GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

PARASITE TABLE
Fill the table with the information required for each criterion. Do not worry for the amount of information but prioritize what is important.

PROTOZOARIO/
CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC PICTURE OF THE
NEMATODE/TR INFECTIVE DISEASE GEOGRAPHICAL
PARASITE MORFOLOGY MANIFESTATIO METHODS TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL
EMATIDE/CEST STAGE CAUSED DISTRIBUTION
NS USED* FORMAS (STAGES)**
ODE

Leishmania Protozoario An elongated, Encysted Mucocutaneu Ulcerated lesions Most of the The blood test Liposomal
brasilensis y flagellated and larval s and and with the affected detected the amphotericin
mexicana spindle shaped. Leishmania evolutions countries are in antibody B
Has a single Brasiliense y cutaneous the tropics and Pentamidine
nucleus and a Mexicana metastases subtropics. As
kinetoplast. 3-5 India,
micrometers in Bangladesh,
length Mexico, Brazil,
Sudan, Nepal
Entamoeba Protozoario 10-60 The Amoebiasis Stomach pain Worldwide but It is identified Metronidazol
histolytica micrometers in trophozoite and stomach more common in by microscope e or tinidazole
size, with a and the cyst cramps Mexico, China, on trophozoite
single nucleus stage India, Thailand and cyst stool
centrally located and South
karyosome. It America
has a peripheral
layer of
ectoplasm and a
central layer of
endoplasm
 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Giardia Protozoario Has two nuclei, Trophozoites Giardiasis Diarrhea, nausea Worldwide, but Antibody Metronidazol
lamblia with a pear- and abdominal most common in testing with e or tinidazole
shaped, eight cramps warm places fluorescent
flagella and a microscopy
ventral sucking
disk

Fasciola Trematide 2-3 cm in length Metacercaria Fascioliasis Jaundice, Founded where Examine fecal Triclabendazo
hepática with a leaf shape. abdominal pain sheep or cattle specimens le and a good
It has a distinct and diarrhea are raised. under a practice of
oral sucker. Human microscope hygiene
infections have
been reported in
parts of Europe,
the Middle East,
Latin America,
Africa and Asia
Taenia solium Cestode Large, white, Larval stage Taeniasis and Weight lost, Worldwide Stool sample Albendazole
ribbon like a neurocysticer diarrhea and examinations or
worm. Has a cosis abdominal pain praziquantel
scolex with four
suckers and a
rostellum with
hooks. The size is
2-7 meters
Taenia Cestode Large, white, Eggs ingested Taeniasis Weight lost, Worldwide, most Examinations Praziquantel
saginata ribbon like a diarrhea and prevalent in on stool or
worm. Has a abdominal pain poorer samples niclosamide
scolex with four communities
suckers and a
rostellum with
hooks
 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Hymenolepis Cestode Small, white, Eggs ingested Hymenolepias Weight lost, Worldwide with Identifying Single dose of
nana ribbon like a is diarrhea and a higher dwarf praziquantel
worm. Has a abdominal pain prevalence in tapeworm eggs or
scolex with four Central America in stool niclosamide
suckers and a
rostellum with
hooks

