Calculus III

BÀI GIẢNG
MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS
Phạm Văn Hiển - hienpv@hcmute.edu.vn - 0908248238

HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATI-
ON
6. Februar 2020
Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 1 / 178

TESTS
(A) ninth week (chapter 11+12) + twelfth week

(chapter 12+13): offline, essay
(B) 4 multichoice tests online on LMS
mid-term point
= [4(A1 + A2 ) + (B1 + B2 + B3 + B4 )]/12

LMS
Book (Eng, Vie), lessons, syllabus, ...
Website torial.math.lamar.edu
Online tests
Feedbacks
Infomations

Others
Chapter 10 is combined with chapter 13 (After

limited)
Contact teacher via email

hienpv@hcmute.edu.vn

CALCULUS - PART 3
CHAPTER 11 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION
CHAPTER 12 MULTIPLE INTEGRATION
CHAPTER 13 VECTOR ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 11 : PARTIAL
DIFFERENTIATION
1 Functions of Several variables
2 Limits and Continuity
3 Partial Derivatives
4 Tangent Plane, Approximations and

Differentiability
CHAPTER 11 : PARTIAL
DIFFERENTIATION
5 Chain Rules
6 Directional Derivatives and the Gradient
7 Extrema of Functions of two variables

11.1 Functions of Several variables
Function of two variables Assigns to each pair (x, y) in
domain a unique value f (x, y).
f :D ⊂ R2 → R
(x, y) 7→ f (x, y)

11.1 Functions of Several variables
Function of two variables Assigns to each pair (x, y) in
domain a unique value f (x, y).
f :D ⊂ R2 → R
(x, y) 7→ f (x, y)
Find domain
p
of
f (x, y) = 9 − x2 − 4y 2 .

Graph of a function of two variables
Assigns to each pair (point) (x, y) in domain a unique

value z = f (x, y).

Graph of a function of two variables
Assigns to each pair (point) (x, y) in domain a unique

value z = f (x, y).
Graph
p
f (x, y) = 9 − x2 − 4y 2 .

Level curves
z = f (x, y) = x2 + y 2

Example

Function of three variables
f :D ⊂ R3 → R
(x, y, z) 7→ f (x, y, z)

f :D ⊂ R3 → R
(x, y, z) 7→ f (x, y, z)
Ex: f (x, y, z) = (x + 2y)ez−y + ln(xy)

f :D ⊂ R3 → R
(x, y, z) 7→ f (x, y, z)
Ex: f (x, y, z) = (x + 2y)ez−y + ln(xy)
Problems:
4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18-26, 28, 30, 31, 33, 43, 44, 46,
51, 54, 55

11.2 Limits and Continuity

Limit of a function of two variables
lim f (x, y) = L
(x,y)→(x0 ,y0 )
⇔ For all sequence (xn , yn ) → (x0 , y0 ) then the se-

quence f (xn , yn ) → L

Computation
Change to limits for a function of one variable

Computation
∞
Undefinded form: 0.∞; 00 ; ∞, ∞±∞

Computation
∞
Undefinded form: 0.∞; 00 ; ∞, ∞±∞
If the limit exist then

lim
f (x, y) = lim lim f (x, y)
(x,y)→(x0 ,y0 ) x→x0 y→y0

= lim lim f (x, y) iterative limits
y→y0 x→x0

Example
1
2xy
L = lim
x→1 x2 + y 2
y→2

Example
1
2xy
L = lim
x→1 x2 + y 2
y→2
2
sin x + sin y
M = lim
x→0
y→0
x+y

Example
1
2xy
L = lim
x→1 x2 + y 2
y→2
2
sin x + sin y
M = lim
x→0
y→0
x+y
3 Show that the limit does not exist
2xy
lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2

Continuity
The function z = f (x, y) is continuous at M (x0 , y0 ) if

and only if
lim f (x, y) = f (M )
(x,y)→M

Examle
Find m = f (0, 0) so that the function
(1 + 2y)(ex−y − 1)
f (x, y) = 2 (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x − 2xy + y 2 + 3x − 3y
is continuous at M (0, 0)

Examle
Find m = f (0, 0) so that the function
(1 + 2y)(ex−y − 1)
f (x, y) = 2 (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
x − 2xy + y 2 + 3x − 3y
is continuous at M (0, 0)
Problems:
4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25-27, 30, 31, 33,
36, 37, 39, 41, 44, 47, 49, 52

11.3 Partial Derivatives
Partial Derivatives (Đạo hàm riêng)
f (x + ∆x, y) − f (x, y) ∂f
fx (x, y) = lim ≡
∆x→0 ∆x ∂x
(to find fx we fix y)
f (x, y + ∆y) − f (x, y) ∂f
fy (x, y) = lim ≡
∆y→0 ∆y ∂y
(to find fy we fix x)

Example
1
x2 + 1
z=
1 − 2y

Example
1
x2 + 1
z=
1 − 2y
2
f (x, y, z) = x2 + 2xy 2 + yz 3

Example
1
x2 + 1
z=
1 − 2y
2
f (x, y, z) = x2 + 2xy 2 + yz 3
f (x, y) = arctan(y/x)

Implicit functions
dy Fx
Suppose F (x, y) = 0 then =−
dx Fy

Implicit functions
dy Fx
dx Fy
Suppose F (x, y, z) = 0 then
∂z Fx ∂z Fy
=− và =−
∂x Fz ∂y Fz

Implicit functions
dy Fx
dx Fy
Suppose F (x, y, z) = 0 then
∂z Fx ∂z Fy
=− và =−
∂x Fz ∂y Fz
Example
Let z(x, y) be defined by the following equation
(x2 + 3y)z = ln(yz 3 + x). Find zx and zy
Partial Derivatives as rate of change
fx (x0 , y0 ) is the rate of change of f with respect to x

when x close to x0 and y = y0 is fixed.
It is similar for fy (x0 , y) )

Example

Partial Derivatives as the slope

Partial Derivatives as the slope
The line parallel to the x-z plane and tangent to the

surface z = f (x, y) at the point P0 (x0 , y0 , z0 ) has slope
fx (x0 , y0 ).
It is similar for fy (x0 , y) )

Higher-order partial derivatives:
∂ 2f

∂ ∂f
= = (fx )x = fxx
∂x2 ∂x ∂x
∂ 2f

∂ ∂f
= = (fy )y = fyy
∂y 2 ∂y ∂y
∂ 2f

∂ ∂f
= = (fy )x = fyx
∂x∂y ∂x ∂y
∂ 2f

∂ ∂f
= = (fx )y = fxy
∂y∂x ∂y ∂x

Theorem
If fxy and fyx are continuous in an open disk containing

(x0 , y0 ) then
fxy (x0 , y0 ) = fyx (x0 , y0 )

Example
f (x, y) = x2 yex−y

Example
fx = y(x2 + 2x)ex−y , fy = x2 (1 − y)ex−y

Example
fx = y(x2 + 2x)ex−y , fy = x2 (1 − y)ex−y
fxy = (x2 + 2x)(ex−y − yex−y ),

fyx = (1 − y)(2xex−y + x2 ex−y )
Example
Shows that T (x, t) = e−t cos xc satisfies the heat equa-

tion
∂T ∂ 2T
= c2 2
∂t ∂x

Example
Shows that T (x, t) = e−t cos xc satisfies the heat equa-

tion
∂T ∂ 2T
= c2 2
∂t ∂x
Problems:
3-7, 11-16, 19-22, 24,26,28, 29-34, 36, 38-41, 48-51

11.4 Tangent Plane, Differentiation

Tangent Plane
Let S be a surface with the equation F (x, y, z) = 0

and P (x0 , y0 , z0 ) ∈ S. The tangent plane (if exist) to S
at P has the equation:
Fx (P )(x − x0 ) + Fy (P )(y − y0 ) + Fz (P )(z − z0 ) = 0

Tangent Plane
Let S be a surface with the equation F (x, y, z) = 0

and P (x0 , y0 , z0 ) ∈ S. The tangent plane (if exist) to S
at P has the equation:
Fx (P )(x − x0 ) + Fy (P )(y − y0 ) + Fz (P )(z − z0 ) = 0
The vector 5F = hFx (P ); Fy (P ); Fz (P )i is a normal

vector of the tangent plane, it’s also called Gradient.

