APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY IN

ELECTRICAL AUTOMATION

BY

OLANIRAN, OLUWATOBIFUNMI PHILIP

2017/1/68372EE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA

NOVEMBER, 2021
 APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY IN

ELECTRICAL AUTOMATION

BY

OLANIRAN, OLUWATOBIFUNMI PHILIP

2017/1/68372EE

A TERM PAPER SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE EEE 418

NOVEMBER, 2021

i
 DECLARATION
I OLANIRAN OLUWATOBIFUNMI PHILIP with matriculation number 2017/1/68372EE

hereby declare that this term paper titled “Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology

in Electrical Automation” is a collection of my original research work and it has not been

presented for any other qualification anywhere. Information from other sources has been duly

acknowledged.

OLANIRAN, Oluwatobifunmi Philip _______________________

2017/1/68372EE SIGNATURE AND DATE

ii
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this Term Paper titled “Application of Artificial Intelligence

Technology in Electrical Automation” was researched and compiled by myself,

OLANIRAN, Oluwatobifunmi Philip with Matriculation Number; 2017/1/68372EE of the

department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in partial fulfilment for the course

EEE418 (Engineering Communications and Research Methods) in Federal University of

Technology Minna.

Engr. Prof. M.N. Nwohu _______________________

Supervisor SIGNATURE AND DATE

iii
 DEDICATION

This term paper is dedicated to God Almighty, the beginning and the end, who spared my life

and gave me the wisdom, grace, knowledge and understanding in all my endeavours. All glory

to God my creator.

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My unending and sincere gratitude is to the Almighty God, for His endless grace,

mercies, blessings, and guidance all through my life endeavours and with whose mercy and

grace enabled the completion of this project. All Praise and adoration go to God.

I also sincerely appreciate my Supervisor, Engr. Prof. M.N. Nwohu for inculcating good habits

and giving a thorough explanation of this course which aided in the creation of this term paper.

I shall forever be grateful to my parents Mr. Olabode Olaniran and Mrs. Olabisi Olaniran, my

siblings Oluwaseunfunmi, Oluwatonifunmi and Ebunoluwafunmi Olaniran for their belief in

me and unending support, financially, morally, spiritually, and emotionally. I pray the

Almighty Lord make you reap the fruit of your labour through me. May God reward you all

abundantly in Jesus’ Name (Amen).

I also extend my appreciation to my friends Ojo Jefferson and Ogungbayi Samuel for their

suggestions and encouragements in the course of writing this term paper.

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 ABSTRACT

This is the 21st century, with great advancements in technology, which has vastly changed the
way we live our lives, solve problems and react to situations. In general, the technological
advancements of this age have made our lives easier. We now have smart devices like
smartphones, smartcards, smart houses etc.
This only means that we move even further into the understanding and decipher of the abstract
world to know ourselves better. Humankind has given itself the scientific name homo sapiens—
man the wise—because our mental capacities are so important to our everyday lives and our
sense of self. The field of Artificial Intelligence, or AI, attempts to understand intelligent
entities. Thus, one reason to study it is to learn more about ourselves. But unlike philosophy
and psychology, which are also concerned with intelligence, AI strives to build intelligent
entities as well as understand them. Another reason to study AI is that these constructed
intelligent entities are interesting and useful in their own right. AI has produced many
significant and impressive products even at this early stage in its development. Although no
one can predict the future in detail, it is clear that computers with human-level intelligence (or
better) would have a huge impact on our everyday lives and on the future course of civilization
(Russell and Norvig; 1995).[1]
Automation control technology has the characteristics of good operation accuracy, strong
operability, high work efficiency, etc., and is widely used in today's electrical engineering [2-3].
However, the electrical equipment automation system has a certain transient in the operation
process, which affects the operation efficiency and safety of the electrical system to a certain
extent. This requires to control the uncertain factors in the automation system with the artificial
intelligence technology, and control various information through fuzzy logic operation [4-5].
This term paper aims to shed more light on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its relation to the
future of Electrical and Electronics Engineering.

