿

ω 2=92.477 rad/sec ω 2=¿9.6165rad / sec¿ Natural circular frequency

2

b) Calculation of Mode shapes

To find the eigenvector use [k-ω 2 M ¿ [ ∅ ]=0

Case 1:-

For ω 1= 10.28 and setting Ø 21=1

2

⤇[ 60,622−10.28∗1360
−38,400 ]
38,400−10.28∗660 [ 1 ]
−38,400 ∅
=0 11

⤇[ −38,400 31.615.20 ] [ ]=0

46,641.20 −38,400 ∅ 11
1

⤇46,641.20∅ 11−38,400=0 _______(1)

⤇-38,400∅ 11 + 31,615.20=0 ________(2) by using to equation we know the value of ∅ 11=0.8233

Case 2:-

For ω 2= 92.477 and setting Ø 22=1

2

⤇[ 60,622−92.477∗1360
−38,400 38,400−92.477∗660 ] [ 1 ]
−38,400 ∅ =0 12

⤇[ −38,400 −22,634.82 ] [ ]=0

−65,146.72 −38,400 ∅ 12
1

⤇-65,146.72∅ 12−38,400=0 _______(1)

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⤇-38,400∅ 12−22,634.82=0 ________(2) by using to equation we know the value of

∅ 12 =−0.5894

Mode shapes in matrix form

Ø¿ [∅ ¿ ¿ 1 ∅ 2]= [ ][
∅11 ∅ 12 0.8233 −0.5894
∅21 ∅ 22
=
1 1 ]¿

c) Calculation of generalized (modal) mass & stiffness matrix

1. Generalized (modal) mass

M =∅ T M ∅

[−0.5894
M=
1] [ 0
0.8233 1 1360 0
*
660 ] [ 1
*
0.8233 −0.5894
1 ]
M =[
1,132.454 ]
1,581.503 0.05
0.05

Note: non-zero off diagonal terms are due to round off errors in calculation.

2. Generalized (modal) stiffness

K =∅ T K ∅

[−0.5894
K=
0.8233 1
]1 *[−38,400
60,622
][
−38,400 0.8233 −0.5894
38,400
*
1 1 ]
K=[
104,725.5396 ]
16,261.53924 1.23
1.23

Note: non-zero off diagonal terms are due to round off errors in calculation.

D) Calculation of orthonormalized mode shapes

∅i
⃗
∅ i=
√ mi

Ø¿ [∅ ¿ ¿ 1 ∅ 2]= [ ][
∅11 ∅ 12 0.8233 −0.5894
∅21 ∅ 22
=
1 1 ]¿

 Divide each element of ∅ iby √ mi to orta- normalize the mode shapes with respect to
generalize mass matrix.
 Divide elements of ∅ 1 by √ 1581.503∧∅ 2 by √ 1132.454

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[
∅ i=10−2 2.0703 −1.7514
⃗
2.5146 2.9716 ]

Problem #10

Calculate the displacement of the shear building structure shown in below subjected to
impulsive loading by modal superposition of spectral response method. Also, calculate inter-
story shear forces and the elastic force at each floor level. The total mass lumped at each floor
is m = 40,000 kg and the lateral stiffness of each story is k = 15 × 10 6 N/m. Assume no damping.

Required

 Calculate the displacement of the shear building structure

 Calculate inter-story shear forces and the elastic force at each floor level.

Solution

a) Calculation of Natural frequency of vibration

[ ][ ]
m 0 0 40,000 0 0
1. Mass matrix M= 0 m 0 = 0 40,000 0 kg
0 0 m 0 0 40,000
2. Stiffness matrix

[ ] [ ]
k 1 +k 2 −k 2 0 30 −15 0
K= −k 2 k 2 +k 2 −k 3 =10^6 −15 30 −15
0 −k 3 k3 0 −15 15
3. Determine eigenvalueω 2
To find the eigenvalue use matrix [k]-[ω 2 M ¿=0 then solve the ω 2

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[ ][ ]
2
30 −15 0 ω 40,000 0 0
2
⤇106 −15 30 −15 − 0 ω 40,000 0 =0
0 −15 15 0 0 2
ω 40,000

[ ]
6 2 6
30∗10 −ω 40,000 −15∗10 0
6 6 2 6
⤇ −15∗10 30∗10 −ω 40,000 −15∗10 =0
6 6 2
0 −15∗10 15∗10 −ω 40,000

ω2
Let X= , the above equation reduced to X 3 −75 X 2 +1350 X−3375=0
25

X 1 =2.9709 , X 2=23.3244 , X 3 =48.7047

2 2 2
ω 1 =74.2725rad /sec , ω 2=583.11 rad / sec , ω 3=1,217.6175 rad / sec

b) Calculation of Mode shapes

To find the eigenvector use [k-ω 2 M ¿ [ ∅ ]=0

Case 1:-
2
For ω 1= 74.2725 and setting

[ ][ ]
30−2.9709 −15 0 ∅ 11
⤇ −15 30−2.9709 −15 ∅ 21 =0
0 −15 15−2.9709 ∅ 31

[ ][ ]
27.0291 −15 0 ∅11
⤇ −15 27.0291 −15 ∅21 =0
0 −15 12.0291 ∅31

⤇27.0291∅ 11 −15 ∅ 21 =0 _______(1)