Example
Find the tangent plane of the graphe of z = x2 − y 2 at

P (2; −1; 3)

Example
Find the tangent plane of the graphe of z = x2 − y 2 at

P (2; −1; 3)
F = −x2 + y 2 + z ⇒ 5F = h−2x; 2y; 1i
So the the tangent plane at P :
−4(x − 2) − 2(y + 1) + 1(z − 3) = 0

Total Differential
∂f ∂f
df (x, y) = dx + dy
∂x ∂y
∂f ∂f ∂f
df (x, y, z) = dx + dy + dz
∂x ∂y ∂z

Approximation
Set ∆x = x − x0 , ∆y = y − y0
and ∆f = f (x, y) − f (x0 , y0 ):
∆f ≈ df(x0 ;y0 ) = fx (x0 , y0 )∆x + fy (x0 , y0 )∆y
Similar for a function several variables.

Example
Appoximately calculate by diff.
q
1.022 + sin2 (0.01)

Example
q
1.022 + sin2 (0.01)
√
Set f (x, y) x2 + siny , (x0 ; y0 ) = (1; 0)
∆x = 0.02, ∆y = 0.01. Find: fx (x0 , y0 ), fy (x0 , y0 )

Example
q
1.022 + sin2 (0.01)
√
Set f (x, y) x2 + siny , (x0 ; y0 ) = (1; 0)
∆x = 0.02, ∆y = 0.01. Find: fx (x0 , y0 ), fy (x0 , y0 )
f (1.02; 0.01) = f (x0 , y0 ) + ∆f

≈ 1 + fx .∆x + fy .∆y = 1 + 0.02 + 0

Example
Find df :
f (x, y) = x2 ln(3y 2 − 2x)

Example
Find df :
f (x, y) = x2 ln(3y 2 − 2x)
df = fx .dx + fy .dy
−2x2 6yx2

= 2x ln(3y 2 − 2x) + dx + 2 dy
3y 2 − 2x 3y − 2x

Example
R1 is measured as 300 ohms with a maximum error of
2% and R2 is measured as 500 ohms with a maximum
error of 3%. And
1 1 1
= +
R R1 R2

Example
R1 is measured as 300 ohms with a maximum error of
2% and R2 is measured as 500 ohms with a maximum
error of 3%. And
1 1 1
= +
R R1 R2
Problems:
4,6,8,10,12,14, 16, 18, 20-26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38,
39, 41, 44
11.5 Chain Rules
If z = z(x, y) and x = x(s, t), y = y(s, t) then

11.5 Chain Rules
If z = z(x, y) and x = x(s, t), y = y(s, t) then

∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y ∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y
= + and = +
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂y ∂t ∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s

Example
1 Compute ∂z/∂u, ∂z/∂v given that:
z = 4x − y 2 , x = uv 2 , y = u3 v

Example
1 Compute ∂z/∂u, ∂z/∂v given that:
z = 4x − y 2 , x = uv 2 , y = u3 v
2 f is differentiable and z = u + f (u2 v 2 ) Show that

∂z ∂z
u −v =u
∂u ∂v

Example
Compute dV /dt when r=10 and h=8 (in two ways).

Given that:
V = πr2 h, dr/dt = 3, dh/dt = −5

Example
Compute dV /dt when r=10 and h=8 (in two ways).

Given that:
V = πr2 h, dr/dt = 3, dh/dt = −5
Problems:
4-8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20, 23, 26, 27, 29, 36, 44

11.6 Directional derivatives and
Gradient

The Gradient
5f (x, y) = fx (x, y)i + fy (x, y)j

5f (x, y, z) = fx i + fy j + fz k

The Gradient
5f (x, y) = fx (x, y)i + fy (x, y)j

5f (x, y, z) = fx i + fy j + fz k
Example
f (x, y) = x2 y + y 3 at P (1, −1).

The Gradient
5f (x, y) = fx (x, y)i + fy (x, y)j

5f (x, y, z) = fx i + fy j + fz k
Example
f (x, y) = x2 y + y 3 at P (1, −1).
5f (P ) = h−2; 4i

Directional Derivative
Let u = u1 i + u2 j then
f (x0 + hu1 , y0 + hu2 ) − f (x0 , y0 )
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = lim
h→0 hkuk

Directional Derivative
Let u = u1 i + u2 j then
f (x0 + hu1 , y0 + hu2 ) − f (x0 , y0 )
Du f (x0 , y0 ) = lim
h→0 hkuk
Theorem
fx (x0 , y0 )u1 + fy (x0 , y0 )u2
Du f (x0 , y0 ) =
kuk
5f (x0 , y0 ) · u
=
kuk
Example
Compute the directional derivative of f (x, y) = ln(x2 −

3y) in the direction u = i − j at (1; −2)

Example

5f (1; −2) = h 27 ; −3
7 i

Example

5f (1; −2) = h 27 ; −3
7 i
(2/7) − (−3/7) 5
Du f (1; −2) = √ = √
2 7 2

Properties of the Gradient
Theorem 11.9

Theorem 11.9
5f shows the direction in which f is steepest

ascent.

Theorem 11.9
5f shows the direction in which f is steepest

ascent.
5F (P ) (nonzero) is orthogonal to the tangent

plane of the surface F (x, y, z) = 0 at P. It is
called normal vector. (See tangent plane)

Example
Write the equation of tangent plane and normal line
of the surface
z = 5 − x2 − y 2 + 4y
at P (1; 0; 4)

Example
of the surface
z = 5 − x2 − y 2 + 4y
at P (1; 0; 4)
From the equation of surface we have
F (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 − 4y + z − 5 = 0 and 5F (P ) =
h2; −4; 1i

Example
of the surface
z = 5 − x2 − y 2 + 4y
at P (1; 0; 4)
From the equation of surface we have
F (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 − 4y + z − 5 = 0 and 5F (P ) =
h2; −4; 1i
Tangent plane: 2(x − 1) − 4y + (z − 4) = 0
Normal line: x = 1 + 2t; y = −4t; z = 4 + t
Problems:
1,3,5,7,9,10, 12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32, 34,36,
37,39,41,43,46,48

11.7 Extrema

A) Relative extrema of Functions of
two variables
f (x, y) has an relative maximum Q(x0 , y0 ) if
f (Q) ≥ f (x, y), ∀(x, y) ∈ an open disk containing Q

A) Relative extrema of Functions of
two variables
f (x, y) has an relative maximum Q(x0 , y0 ) if
f (Q) ≥ f (x, y), ∀(x, y) ∈ an open disk containing Q
Similar for Relative minimum

Critical Points
Let f be defined on open disk D. The point P in D is

said a Critical point of f if either:
1 fx (P ) = fy (P ) = 0

Critical Points
Let f be defined on open disk D. The point P in D is

said a Critical point of f if either:
1 fx (P ) = fy (P ) = 0
2 fx (P ) or fy (P ) does not exist

A) Relative extremum...
Theorem:
If f has a relative extremum (maximum or minimum)
at P then P is a critical point of f

A) Relative extremum...
To find rel. extremum:
1 we find all of critical points.
2 At the critical point P , set:
D(P ) = fxx (P )fyy (P ) − [fxy (P )]2

A) Relative extremum ...
If D(P ) > 0 and fxx (P ) > 0 then f has rel. min.

at P


at P
If D(P ) > 0 and fxx (P ) < 0 then f has rel.

max. at P


at P
If D(P ) > 0 and fxx (P ) < 0 then f has rel.

max. at P
If D(P ) < 0 then f has a Saddle point (has

not rel. min.) at P.

Examples
Find rel. extremum of f (x, y) = 8x3 − 24xy + y 3 .