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE .............................................................................................................................. i

DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................... ii

CERTIFICATION ....................................................................................................................iii

DEDICATION .......................................................................................................................... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... v

ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................. vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... vii

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... x

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY .................................................................................... 1

1.2 REASON FOR THE RESEARCH TOPIC.......................................................................... 1

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH ................................................................................... 2

1.4 TERM PAPER ORGANIZATION...................................................................................... 2

1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS .................................................................................................. 2

1.5.1 ARTIFICIAL .................................................................................................................... 3

1.5.2 INTELLIGENCE .............................................................................................................. 3

1.5.3 ELECTRICAL AUTOMATION CONTROL .................................................................. 3

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................... 4

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE .................................................... 4

vii
2.2 TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ...................................................................... 4

2.2.1 REACTIVE MACHINES ................................................................................................. 5

2.2.2 LIMITED MEMORY ....................................................................................................... 6

2.2.3 THEORY OF MIND......................................................................................................... 7

2.2.4 SELF-AWARENESS ....................................................................................................... 7

2.3 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................................... 7

2.4 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ELECTRICAL AUTOMATION .............................. 9

2.5 ADVANTAGES OF APPLYING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY IN

ELECTRICAL AUTOMATION CONTROL ......................................................................... 10

2.5.1 REDUCE INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES................................................. 10

2.5.2 STRENGTHEN PRODUCT STANDARDIZATION .................................................... 10

2.6 RELATED RESEARCHES ............................................................................................... 11

2.7 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN OTHER ASPECTS OF LIFE .................................. 12

CHAPTER THREE: IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ....... 13

3.1 RESEARCH OVERVIEW ................................................................................................ 13

3.2 DESIGN ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................ 14

3.2.1 FAULT DIAGNOSIS IN AUTOMATIC CONTROL ................................................... 14

3.2.2 IMPLEMENT INTEGRATED CONTROL ................................................................... 16

3.2.3 INTELLIGENT OPERATION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ............................... 17

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS ................................ 19

4.1 RESULTS .......................................................................................................................... 19

4.2 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS ........................................................................................... 20

viii
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................ 21

5.1 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 21

5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................... 21

REFERENCES....................................................................................................................... 23

ix
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1: Generator fault detection under artificial intelligence ........................................... 15

Figure 3.2: Engineering electrical automation control system ................................................ 16

Figure 4.1: Flowchart diagram showing the AI technology for Electrical Automation .......... 19

x
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In times past, Engineering was solely about blueprints, sketches, and physical models.

But today, it is intensively about software tools and computer designs. The demand for artificial

intelligence and digital technology has gained momentum in recent times. Advancements in

the Artificial Intelligence sector have transformed smart systems and supervised machine

learning to a great extent. Artificial intelligence systems will ease the laborious tasks that

engineers do, such as finding relevant content, fixing errors, and determining solutions. Smart

systems can help finish their job quickly. AI and digital tech can also assist the system engineer

in creating sophisticated designs along with incorporating sensor-based design procedures and

delivering the designs to intelligent manufacturing facilities [6].

AI addresses one of the ultimate puzzles. How is it possible for a slow, tiny brain,

whether biological or electronic, to perceive, understand, predict, and manipulate a world far

larger and more complicated than itself? How do we go about making something with those

properties? These are hard questions, but unlike the search for faster-than-light travel or an

antigravity device, the researcher in AI has solid evidence that the quest is possible. All the

researcher has to do is look in the mirror to see an example of an intelligent system (Russell

and Norvig; 1995) [7].

1.2 REASON FOR THE RESEARCH TOPIC

There are endless possibilities in Artificial Intelligence (AI). The appropriate utilisation

and management of AI will go a long way in the advancement of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering, specifically, Electrical Automation. The study and use of AI have become so very

broad that it was adopted as a branch of Engineering and labelled ‘Artificial Intelligence

1
Engineering’. The proper enlightenment of students will ensure a better understanding of the

concept of AI and pave a way to its adequate use and adaptation in our daily lives. In this term

paper, we would look into the operation of a simple Artificial Intelligence (AI) to help in our

understanding of the concept.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH

This research will bring to light, the advantages and limitations of Artificial

Intelligence. This research will also divulge into the possibilities and future advancements that

can be brought by Artificial Intelligence into Electrical and Electronics Engineering.

1.4 TERM PAPER ORGANIZATION

This project report comprises of five chapters. Chapter one consists of a general

introduction and background of the study. Chapter two of this work gives the introduction and

other related works. Chapter three explains the implementation while the result was discussed

in Chapter Four. Chapter five concludes the project with recommendations for further

improvement upon the system.

1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS

The concepts used during the course of this research have meanings that should be

understood so as not to be taken out of context. These concepts are highlighted below:

1.5.1 ARTIFICIAL

This is defined as anything made or produced by human beings rather than occurring

naturally, especially as a copy of something natural. It involves things that do not exist

naturally, but is contrived.