⤇-15∅ 11 + 27.0291 ∅21−15 ∅ 31 =0________(2)

⤇ -15∅ 21+ 12.0291 ∅31=0 ¿ by using to equation we know the value of

∅ 11 =1 , ∅ 21=1.80194 , ∅31=¿2.247 ¿

[ ]
1
∅ 1= 1.80194
2.247

Case 2:-

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2
For ω 2= 583.11 and setting

[ ][ ]
30−23.3244 −15 0 ∅ 12
⤇ −15 30−23.3244 −15 ∅ 22 =0
0 −15 15−23.3244 ∅ 32

[ ][ ]
6.6756 −15 0 ∅ 12
⤇ −15 6.6756 −15 ∅ 22 =0
0 −15 −8.3244 ∅ 32

⤇6.6756 ∅ 12−15 ∅ 22=0 _______(1)

⤇-15∅ 12 + 6.6756 ∅ 22 −15 ∅32=0________(2)

⤇ -15∅ 22 −8.3244 ∅32=0 ¿ (3) by using to equation we know the value of

∅ 12 =2.2 4699 , ∅ 22 =1 , ∅32=¿−1.80195 ¿

[ ]
2.24699
∅ 2= 1
−1.80195

Case 3:-
2
For ω 3= 1,217.6175 and setting

[ ][ ]
30−48.7047 −15 0 ∅13
⤇ −15 30−48.7047 −15 ∅23 =0
0 −15 15−48.7047 ∅33

[ ][ ]
−18.7047 −15 0 ∅ 13
⤇ −15 −18.7047 −15 ∅ 23 =0
0 −15 −33.7047 ∅ 33

⤇−18.7047 ∅ 13−15 ∅ 23=0 _______(1)

⤇-15∅ 13 −18.7047 ∅ 23−15 ∅ 33=0 ________(2)

⤇ -15∅ 23−33.7047 ∅33=0 ¿ (3) by using to equation we know the value of

∅ 13 =1.80193 , ∅ 23 =−2.24698 , ∅ 33=¿ 1 ¿

[ ]
1.80193
∅ 2= −2.24698
1

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Mode shapes in matrix form

[ ][ ]
∅ 11 ∅ 12 ∅ 13 1 2.24699 1.80193
¿
Ø ¿[∅ ¿ 1 ∅ ∅
2 3 ]= ∅ 21 ∅ 22 ∅ 23 = 1.80194 1 −2.24698 ¿
∅ 31 ∅ 32 ∅ 33 2.24699 −1.80195 1

c) Calculation of generalized (modal) mass & stiffness matrix

1. Generalized (modal) mass

M =∅ T M ∅

M=

[ ][ ][ ]
1 1.80194 2.24699 40,000 0 0 1 2.24699 1.80193
2.24699 1 −1.80195 0 40,000 0 1.80194 1 −2.24698
1.80193 −2.24698 1 0 0 40,000 2.24699 −1.80195 1

[ ]
371,838.0729 −1.234522 −0.8 46
M = −1.34522 371,839.5145 −0.8524
−0.846 −0.8524 331,836.6142

Note: non-zero off diagonal terms are due to round off errors in calculation.

2. Generalized (modal) stiffness

K =∅ T K ∅

[ ]
1 1.80194 2.24699
K = 2.24699 1 −1.80195 *10^6
1.80193 −2.24698 1

[ ][ ]
30 −15 0 1 2.24699 1.80193
−15 30 −15 1.80194 1 −2.24698
0 −15 15 2.24699 −1.80195 1

[ ]
27.61766 −0.202 0.0002
6
K=1 0 −0.202 217.5799 −0.09
0.0002 −0.09 452.7525

Note: non-zero off diagonal terms are due to round off errors in calculation.

D) Calculation of orthonormalized mode shapes

∅i
⃗
∅ i=
√ mi

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[ ][ ]
∅ 11 ∅ 12 ∅ 13 1 2.24699 1.80193
Ø¿ [∅ ¿ ¿ 1 ∅ ∅
2 3 ]= ∅ 21 ∅ 22 ∅ 23
= 1.80194 1 −2.24698 ¿
∅ 31 ∅ 32 ∅ 33 2.24699 −1.80195 1

 Divide each element of ∅ iby √ mi to orta- normalize the mode shapes with respect to
generalize mass matrix.
 Divide elements of ∅ 1 by √ 371,838.0729 , ∅2 by √371,839.5145∧∅ 3=√ 331,836.6142

[ ]
1.63992 3.68489 3.128065
⃗
∅ i=10−3 2.95504 1.63992 −3.90065
3.68489 −2.95505 1.73595