Examples
3 3
 of f (x, y) = 8x − 24xy + y .
Find rel. extremum
fx = 0
We firstly solve
f = 0
y

Examples
3 3
 of f (x,y) = 8x − 24xy + y . 
Find rel. extremum
fx = 0 24x2 − 24y = 0 y =
We firstly solve ⇒
f = 0 −24x + 3y 2 = 0 −24x
y
There are two critical points A(0; 0), B(2; 4)

Examples
3 3
 of f (x,y) = 8x − 24xy + y . 
Find rel. extremum
fx = 0 24x2 − 24y = 0 y =
f = 0 −24x + 3y 2 = 0 −24x
y
D = fxx fyy − [fxy ]2 = (48x)(6y) − (−24)2

Examples
3 3
 of f (x,y) = 8x − 24xy + y . 
Find rel. extremum
fx = 0 24x2 − 24y = 0 y =
f = 0 −24x + 3y 2 = 0 −24x
y
D = fxx fyy − [fxy ]2 = (48x)(6y) − (−24)2
At A: D < 0, f has not rel. extr. at A
At B: D > 0, fxx > 0 so f has rel. min.at B

B) Absolute Extrema with
conditions

conditions
The function f (x, y) which is defined on D has an ab-
solute maximum at M (x0 , y0 ) with condition (C) if
f (M ) ≥ f (x, y), ∀(x, y) ∈ D and satisfies (C)

conditions
The function f (x, y) which is defined on D has an ab-
solute maximum at M (x0 , y0 ) with condition (C) if
f (M ) ≥ f (x, y), ∀(x, y) ∈ D and satisfies (C)
Similar for absolute minimum

To solve this we transform the multivariables function
into the one variable function.
Example
Minimize f (x, y) = x2 − xy + 2y 2 subject to (with the

condition) 2x + y = 22

Example
Minimize f (x, y) = x2 − xy + 2y 2 subject to (with the

condition) 2x + y = 22
From the condition we see that y = 22 − 2x. Use this
we have
f (x, y) = x2 − x(22 − 2x) + 2(22 − 2x)2

= 11x2 − 198x + 968 ≡ g(x)

C) Absolute Extrema on closed
region
f (x, y) has an absolute maximum at M (x0 , y0 ) on

D if
f (M ) ≥ f (x, y), ∀(x, y) ∈ D

C) Absolute Extrema on closed
region
f (x, y) has an absolute maximum at M (x0 , y0 ) on

D if
f (M ) ≥ f (x, y), ∀(x, y) ∈ D
Similar for Absolute minimum

C) Abs. Ext. on closed region
To find the absolute extrema of differential function

f on a closed, bounded set D:
1 Compute values of f at all critical points of f in

D.

2 Find absolute extrema of f on the boundary of

D (absolute extrema with conditions)

2 Find absolute extrema of f on the boundary of

D (absolute extrema with conditions)
3 Compare the values in step 1 and 2 to conclude.

Examle
Find min, Max (absolute extrema) of f (x, y) = x2 +
y 2 − 3y on disk D : x2 + y 2 ≤ 4

Examle
y 2 − 3y on disk D : x2 + y 2 ≤ 4
The critical point A(0, 1.5) ∈ D and f (A) = −2.5.

Examle
y 2 − 3y on disk D : x2 + y 2 ≤ 4
On the half of boundary of D which has equation y =
√
4 − x2 , x ∈ [−2; 2] we have

Examle
y 2 − 3y on disk D : x2 + y 2 ≤ 4
On the half of boundary of D which has equation y =
√
4 − x2 , x ∈ [−2; 2] we have
p
f (x, y) = g(x) = x2 + (4 − x2 ) − 3 4 − x2
From g 0 (x) = 0 we have x = 0. Compute g(0) =

−2, g(−2) = g(2) = 4
continue...
On other half of boundary of D which has equation
√
y = − 4 − x2 , x ∈ [−2; 2] ... By similarly doing we
have g(0) = 10, g(−2) = g(2) = 4

continue...
√
have g(0) = 10, g(−2) = g(2) = 4
By comparing f (A) = −2.5 and −2, 4, 10 we conclude
minD f = −2.5, maxD f = 10

continue...
√
have g(0) = 10, g(−2) = g(2) = 4
By comparing f (A) = −2.5 and −2, 4, 10 we conclude
minD f = −2.5, maxD f = 10
Problems:
3,5,7,9,11, 14,16,18,20,22, 23,25,27, 28,33,
35,37,39,41,44

Chapter 12 MULTIPLE
INTEGRATION
1 Double Integration over Rectangle Regions
2 Double Integration over Non-Rectangle Regions
3 Double Integration in Polar Coordinates
4 Surface Area

Chapter 12 MULTIPLE
INTEGRATION
5 Triple Integrals
6 Mass, Moments
7 Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates

Definite Integration
Z b N
X
f (x) = lim f (x∗k )ξk
a ∆N →0
k=1

Z b N
X
f (x) = lim f (x∗k )ξk
a ∆N →0
k=1
It mean: Value of f (x)

when x densely get in [a, b]

12.1+12.2 Double Integration
ZZ
f (x, y)dxdy
D
N
X
= lim f (x∗k , yk∗ )Sk .
∆N →0
k=1

12.1+12.2 Double Integration
ZZ
f (x, y)dxdy
D
N
X
= lim f (x∗k , yk∗ )Sk .
∆N →0
k=1
It mean: Value of f (x, y)

when x densely get in
D ⊂ R2 . One can write dA
instead of dxdy.
Computation in Descartes
coordinate

a) Vertical type

a) Vertical type
If D : a ≤ x ≤ b, y1 (x) ≤ y ≤ y2 (x) then

ZZ Z "Z b y2 (x)
#
f (x, y)dA = f (x, y)dy dx
D a y1 (x)

a) Vertical type
If D : a ≤ x ≤ b, y1 (x) ≤ y ≤ y2 (x) then

ZZ Z "Z b y2 (x)
#
f (x, y)dA = f (x, y)dy dx
D a y1 (x)
We can write
ZZ Z b Z y2 (x)
f (x, y)dA = dx f (x, y)dy
D a y1 (x)

b) Horizontal type

b) Horizontal type
If D : c ≤ y ≤ d, x1 (y) ≤ x ≤ x2 (y) then

ZZ Z d Z x2 (y)
f (x, y)dA = dy f (x, y)dx
D c x1 (y)

Examples
ZZ
1 I= (2 − y)dA where the rectangle R’s
R
vertices is (-1,-2), (3,-2), (3,4), (-1,4)

Examples
ZZ
R
vertices is (-1,-2), (3,-2), (3,4), (-1,4)
Z 3 Z 4 Z 3
I= dx (2 − y)dy = 6dx = 24
−1 −2 −1

Examples
ZZ
R
vertices is (-1,-2), (3,-2), (3,4), (-1,4)
Z 3 Z 4 Z 3
I= dx (2 − y)dy = 6dx = 24
−1 −2 −1
ZZ
2 (x2 + 2y)dA, T is enclosed by the lines
T
y = 0, y = 2x, x = 1

Examples
ZZ
R
vertices is (-1,-2), (3,-2), (3,4), (-1,4)
Z 3 Z 4 Z 3
I= dx (2 − y)dy = 6dx = 24
−1 −2 −1
ZZ
2 (x2 + 2y)dA, T is enclosed by the lines
T
y = 0, y = 2x, x = 1
Z 1 Z 2x Z 1
(x2 +2y)dy =
2
x .2x + (2x)2 dx

I= dx
0 0 0
c) Properties:
Let a, b be constants:
ZZ ZZ ZZ

af + bg dA = a f dA + b gdA
D D D

c) Properties:
Let a, b be constants:
ZZ ZZ ZZ

af + bg dA = a f dA + b gdA
D D D
If D = D1 ∪ D2 and D1 ∩ D2 = ∅ then
ZZ ZZ ZZ
f (x, y)dA = f (x, y)dA + f (x, y)dA
D D1 D2

The area - volume
If V is bounded above by the surface
z = f (x, y), below by z = g(x, y) and the
orthogonal projection of V on Oxy is D, then
the volume of V :
ZZ

V = f (x, y) − g(x, y) dA
D

The area - volume
If V is bounded above by the surface
z = f (x, y), below by z = g(x, y) and the
orthogonal projection of V on Oxy is D, then
the volume of V :
ZZ

V = f (x, y) − g(x, y) dA
D
In the plane Oxy, the area of D:
ZZ
dA ≥ 0
D

Examples
Find the volume of the solid bounded above by surface
z = (x + 1)(y + 2) and below by the region D enclosed
by y = x2 − 2 and y = x. Compute by two integral
order.

Examples
order.
RR
V = D (x + 1)(y + 2)dA.