Ascaris Nematode Tapered anterior Eggs Ascariasis Abdominal pain, Worldwide in Identifying Albendazole
lumbricuoides end and a diarrhea and areas with warm eggs in stool or
rounded malnutrition climate, under the mebendazole
posterior end, it subtropical microscope
is large, and the communities and
size is of 20-35 areas where
centimeters sanitation and
hygiene are poor
Enterobius Nematode Pointed tail with Eggs Enteriobiasis Anal itching, worldwide Cellulose tape Pyrantel
vermicularis a size of 8-13 or pinworm abdominal pain distribution and or swube tube pamoate,
millimeters in infection and insomnia is the most procedure mebendazole,
length common albendazole
helminth
infection in
the United
States, western
Europe, and
Oceania.
Strongyloides Nematode 2-3 millimeters Third stage Strongyloidia Skin rash, Infections are Blood test or Ivermectin
stercolaris in length, has a filariform sis abdominal pain most common in observe the
tapered anterior larvae and diarrhea areas with poor larvae in the
end and a curved sanitation, rural stool under the
posterior end and remote microscope
communities,
institutional
settings, and
among socially
marginalized
groups.
 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Necator Nematode Small like a Third stage Necatoriasis Anemia, Is found LAMP assay Single dose of
americanus worm of 5-11 filariform abdominal pain worldwide, but albendazole
millimeters in larvae and diarrhea is most common or
length with a in areas with mebendazole
straight poor sanitation
posterior end and hygiene
Trichuris Nematode Small thread like Eggs Trichuriasis Anemia, Is found Whipworm Single dose of
trichiura worm, with a abdominal pain worldwide, but eggs in stool mebendazole,
size of 30-50 and diarrhea is most common albendazole
millimeters in in areas with or ivermectin
length. With a poor sanitation
narrow anterior and hygiene
end.
Isospora belli Protozoa Ovoid shape with Sporulated Isosporiasis Weight lost, Tropical and Under Trimethoprim
a size of 20-30 oocyst abdominal subtropical areas microscope -
micrometers. cramps and as South examine stool sulfamethoxa
Single cell diarrhea America, the zole
organism Caribbean,
Africa, and
Southeast Asia
Cryptosporiu Protozoa Single celled Sporulated Cryptosporidi Dehydration, It is found Examine stool The infection
m organisms with a oocyst osis abdominal in India, China, sample usually
size of 4-6 cramps and Nepal and resolves by
micrometers diarrhea Southeast Asia. the immune
system, but if
it has a
weakened
immune
system, they
will need
medication as
nitazoxanide
or
paromomycin
 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Echinococcus Cestode Less than 5 Encysted Tapeworm or Cyst in liver, Worldwide, CT scans, Albendazole
granulosus millimeters in larval echinococcosi lungs and other frequently in ultrasonog and if it is
length. It has a s organs rural, grazing raphy, and needed
scolex or head areas where mris surgery to
that is used to dogs ingest remove cyst
attach to the organs from
intestinal lining infected animals
Trichomonas Protozoa A single celled Trophozoites Trichomonias Itching, burning Worldwide Sample of Metronidazol
vaginalis organism, 10-20 is and discharge in vaginal sample e or tinidazole
micrometers in the genital area or sometimes which are
length with four urine antibiotics
anterior flagella also avoid
and an sexual activity
undulating until the
membrane treatment is
complete
Toxoplasma Protozoa Small single- Sporozoites Toxoplasmosi Muscle pain, Worldwide, most Serologic Pyrimethamin
gondii celled that has a in oocyst s fever and common in testing e in
banana shape headache Europe, North combination
with a large and South with
nucleus America sulfadiazine
and folinic
acid
Cysticercus Cestode thin bladder wall Larval stage Taeniasis and Headache, lack of Regions where Immunoblot Albendazole
cellulosae and cystercosis attention and humans live in essay to kill the
parenchymatous excess of fluid close contact larvae, if the
portion around the brain with pigs and eat cyst has
containing a undercooked calcified
single pork. surgery may
invaginated be needed
scolex
surrounded by a
convoluted
spiral canal
 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Trichinella Nematode Small thread like First larva Trichinellosis Gastrointestinal Found Trichinella Medication to
spiralis worm that is 1.5 stage distress, muscle worldwide, but antibody test kill the
millimeters in pain and fever is most common parasite as
length. It has a in areas where albendazole
cuticle and a people eat raw or
muscular or undercook mebendazole
esophagus. meat

Footnotes
* The diagnostic methods are the laboratory techniques used to identify, diagnose the different parasites. Some parasites require specific diagnostic methods.
** The biological form (also known as biological stages) are the structures they adopt every time they are on certain environments. You have to include all the
biological stages. Do not worry for the space. Normally each parasite has two biological stages.

- National Library of Medicine. (n.d). NIH. National Center for Biotechnology Information (nih.gov)
-Centers for disease control and prevention. (n.d). CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov)
- Cabello R. (2da edición) (1999) Microbiología y parasitología humana. Editorial Médica Panamericana