To determine the maximum displacement find dynamic load factor

2
For ω 1= 74.2725 (rad/sec), ω N 1 =8.61815 rad/sec

2π
 T N 1= =0.72906(sec/cycle)
ωN 1
td 0.2 ( sec )
 =
T N 1 0.72906(sec)
=0.2743

 Rd 1=0.85

2
For ω 2= 583.11 rad/sec ω N 2 =24.14767 rad/sec

2π
 T N 2= =0.2602(sec /cycle)
ωN 2
td 0.2 ( sec )
 =
T N 2 0.2602(sec)
=0.76864

 Rd 2=1.4

2
For ω 3= 1,217.6175 ( )
rad 2
sec
ω N 3=34.8944 rad /sec

2π
 T N 3= =0.1801(sec /cy cle)
ωN 3
td 0.2 ( sec )
 =
T N 3 0.1801(sec )
=1.1105

 Rd 3=1.58

 Z̈1 ( t )+¿ ω2N 1 Z1 ( t )=P¿1 ( t )=∅¨11 P1 ( t )+ ∅ 21 P1 ( t ) + ∅31 P 1 ( t ) ¿

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 Z̈2 ( t )+ ¿ ω2N 2 Z 2 ( t )=P¿2 ( t )=∅¨12 P 2 ( t )+ ∅ 22 P2 ( t ) + ∅ 32 P2 ( t ) ¿

 Z̈ ( t )+ ¿ ω2 Z ( t )=P¿ ( t ) =∅¨ P ( t ) + ∅ P ( t ) + ∅ P ( t ) ¿
3 N3 3 3 13 3 23 3 33 3

[ ]
∅ 11 ∅ 12 ∅ 13
¿
Where Ø ¿[∅ ¿ 1 ∅ ∅
2 3 ]= ∅ 21 ∅ 22 ∅ 23 ¿ are orthonormalized modal shapes
∅ 31 ∅ 32 ∅ 33

[ ]
1.63992 3.68489 3.128065
⃗ −3
∅ i=10 2.95504 1.63992 −3.90065
3.68489 −2.95505 1.73595

For static condition, acceleration=0

For Z1

 0+74.2725 Z1 ( t )=( 1.63992 (25000 )+ 2.95504 ( 50000 )+ 3.68489 ( 100000 ))∗1 0−3

Z1 static=7.5026 m

Z1 max −Dynamic =R d 1∗Z 1 static=0.85∗7.5026

Z1 max−Dynamic =6.3772m

For Z2

 0+583.11 Z 2 ( t ) =( 3.68489 (25000 )+ 1.63392 ( 50000 )−2.95504 ( 100000 ) )∗1 0

−3

Z2 static=−0.2087 m

Z2 max −Dynamic =R d 2∗Z 2 static =1.4∗(−0.2087 m)

Z2 max−Dynamic =−0.2922 m

For Z3

 0+1,217.6175 Z3 ( t )=( 3.128065 ( 25000 )−3.90065 ( 50000 ) +1.73595 ( 100000 ) )∗1 0

−3

Z3 static=0.04662 m

Z3 max−Dynamic =Rd 3∗Z 3 static =1.58∗0.04662m

Z3 max −Dynamic =0.074 m

 To determineu1 max−Dynamic by using sum of absolute values

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 UoG Institute of Technology

u1 max−Dynamic =|∅ 11∗Z 1 max−Dynamic|+|∅1 2∗Z 2 max− Dynamic|+|∅ 1 3∗Z 3 max−Dynamic|

u1 max−Dynamic =|1.63992∗1 0 ∗6.3772|+|3.68489∗1 0 ∗0.2922|+|3.128065∗1 0 ∗0.074|

−3 −3 −3

u1 max−Dynamic=¿ 0.01177m) =11.77mm

 To determineu2 max −Dynamic by using sum of absolute values

u2 max−Dynamic =|∅ 21∗Z 1 max −Dynamic|+|∅2 2∗Z 2 max− Dynamic|+|∅ 2 3∗Z 3 max− Dynamic|

u2 max−Dynamic=|2.95504∗10 ∗6.3772|+|1.63992∗1 0 ∗−0.2922|+|−3.90065∗1 0 ∗0.074|

−3 −3 −3

u2 max −Dynamic =¿ 0.01961m) =19.61mm

 To determineu3 max−Dynamic by using sum of absolute values

u3 max−Dynamic =|∅ 3 1∗Z 1 max−Dynamic|+|∅3 2∗Z 2 max−Dynamic|+|∅3 3∗Z 3 max− Dynamic|

u3 max−Dynamic =|3.68489∗1 0−3∗6.3772|+|−2.95505∗1 0−3∗−0.2922|+|1.73595∗10−3∗0.074|

u3 max−Dynamic=¿0.02449m) =24.49mm

 To determineu1 max−Dynamic by using sum of squares root

u1 max−Dynamic = √ ¿ ¿ ¿ u1 max−Dynamic = √¿ ¿ ¿

u1 max−Dynamic=0.01051m=10.51 mm

 To determineu2 max−Dynamic by using sum of squares root

u2 max −Dynamic = √¿ ¿ ¿

u2 max −Dynamic = √¿ ¿ ¿

u2 max−Dynamic=0.01885 m=18.85 mm

 To determineu3 max−Dynamic by using sum of squares root

u2 max −Dynamic = √¿ ¿ ¿

u2 max −Dynamic = √¿ ¿ ¿

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u2 max−Dynamic=0.02351 m=23.51 mm

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