Examples
order.
RR
V = D (x + 1)(y + 2)dA.
Z 2 Z x
V = dx (x + 1)(y + 2)dy
−1 2
x −2
Z 2 Z x
= (x + 1) (y + 2)dy Vertical.
−1 x2 −2

Continue...
2
x2 − (x2 − 2)2
Z
V = (x + 1) + 2(x − x2 + 2) dx
−1 2

Continue...
2
x2 − (x2 − 2)2
Z
V = (x + 1) + 2(x − x2 + 2) dx
−1 2
√
Z −1 Z y+2
V = (y + 2)dy √
(x + 1)dx
−2 − y+2
Z 2 √
Z y+2
+ (y + 2)dy (x + 1)dx Horizontal.
−1 y

Examples:
Find the area of the region between y = cos x, y =

sin x over the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ π/4

Examples:
Find the area of the region between y = cos x, y =

sin x over the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ π/4
ZZ Z π/4 Z cos(x)
S= dA = dx dy
D 0 sin(x)
Z π/4
= (cos(x) − sin(x))dx
0

Examples:
Change the integral order of
Z 3 Z √4−y
I= dy f (x, y)dx
y
0 3

Examples:
Z 3 Z √4−y
I= dy f (x, y)dx
y
0 3
(y/3) ≤ x ≤ √4 − y

D:
0 ≤ y ≤ 3

Examples:
Z 3 Z √4−y
I= dy f (x, y)dx
y
0 3
(y/3) ≤ x ≤ √4 − y

D:
0 ≤ y ≤ 3
Z 1 Z 3x Z 2 Z 4−x2
I= dx f.dy + dx f.dy
0 0 1 0

Problems
Problems:
4,6,8,10,11,14,15,17,20,21, 23,25,26,27, 30, 31, 33, 36,
37, 39, 41,44,47,49,52

12.3 Polar Coordinates
Change of Variables
x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ,
r ≥ 0, θ ∈ [α, α + 2π)
p
r = x2 + y 2 , θ = tan−1 (y/x), (x 6= 0).

12.3 Polar Coordinates
h1 (θ) ≤ r ≤ h2 (θ); α ≤ θ ≤ β

Theorem
D : 0 ≤ h1 (θ) ≤ r ≤ h2 (θ), α ≤ θ ≤ β, 0 ≤ β − α ≤ 2π
ZZ Z β Z h2 (θ)
⇒ f (x, y)dA = dθ f (r cos θ, r sin θ)rdr
D α h1 (θ)

Theorem
D : 0 ≤ h1 (θ) ≤ r ≤ h2 (θ), α ≤ θ ≤ β, 0 ≤ β − α ≤ 2π
ZZ Z β Z h2 (θ)
⇒ f (x, y)dA = dθ f (r cos θ, r sin θ)rdr
D α h1 (θ)
We use this method when D is bounded by a circle

centered at O.

Examples
RR 2
1 I= D (x + y 2 − 1)dA, where D : x2 + y 2 ≤ 5

Examples
RR 2
1 I= D (x + y 2 − 1)dA, where D : x2 + y 2 ≤ 5

Examples
RR 2
1 I= D (x + y 2 − 1)dA, where D : x2 + y 2 ≤ 5
√
Z 2π Z 5
25 5
I= dθ r(r2 − 1)dr = 2π −
0 0 4 2
2 Find the area of intersection region of

x2 + y 2 ≤ 4 andx2 + y 2 ≤ 4x.

Examples
RR
2 S=2 T dA.

Examples
RR
2 S=2 T dA.
"Z #
π/3 Z 2 Z π/2 Z 4 cos θ
I=2 dθ rdr + dθ rdr
0 0 π/3 0
" #
Z π/2 2
2π (4 cos θ)
=2 + dθ
3 π/3 2

Surface examples
Plane ax + by + cz + d = 0. Horizontal plane

z = z0

Surface examples

z = z0
Paraboloid z = z0 ± (x2 + y 2 )

Surface examples

z = z0
p
Cone z = z0 ± x2 + y 2

Surface examples

z = z0
p
Cone z = z0 ± x2 + y 2
Cylinder f (x, y) = 0

Examples
3 Find the Volume of
n p o
2 2 2 2
V = (x, y, z)|x + y ≤ z ≤ 6 − x + y

Examples
n p o
2 2 2 2
V = (x, y, z)|x + y ≤ z ≤ 6 − x + y
ZZ p ZZ
V = (6 − x2 + y 2 )dA − (x2 + y 2 )dA
D D
Z 2π Z 2
= dθ r(6 − r − r2 )dr
0 0

Examples
n p o
2 2 2 2
V = (x, y, z)|x + y ≤ z ≤ 6 − x + y
ZZ p ZZ
V = (6 − x2 + y 2 )dA − (x2 + y 2 )dA
D D
Z 2π Z 2
= dθ r(6 − r − r2 )dr
0 0
Problems:
1,3,6,8,11,13,16, 18,19,21,25,26,28,29, 34, 36, 38, 39,
12.5 Triple Integrals
V ⊂ R3
f (x, y, z) is continue on V
Definition: The value of f when (x, y, z) densely get in

V is:
ZZZ
f (x, y, z)dV, where dV = dxdydz
V

Computation in Descartes
coordinate
Theorem 12.6 If V is bounded above by z = v(x, y),
below by z = u(x, y) and D is orthogonal projection
of V on Oxy, then:

u(x, y) ≤ z ≤ v(x, y)
V =
(x, y) ∈ D
and
ZZZ Z Z "Z v(x,y)
#
f (x, y, z)dV = Calculus III
Phạm Văn Hiển
f (x, y, z)dz dA
86 / 178
Examples
ZZZ
1 I= xdV where V is the solid in the first
V
octant bounded by the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 4 and
the plane 2y + z = 4

Examples
ZZZ
1 I= xdV where V is the solid in the first
V
octant bounded by the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 4 and
the plane 2y + z = 4
ZZ Z 4−2y ZZ
I= dA xdz = x(4 − 2y)dA
D 0 D
Z π/2 Z 2
= dθ r2 cos θ(4 − 2r sin θ)dr
0 0
Z π/2 Z 2 Z π/2 Z 2
2
= cos θdθ 4r dr − sin θ cos θdθ 2r3 dr
0 0 0 0
Properties
If a, b are constants:
ZZZ ZZZ ZZZ

af + bg dV = a f dV + b gdV
V V V

Properties
If a, b are constants:
ZZZ ZZZ ZZZ

af + bg dV = a f dV + b gdV
V V V
RRR
The volume of V is V dV

Examples
The volume of the solid that is bounded above by the

sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 and below by the plane z = −2

Examples
The volume of the solid that is bounded above by the

sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 and below by the plane z = −2
ZZ
4π 3 p
V = Vcầu −W = .3 − −2−(− 9 − x2 − y 2 ) dA
3 D

Continue...
√
Z 2π Z 5 p
V = 36π − dθ ( 9 − r2 − 2)rdr
0 0

Continue...
√
Z 2π Z 5 p
V = 36π − dθ ( 9 − r2 − 2)rdr
0 0
Z 3
V = 36π − 2π (u − 2)udu
2

Continue...
√
Z 2π Z 5 p
V = 36π − dθ ( 9 − r2 − 2)rdr
0 0
Z 3
V = 36π − 2π (u − 2)udu
2
Problems: 4,6,8,10,12,14,15,17,20,23,26,27, 30, 31, 37,

39, 41, 44, 46, 47

Cylindrical Coordinates




x = r cos θ


y = r sin θ



z=z


r = px2 + y 2





x = r cos θ


y = r sin θ



z=z


r = px2 + y 2

It looks like the plane Oxy → polar and the axis Oz

not changed.




 (below ≤ z ≤ above) : u(r, θ) ≤ z ≤ v(r, θ),
 
V = h1 (θ) ≤ r ≤ h2 (θ)


 Proj. on Oxy : Drθ =
 α ≤ θ ≤ β
ZZZ
⇒ f (x, y, z)dV
V
Z β Z h2 (θ) Z v(r,θ)
= dθ rdr f (r cos θ, r sin θ, z)dz
α h1 (θ) u(r,θ)

Examples
RRR
Compute V (x
+ y + z)dV where V is
1
p
bounded by the semi-sphere z = − 8 − x2 − y 2
p
and the cone z = 1 − x2 + y 2

Examples
RRR
Compute V (x
+ y + z)dV where V is
1
p
bounded by the semi-sphere z = − 8 − x2 − y 2
p
and the cone z = 1 − x2 + y 2
 p


above: z = 1 − x2 + y 2 = 1 − r
below: z = − 8 − x2 − y 2 = −√8 − r2

 p

V :


proj. on Oxy : x2 + y 2 ≤ 2.442
( because of solving 1 − t = −√8 − t2 )




Examples
Z 2π Z 2.44 Z 1−r
I= dθ rdr √ r(cos θ + sin θ) + z dz
0 0 − 8−r2

Examples
Z 2π Z 2.44 Z 1−r
I= dθ rdr √ r(cos θ + sin θ) + z dz
0 0 − 8−r2
2 The volume of the solid that bounded by the

p
cylinder x2 + y 2 = 2y, the cone z = x2 + y 2
and the xy − plane.

Spherical Coordinates




x = ρ sin φ cos θ


y = ρ sin φ sin θ



z = ρ cos φ


ρ = px2 + y 2 + z 2





x = ρ sin φ cos θ


y = ρ sin φ sin θ



z = ρ cos φ


ρ = px2 + y 2 + z 2

When V is bounded by a sphere centered at O then

we should change the integral into spherical coor.
1 θ ∈ [0; 2π] is horizontal angle

2 φ ∈ [0; π] is vertical angle

3 ρ ≥ 0 is radius.

3 ρ ≥ 0 is radius.
4 The sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ R2 :
θ : 0 → 2π, φ : 0 → π, ρ : 0 → R

If V : θ ∈ [θ1 ; θ2 ], φ ∈ [α; β] and ρ : ρ1 → ρ2 then

If V : θ ∈ [θ1 ; θ2 ], φ ∈ [α; β] and ρ : ρ1 → ρ2 then

ZZZ
f (x, y, z)dV =
V
Z θ 2 Z β Z ρ2
dθ dφ f (...)ρ2 sin φdρ
θ1 α ρ1

Example
Let D be a region defined by:
p p
D = {(x, y, z) : x2 + y 2 ≤ z ≤ 25 − x2 − y 2 }
RRR 2
Compute I = D (x + y 2 + 2z)dV

Example
p p
D = {(x, y, z) : x2 + y 2 ≤ z ≤ 25 − x2 − y 2 }
RRR 2
D : θ ∈ [0; 2π], φ ∈ [0; π/4], ρ ∈ [0; 5]

Example
p p
D = {(x, y, z) : x2 + y 2 ≤ z ≤ 25 − x2 − y 2 }
RRR 2
D : θ ∈ [0; 2π], φ ∈ [0; π/4], ρ ∈ [0; 5]
Z 2π Z π/4 Z 5
ρ2 sin2 φ + 2ρ cos φ ρ2 dρ

I= dθ sin φdφ
0 0 0

Continue...
By using cylindrical coor. we have
ZZZ
(x2 + y 2 + 2z)dV
D √ √
Z 2π Z 12.5 Z 25−r2 2
= tθ rdr r + 2z dz
0 0 r

Continue...
By using cylindrical coor. we have
ZZZ
(x2 + y 2 + 2z)dV
D √ √
Z 2π Z 12.5 Z 25−r2 2
= tθ rdr r + 2z dz
0 0 r
Problems:
3,5,7,9,11, 14,16,18,20,22, 23,25,27,28, 30,33, 35,38,39,
40,41,44
Example
RRR
Transform V z 2 dV into Descartes, cylindrical and
spherical coor. where V is semi-sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤
1, z ≤ 0.

Example
RRR
1, z ≤ 0.
p
− 1 − x2 − y 2 ≤ z ≤ 0, (below ≤ z ≤ above)
Dxy : x2 + y 2 ≤ 1 (proj.on Oxy)

Example
RRR
1, z ≤ 0.
p
− 1 − x2 − y 2 ≤ z ≤ 0, (below ≤ z ≤ above)
Dxy : x2 + y 2 ≤ 1 (proj.on Oxy)
 √
− 1 − x2 ≤ y ≤ √1 − x2

0
Dxy : → polar coor.:
−1 ≤ x ≤ 1 0
Continue...
Descartes:
√
Z 1 Z 1−x2 Z 0
dx √ √ z 2 dz
−1 − 1−x2 − 1−x2 −y 2

Continue...
Descartes:
√
Z 1 Z 1−x2 Z 0
dx √ √ z 2 dz
−1 − 1−x2 − 1−x2 −y 2
Cylindrical
Z 2π Z 1 Z 0
dθ rdr √ z 2 dz
0 0 − 1−r2

Continue...
Spherical: θ ∈ [0; 2π], φ ∈ [π/2; π], ρ ∈ [0; 1]

Continue...
Spherical: θ ∈ [0; 2π], φ ∈ [π/2; π], ρ ∈ [0; 1]

Z 2π Z π Z 1
dθ dφ ρ4 sin φ cos2 φdρ.
0 π/2 0

12.8 Change variables
Double Integral Set:

x = g(u, v) ∂x ∂x
And J = ∂u ∂v
6= 0

y = h(u, v) ∂y ∂y
∂u ∂v
Then
ZZ ZZ
f (x, y)dxdy = f (g(u, v), h(u, v))|J|dudv
D D∗
J is called the Jacobian

Examples
1
ZZ 4
x−y
Tính dA
D x+y
where D is triangle bounded by x + y = 1 and
the coordinate axes.

Examples
1
ZZ 4
x−y
Tính dA
D x+y
where D is triangle bounded by x + y = 1 and
the coordinate axes.
Set u = x + y, v = x − y then

x = (u + v)/2 1/2 1/2 −1
⇒J = =

y = (u − v)/2 1/2 −1/2 2

Continue...
D∗ is bounded by u = 1, u + v = 0 and u − v = 0

Continue...
ZZ 4 Z 1 Z u 4 Z 1 5
x−y v 1 2u du
dA = du 4
dv = 4
D x+y 0 −u u 2 0 10u

Continue...
ZZ 4 Z 1 Z u 4 Z 1 5
x−y v 1 2u du
dA = du 4
dv = 4
D x+y 0 −u u 2 0 10u
2
ZZ
Tính y 2 dA
D
where D is elipse:
x2 y 2
+ ≤ 1, (a; b > 0)
a2 b 2
Continue...
x2 y 2
D: + ≤1
a2 b 2
Set x = ar cos θ, y = br sin θ then:

Continue...
x2 y 2
D: + ≤1
a2 b 2
D∗ : 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π; 0 ≤ r ≤ 1; |J| = abr

Continue...
x2 y 2
D: + ≤1
a2 b 2
D∗ : 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π; 0 ≤ r ≤ 1; |J| = abr
ZZ Z 2π Z 1
2
y dA = dθ abr3 sin2 θdr
D 0 0

Review chapter 12
1 D is bounded by y = x − 5 và y = 1 − x2 ,
compute ZZ
(1 + 4xy)dA
D

Review chapter 12
1 D is bounded by y = x − 5 và y = 1 − x2 ,
compute ZZ
(1 + 4xy)dA
D
2 Change the order:

Z 1Z 3y+2
I= f (x, y)dxdy
−2 y 2 +4y

Review chapter 12
3 Use polar coor. to find

Z 3 Z √9−x2
J= x2 dydx
0 0

Review chapter 12
3 Use polar coor. to find

Z 3 Z √9−x2
J= x2 dydx
0 0
4 Find the area of the part of plane z = x2 + y 2

which is bounded by cylinder x2 + y 2 = 2

Review chapter 12
5 Find the volume of region which is bounded
p
above by z = 2 − x2 + y 2 , below by
z = x2 + y 2 .

Review chapter 12
5 Find the volume of region which is bounded
p
above by z = 2 − x2 + y 2 , below by
z = x2 + y 2 .
RRR
Write V f (x, y, z)dV in cylindrical, spherical
6
coor. where
n p o
2 2
V = (x, y, z) : x + y ≤ z ≤ 2

Chapter 13 VECTOR ANALYSIS
1 Introduction to Vector Functions
2 Differentiation and Integration of Vector

Functions
3 Unit Tangent, Principal Unit Normal; Curvature
4 Properties of a Vector Field: Div and Curl

Chapter 13 VECTOR ANALYSIS
1 Line Integral
2 The Fundamental Theorem
3 Green’s Theorem
4 Surface Integrals
5 Divergence Theorem and Application

10.1 Introduction to Vector
Functions
in case of R2
R(t) = x(t)i + y(t)j = hx(t); y(t)i
(i = h1; 0i, j = h0; 1i)

10.1 Introduction to Vector
Functions
in case of R2
R(t) = x(t)i + y(t)j = hx(t); y(t)i
(i = h1; 0i, j = h0; 1i)
in case of R3
R(t) = x(t)i + y(t)j + z(t)k = hx(t); y(t); z(t)i
(i = h1; 0; 0i, j = h0; 1; 0i, k = h0; 0; 1i)
Ex
Let G(t) = 2ti − 5j + t2 k and G(t) = (1 − t)i + 1t k.

Find
a) F(t) × G(t)
b) F(t) · tG(t)

Graph
The graph of R(t) = hx(t); y(t); z(t)i has parameter
equation: x = x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t)

Graph
equation: x = x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t)Examples
1 R(t) = (3 − t)i + 2tj

Graph
1 R(t) = (3 − t)i + 2tj
2 G(t) = (sin t)i − (cos t)j + (3t)k.

Graph
1 R(t) = (3 − t)i + 2tj
2 G(t) = (sin t)i − (cos t)j + (3t)k.

Graph
1 R(t) = (3 − t)i + 2tj
2 G(t) = (sin t)i − (cos t)j + (3t)k.

Differentiation
Derivative
∆F F(t + ∆) − F(t)
F0 (t) = lim = lim
∆→0 ∆ ∆→0 ∆

Differentiation
Derivative
∆F F(t + ∆) − F(t)
F0 (t) = lim = lim
∆→0 ∆ ∆→0 ∆
Computation
F(t) = x(t)i + y(t)j + z(t)k

⇒ F0 (t) = x0 (t)i + y 0 (t)j + z 0 (t)k

Differentiation
Geometry
F0 (t0 ) is a tangent vector to the graph of F(t) at t0
and points in the direction determined by increasing
t.

Differentiation
Geometry
F0 (t0 ) is a tangent vector to the graph of F(t) at t0
and points in the direction determined by increasing
t.
Theorem 10.3 Rules for differantiating vector functions

Vector motion

Vector motion
Position vector R(t)
Example
Find Velocity and Acceleration vectors:
R(t) = cos(t)i + sin(t)j + t3 k
Vector motion
dR
Velocity vector V = dt
Example
Vector motion
dR
Speed kVk
Example
Vector motion
dR
Speed kVk
dV d2 R
Acceleration vector A = dt = dt2
Example
Vector integrals
Z Z Z Z
F(t)dt = x(t)dt i + y(t)dt j + z(t)dt k
Z b Z b Z b Z b
F(t)dt = x(t)dt i + y(t)dt j + z(t)dt
a a a a

Example:
The velocity of a particle moving in space is:
V(t) = et i + t2 j + (cos 2t)k
Find the particle’s position as a function of t if the

position at time t=0 is R(0) = h2; 1; −1i

Example:

t3
Z
t sin 2t
R(t) = V(t)dt = e i + j + k + ~c
3 2

Example:

t3
Z
t sin 2t
R(t) = V(t)dt = e i + j + k + ~c
3 2
From R(0), we see that ~c = h1; 1; −1i.
Unit Tangent, Principal Unit
Normal

Normal
Unit Tangent
R0 (t)
T(t) =
kR0 (t)k

Normal
Unit Tangent
R0 (t)
T(t) =
kR0 (t)k
Principal unit Normal
T0 (t)
N(t) =
kT0 (t)k

Example
Example
R(t) = h3 sin t; 4t; 3 cos ti

Example
Example
1
T(t) = h3 cos t; 4; −3 sin ti
5

Example
Example
1
T(t) = h3 cos t; 4; −3 sin ti
5
1
N(t) = h−3 sin t; 0; −3 cos ti
3
Arc length

Arc length
The length of graph of R(t) = hx(t), y(t), z(t)i from

t = t0 to t = t1 is
s
Z t1 2 2 2
dx dy dz
s= + + dt
t0 dt dt dt

Example
Find speed at time t and the distance between t=0 and
√
t=1 of moving R(t) = het ; 2t + 3; e−t i

Example
√
Speed: kVk = kR’(t)k

Example
√
Speed: kVk = kR’(t)k
p
kVk = e2t + 2 + e−2t = et + e−t
The length of moving from t = 0 to t = 1

Z 1p
s= e2u + 2 + e−2u du = e − e−1
0

Curvature

Curvature
The Curvature is defined by

dT
κ=
ds
1
And r = κ is called curvature radius.

Computation
kR’ × R”k
κ= 3
(In R3 )
kR’k
|x0 y 00 − x00 y 0 |
κ= 0 2 0 2 3/2
(In R3 )
[(x ) + (y ) ]
|f 00 (x)|
κ=
[1 + (f 0 (x))2 ]3/2
(If the arc has equation y = f (x))
Example:
Find the curvature of a circle with radius a > 0
R(t) = ha cos t; a sin ti

Example:
Find the curvature of a circle with radius a > 0
R(t) = ha cos t; a sin ti
|x0 y 00 − x00 y 0 |
κ=
[(x0 )2 + (y 0 )2 ]3/2
|a2 sin2 t + a2 cos2 t| 1
= 2 2 =
[a sin t + a2 cos2 t]3/2 a

13.1 Vector Field
A vector field: in R3 :
F(x, y, z) = u(x, y, z)i + v(x, y, z)j + w(x, y, z)k
u, v, w are called the components of F

Example
Graph of vector field in R2
F = yi − xj

Div and Curl
V(x, y, z) = u(x, y, z)i + v(x, y, z)j + w(x, y, z)k

then
∂u ∂v ∂w
divV = (x, y, z) + (x, y, z) + (x, y, z)
∂x ∂y ∂z

Div and Curl

then
∂u ∂v ∂w
divV = (x, y, z) + (x, y, z) + (x, y, z)
∂x ∂y ∂z

∂w ∂v ∂u ∂w ∂v ∂u
curlV = − i+ − j+ − k
∂y ∂z ∂z ∂x ∂x ∂y

Div and Curl

then
∂u ∂v ∂w
divV = (x, y, z) + (x, y, z) + (x, y, z)
∂x ∂y ∂z

∂w ∂v ∂u ∂w ∂v ∂u
curlV = − i+ − j+ − k
∂y ∂z ∂z ∂x ∂x ∂y
In case of R2 we consider that u = u(x, y), w = 0

Example
F(x, y, z) = x2 yzi + y 3 z 2 j + xz 3 k

Example
F(x, y, z) = x2 yzi + y 3 z 2 j + xz 3 k
divF = 2xyz + 3y 2 z 2 + 3xz 2

CurlF = 0 − 2y 3 z i + x2 y − z 3 j + 0 − x2 z k.


Example
F(x, y, z) = x2 yzi + y 3 z 2 j + xz 3 k
divF = 2xyz + 3y 2 z 2 + 3xz 2

CurlF = 0 − 2y 3 z i + x2 y − z 3 j + 0 − x2 z k.

Problems 13.1
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 17 19 20 21 23 26 28 30 31 33 35 37
38Phạm
48 50
Văn Hiển Calculus III 134 / 178
13.2 Line Integrals
A) Line Integrals of a function (Type 1)
Definition: If f (x, y, z) is continue on the line C ⊂ R3

then
Z N
X
f (x, y, z)ds = lim f (x∗k , yk∗ )∆lk
C ξN →0
k=1

Properties (a,b=const)
Z Z Z

af (...)+bg(...) ds = a f (...)ds+b g(...)ds
C C C

Z Z Z

af (...)+bg(...) ds = a f (...)ds+b g(...)ds
C C C
If C ∩ L = ∅ then
Z Z Z
f ds = f ds + f ds
C∪L C L

Z Z Z

af (...)+bg(...) ds = a f (...)ds+b g(...)ds
C C C
If C ∩ L = ∅ then
Z Z Z
f ds = f ds + f ds
C∪L C L
R
The length of C is valued by C ds.

Computation
If C : R(t) = x(t)i + y(t)j + z(t)k, t ∈ [a, b] then

Computation
If C : R(t) = x(t)i + y(t)j + z(t)k, t ∈ [a, b] then

Z
f (x, y, z)ds =
C
Z b p
f (x(t), y(t), z(t)) [x0 (t)]2 + [y 0 (t)]2 + [z 0 (t)]2 dt
a

Computation
If C : y = y(x), x ∈ [a, b] then

Z Z b p
f (x, y)ds = f (x, y(x)) 1 + [y 0 (x)]2 dx
C a

Computation
If C : y = y(x), x ∈ [a, b] then

Z Z b p
f (x, y)ds = f (x, y(x)) 1 + [y 0 (x)]2 dx
C a
If C: x = x(y), y ∈ [a, b] then

Z Z b p
f (x, y)ds = f (x(y), y) 1 + [x0 (y)]2 dy
C a

Note
The endpoints a ≤ b
If u2 + v 2 = 1 then u = cos(t), v = sin(t)

Examples
1 C consists of the line segment C1 from (−3, 3) to
(0, 0), followed by C2 : 16y = x4 between (0, 0)
R
and (2, 1). Evaluate C xyds.

Examples
R
C1 : y = −x, x ∈ [−3; 0]. So

Examples
R
C1 : y = −x, x ∈ [−3; 0]. So

Z Z 0 p
xyds = x.(−x) 1 + (−1)2 dx
C −3
s 3 2
Z 2 4
x x
+ x. 1+ dx.
0 16 4
Examples
2 Find the perimeter of x2 + 5y 2 = 25.

Examples


x = 5 cos t
2 2
E : x + 5y = 25 ⇔ ; t ∈ [0; 2π]
y = √5 sin t

Examples


x = 5 cos t
2 2
E : x + 5y = 25 ⇔ ; t ∈ [0; 2π]
y = √5 sin t
So the perimeter of E is:
Z Z 2π q √
ds = (−5 sin t)2 + ( 5 cos t)2 dt.
E 0

(B) Line Integrals of a vector field (Type 2)
Suppose that F(M ) = hu(M ), v(M ), w(M )i is conti-

nuous on M ∈ C, then
Z Z
F · dR = (udx + vdy + wdz)
C C

(B) Line Integrals of a vector field (Type 2)
Suppose that F(M ) = hu(M ), v(M ), w(M )i is conti-

nuous on M ∈ C, then
Z Z
F · dR = (udx + vdy + wdz)
C C
If C : R(t) = x(t)i + y(t)j + z(t)k, t : t1 → t2 then

Z
(udx + vdy + wdz)
C
Z t2 h i
0 0 0
= u[x(t), y(t), z(t)]x (t) + v[...]y (t) + w[...]z (t) dt
t1

Note
The endpoints t1 , t2 are defined by C 0 s direction.
In R2 , if C : y = y(x) then
Z Z x2
u(...) + v(...)y 0 (x) dx

(udx + vdy) =
C x1

Examples
1 Let C be the top half of the circle x2 + y 2 = 4
R
and F = (x + y)i + (1 − y)j. Evaluate C F · dR
R
(hay C (x + y)dx + (1 − y)dy)

Examples
R
R
(hay C (x + y)dx + (1 − y)dy)
C : x = 2 cos t; y = 2 sin t; t ∈ [0; π]

Examples
R
R
(hay C (x + y)dx + (1 − y)dy)
C : x = 2 cos t; y = 2 sin t; t ∈ [0; π]

Z Z π

F · dR = (2 cos t + 2 sin t)(−2 sin t)
C 0

+ (1 − 2 sin t)(2 cos t) dt.

Examples
H
2 Compute C xydx + (x + y)dy where C is the
borderline of the region bounded by y = 2x and
H
y = x2 with counterclockwise. (The notation C
is used when C is closed curve)

Examples
H
2 Compute C xydx + (x + y)dy where C is the
borderline of the region bounded by y = 2x and
H
y = x2 with counterclockwise. (The notation C
is used when C is closed curve)
C consists of C1 : y = x2 , x : 0 → 2
and C2 : y = 2x, x : 2 → 0

Examples
C consists of C1 : y = x2 , x : 0 → 2
and C2 : y = 2x, x : 2 → 0
I Z 2
2
x.x + (x + x2 )(2x) dx

xydx + (x + y)dy =
C
Z 00

+ x.2x + (x + 2x)(2) dx
2

Applications
If C : shape of the wire, and f (x, y, z) : density at
P (x, y, z) on the wire then the mass:
Z
m= f (x, y, z)ds
C

Applications
If C : shape of the wire, and f (x, y, z) : density at
P (x, y, z) on the wire then the mass:
Z
m= f (x, y, z)ds
C
Center of mass: point (x, y, z) where

Z Z Z
1 1 1
x= xf (...)ds, y = yf (...)ds, z = zf (...)
m C m C m C

Applications
The work of F making a particle moved along C is

valued by
Z
W = F · dR
C

Applications
Ex F = hy 2 ; 2(x + 1)yi. The object move from (2, 0)

counterclockwise along path x2 + 4y 2 = 4 to (0, 1) then
back to (2, 0) along the line. Evaluate the work

Applications
Ex F = hy 2 ; 2(x + 1)yi. The object move from (2, 0)

counterclockwise along path x2 + 4y 2 = 4 to (0, 1) then
back to (2, 0) along the line. Evaluate the work
Problems:
4 6 8 10 11 14 15 17 20 21 23 25 26 27 30 31 33 36 37
39 41 44 47 49 50

13.3 Conservative field
F = hu, v, wi is said to be conservative field if there

exists f (x, y, z) such that F = ∇f . It mean
u = fx , v = fy , w = fz .

13.3 Conservative field
F = hu, v, wi is said to be conservative field if there

exists f (x, y, z) such that F = ∇f . It mean
u = fx , v = fy , w = fz .
We call f be scalar potential F. It is similar for the

case of R2

Theorem
F is conservative if and only if
vx = uy in case of F(x, y) = hu, vi.

Theorem
F is conservative if and only if
vx = uy in case of F(x, y) = hu, vi.
curlF = 0 in case of F(x, y, z) = hu, v, wi.

Examples
Consider
F = (3z 2 + y cos x − 1)i + (sin x)j + m(xz + z 2 )k
Find the number m such that F is conservative. Then

find a scalar potential of F.

Examples
Consider
F = (3z 2 + y cos x − 1)i + (sin x)j + m(xz + z 2 )k
Find the number m such that F is conservative. Then

find a scalar potential of F.
CurlF = 0i + (6z − mz)j + (cos x − cos x)k
so F is conservative if ⇔ m = 6
Examples
We next find f (x, y, z) such that
fx = 3z 2 + y cos x − 1,
fy = sin x
fz = 6(xz + z 2 )

Examples
fx = 3z 2 + y cos x − 1,
fy = sin x
fz = 6(xz + z 2 )
⇒ f (x, y, z) = 3xz 2 + y sin x − x

Examples
fx = 3z 2 + y cos x − 1,
fy = sin x
fz = 6(xz + z 2 )
⇒ f (x, y, z) = 3xz 2 + y sin x − x+2z 3

Theorem
If F is conservative with a scalar potential f then

Z
F · dR = f (Q) − f (P )
C
where P and Q are respectively the starting and ending

point of C
R
Then, we said that C F · dR is independent of path.

Examples
Compute
Z
x−y 4y
dx + 4 ln(x) − ex−y dy,

e + sin(x) +
C x
where C : x = 1 + sin2 (πt), y = ln(t2 + 3t + 1), t : 0 →
1.

Examples
Compute
Z
x−y 4y
dx + 4 ln(x) − ex−y dy,

e + sin(x) +
C x
where C : x = 1 + sin2 (πt), y = ln(t2 + 3t + 1), t : 0 →
1.
Since
4
uy = −ex−y + = vx
x
then F = hu; vi = h(ex−y +sin(x)+ 4y
x ); (4 ln(x)−e
x−y
)i
is conservative
Continue...
4y
F = hu; vi = h(ex−y + sin(x) + x ); (4 ln(x) − ex−y )i is
conservative with a scalar potential f (x, y, z) = ex−y −
cos x + 4y ln(x)

Continue...
4y
cos x + 4y ln(x)
C : x = 1 + sin2 (πt), y = ln(t2 + 3t + 1), t : 0 → 1
so the starting point (t = 0) is P (1; 0) and the ending
point is Q(1; ln 5)

Continue...
4y
cos x + 4y ln(x)
C : x = 1 + sin2 (πt), y = ln(t2 + 3t + 1), t : 0 → 1
so the starting point (t = 0) is P (1; 0) and the ending
point is Q(1; ln 5)
Hence,
Z
4y
(ex−y + sin(x) + )dx + (4 ln(x) − ex−y )dy
C x
1−ln 5 1
= f (Q) − f (P ) = eCalculus
Phạm Văn Hiển −
III e 156 / 178
Ex
Problems:
3 5 7 9 13 15 19 21 23 26 28 30 32 35 37 40 42 44 46
50 52

13.4 Green’s theorem
Let D be a simple connected region is bounded by a

positively oriented (counterclockwise) smooth curve C
then I ZZ
(udx + vdy) = (vx − uy ) dA
C D

Ex
C : consists of parabol y = x2 from (0, 0) to (1, 1) and
R
the line from (1, 1) to (0, 0). Find I = C F · dR where
F = x(1 + y 2 )i + 2(x2 y − y 2 sin y)j

Ex
R
F = x(1 + y 2 )i + 2(x2 y − y 2 sin y)j
Z ZZ
2 2 2
x(1+y )dx+2(x y−y sin y)dy = (4xy−2xy)dA
C D
where D:

Ex
R
F = x(1 + y 2 )i + 2(x2 y − y 2 sin y)j
Z ZZ
2 2 2
x(1+y )dx+2(x y−y sin y)dy = (4xy−2xy)dA
C D
where D:
x2 ≤ y ≤ x; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
Ex
x2 ≤ y ≤ x; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
Z 1 Z x Z 1
I= dx 2xydy = x(x2 − x4 )dx
0 x2 0

Ex
x2 ≤ y ≤ x; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
Z 1 Z x Z 1
I= dx 2xydy = x(x2 − x4 )dx
0 x2 0
Problems:
3 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20-26 28 30 31 33 35 36 37 38
43 44 - 46

13.5 Surface integral
Let S be a smooth surface and f (x, y, z) be continuous

on S, then
ZZ N
X
f (x, y, z)ds = lim f (x∗k , yk∗ , zk∗ )∆Sk
S k∆N k→0
k=1

ZZ ZZ ZZ
af (...) + bg(...)ds = a f (...)ds + b g(...)ds
S S S
The area of S is given by:

ZZ
ds
S

Computation
If S : z = z(x, y) and D is orthogonal projection of S
on Oxy then
ZZ ZZ q
f (x, y, z)ds = f (x, y, z(x, y)) 1 + [zx ]2 + [zy ]2 dA
S D

Computation
If S : z = z(x, y) and D is orthogonal projection of S
on Oxy then
ZZ ZZ q
f (x, y, z)ds = f (x, y, z(x, y)) 1 + [zx ]2 + [zy ]2 dA
S D
Ex RR
Find S zds where S is semisphere
p
z = R2 − x2 − y 2

Ex
−x −y
zx = p , zy = p
R 2 − x2 − y 2 R2 − x2 − y 2

Ex
−x −y
zx = p , zy = p
R 2 − x2 − y 2 R2 − x2 − y 2
The orthogonal projection of S on Oxy is x2 +y 2 ≤ R2 .

Ex
−x −y
zx = p , zy = p
R 2 − x2 − y 2 R2 − x2 − y 2
The orthogonal projection of S on Oxy is x2 +y 2 ≤ R2 .
s
x2 + y 2
ZZ ZZ p
zds = R2 − x2 − y 2 1 + 2 2 − y2
dA
S D R − x
Z 2π Z R p
2 2 2
R3
= dθ R − r + r rdr = 2π
0 0 2

Surface Area
The portion of the surface z = f (x, y), (x, y) ∈ D has

area:
ZZ q
2 2
S= 1 + fx (x, y) + fy (x, y) dA
D

Ex
The area of the part of the paraboloid x2 + y 2 + z = 7

that lies above the plane z = 1

Ex
The area of the part of the paraboloid x2 + y 2 + z = 7

that lies above the plane z = 1
ZZ p
S= 1 + (−2x)2 + (−2y)2 dA
D √
Z 2π Z 6 p
= dθ r 1 + 4r2 dr
0 0

Center of mass
ρ(x, y, z) is specific weight at (x, y, z) ∈ S then
The mass of S:
ZZ
m= ρ(...)ds
S
Center of mass: (x, y, z):

ZZ ZZ
1 1
x= xρ(...)ds, y = yρ(...)ds,
m S m Z ZS
1
z= zρ(...)ds
m S
13.6 Flux

Mobius surface

13.6 Flux

13.6 Flux
The surface S is said to be oriented if the direction of

unit normal vector field N on S is defined. Then the
flux of F across S is given by
ZZ
F · Nds
S

13.6 Flux
The surface S is said to be oriented if the direction of

unit normal vector field N on S is defined. Then the
flux of F across S is given by
ZZ
F · Nds
S
Note: If the direction of N is changed then the flux is

opposite.

Computation (S not closed)
Suppose thet S : z = z(x, y) and D is orthogonal pro-
jection of S on Oxy.
(If N upward)
ZZ ZZ
F · Nds = F · h−zx , −zy , 1idA
S D
(If N downward)
ZZ ZZ
F · Nds = F · hzx , zy , −1idA
S D
where z = z(x, y) in F.
Example
Consider T (x, y, z) = 2x + y 2 − 3z 2 and H = ∇T . Find

the flux of H across below the paraboloit z = 9−x2 −y 2
which over the plane Oxy.

Example

H = h2; 2y; −6zi and hzx ; zy ; −1i = h−2x; −2y; −1i.

Example

H · hzx ; zy ; −1i = −4x − 4y 2 + 6z.

Example

H · hzx ; zy ; −1i = −4x − 4y 2 + 6z.
The projection Dxy : x2 + y 2 ≤ 9.

Example
ZZ ZZ
− 4x − 4y 2 + 6(9 − x2 − y 2 dA

F · Nds =
S Dxy
Z 2π Z 3
= dθ (−4r cos θ − 4r2 sin2 θ + 54 − 6r2 )rdr
0 0

Computation (S closed)
Divergence Theorem
S be smooth surface that encloses V in R3 and
oriented by N which is outward. Then
ZZ ZZZ
F · Nds = divFdV
S V

Example
1 The flux of F = x2 i + xyj − yzk outwardly
across the pyramid bounded by the coordinate
planes and the plane x + y + z = 1.

Example
RR RRR
S F · Nds = V (2x + x − y)dV .

Example
RR RRR
S F · Nds = V (2x + x − y)dV .
S encloses V which is bounded below by z = 0, over
by z = 1 − x − y

Example
RR RRR
S F · Nds = V (2x + x − y)dV .
S encloses V which is bounded below by z = 0, over
by z = 1 − x − y.
The profection of V on Oxy is Dxy : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1; 0 ≤
y ≤1−x
Example
ZZ Z 1 Z 1−x Z 1−x−y
F · Nds = dx dy (3x − y)dz
S 0 0 0
Z 1 Z 1−x
= dx (3x − y)(1 − x − y)dy
0 0

Example
2 The flux of F = hxy, 1, −z 2 i outwardly across

p
the semisphere z = 5 − x2 − y 2 .

Example
2 The flux of F = hxy, 1, −z 2 i outwardly across

p
the semisphere z = 5 − x2 − y 2 .
Problems:
23-42

Calculus III

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BÀI GIẢNG

Phạm Văn Hiển - hienpv@hcmute.edu.vn - 0908248238

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 1 / 178

(A) ninth week (chapter 11+12) + twelfth week

(B) 4 multichoice tests online on LMS

= [4(A1 + A2 ) + (B1 + B2 + B3 + B4 )]/12

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 2 / 178

Book (Eng, Vie), lessons, syllabus, ...

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 3 / 178

Chapter 10 is combined with chapter 13 (After

Contact teacher via email

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 4 / 178

CHAPTER 11 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION

CHAPTER 12 MULTIPLE INTEGRATION

CHAPTER 13 VECTOR ANALYSIS

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 5 / 178

2 Limits and Continuity

4 Tangent Plane, Approximations and

6 Directional Derivatives and the Gradient

7 Extrema of Functions of two variables

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 7 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 8 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 8 / 178

Assigns to each pair (point) (x, y) in domain a unique

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 9 / 178

Assigns to each pair (point) (x, y) in domain a unique

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 9 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 10 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 11 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 12 / 178

Ex: f (x, y, z) = (x + 2y)ez−y + ln(xy)

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 12 / 178

Ex: f (x, y, z) = (x + 2y)ez−y + ln(xy)

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 12 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 13 / 178

⇔ For all sequence (xn , yn ) → (x0 , y0 ) then the se-

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 14 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 15 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 15 / 178

If the limit exist then

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 15 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 16 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 16 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 16 / 178

The function z = f (x, y) is continuous at M (x0 , y0 ) if

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 17 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 18 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 18 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 19 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 20 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 20 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 20 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 21 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 21 / 178

fx (x0 , y0 ) is the rate of change of f with respect to x

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 22 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 23 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 24 / 178

The line parallel to the x-z plane and tangent to the

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 25 / 178

Phạm Văn Hiển Calculus III 26 / 178

If fxy and fyx are continuous in an open disk containing

fxy (x0 , y0 ) = fyx (x0 , y0 )