2
1.5.2 INTELLIGENCE

The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. It is the ability to apply

knowledge to manipulate one’s environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective

criteria.

1.5.3 ELECTRICAL AUTOMATION CONTROL

This is a control system in which systems are streamlined so that electricity, electrical

appliances, and fixtures power up and down on command.

3
 CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned

with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human
[8]
intelligence . Artificial intelligence (AI), sometimes called machine intelligence, is

intelligence demonstrated by machines in contrast to natural intelligence displayed by humans

and other animals (McCorduck, 2004) [9].

This implies that machines can be made to perform tasks commonly associated with

intelligent beings like humans and animals. It is an area of computer science with the help of

digital electronics that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like

humans. The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the

intellectual processes and characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover

meaning, generalize, or learn from past experiences. Since the development of the digital

computer in the 1940s, it has been demonstrated that computers can be programmed to carry

out very complex tasks like discovering proofs for mathematical theorems and playing chess

with great proficiency (Robinson, 2018) [10].

2.2 TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

According to www.builtin.com [11], there are four types of Artificial Intelligence, which are

as follows:

i. Reactive Machines

ii. Limited Memory

iii. Theory of Mind

iv. Self-Awareness

4
2.2.1 REACTIVE MACHINES

A reactive machine follows the most basic of AI principles, and as its name implies, it

is capable of only using its intelligence to perceive and react to the world in front of it. A

reactive machine cannot store a memory and as a result cannot rely on past experiences to

inform decision making in real-time. Perceiving the world directly means that reactive

machines are designed to complete only a limited number of specialized duties. Intentionally

narrowing a reactive machine’s worldview is not any sort of cost-cutting measure, instead this

means that this type of AI will be more trustworthy and reliable — it will react the same way

to the same stimuli every time.

A famous example of a reactive machine is Deep Blue, which was designed by IBM in

the 1990s, as a chess-playing supercomputer which defeated international grandmaster Gary

Kasparov in a game. Deep Blue was only capable of identifying the pieces on a chess board

and knowing how each piece moves based on the rules of chess, acknowledging each piece’s

present position, and determining what the most logical move would be at that moment. The

computer was not pursuing future potential moves by its opponent or trying to put its own

pieces in better position. Every turn was viewed as its own reality, separate from any other

movement that was made beforehand.

Another example of a game-playing reactive machine is Google’s AlphaGo. AlphaGo

is also incapable of evaluating future moves but relies on its own neural network to evaluate

developments of the present game, giving it an edge over Deep Blue in a more complex game.

AlphaGo also bested world-class competitors of the game, defeating champion Go player Lee

Sedol in 2016. Though limited in scope and not easily altered, reactive machine artificial

intelligence can attain a level of complexity, and offers reliability when it is created to fulfil

repeatable tasks.

5
2.2.2 LIMITED MEMORY

Limited memory artificial intelligence has the ability to store previous data and predictions

when gathering information and weighing potential decisions — essentially looking into the

past for clues on what may come next. Limited memory artificial intelligence is more complex

and presents greater possibilities than reactive machines. Limited memory AI is created when

a team continuously trains a model in how to analyse and utilize new data or an AI environment

is built so models can be automatically trained and renewed. When utilizing limited memory

AI in machine learning, six steps must be followed: Training data must be created, the machine

learning model must be created, the model must be able to make predictions, the model must

be able to receive human or environmental feedback, that feedback must be stored as data, and

these steps must be reiterated as a cycle. There are three major machine learning models that

utilize limited memory artificial intelligence:

• Reinforcement learning, which learns to make better predictions through repeated trial-

and-error.

• Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), which utilizes past data to help predict the next item

in a sequence. LTSMs view more recent information as most important when making

predictions and discounts data from further in the past, though still utilizing it to form

conclusions.

• Evolutionary Generative Adversarial Networks (E-GAN), which evolves over time,

growing to explore slightly modified paths based off of previous experiences with every

new decision. This model is constantly in pursuit of a better path and utilizes simulations

and statistics, or chance, to predict outcomes throughout its evolutionary mutation cycle.

6
2.2.3 THEORY OF MIND

Theory of Mind is just that — theoretical. We have not yet achieved the technological

and scientific capabilities necessary to reach this next level of artificial intelligence. The

concept is based on the psychological premise of understanding that other living things have

thoughts and emotions that affect the behaviour of one’s self. In terms of AI machines, this

would mean that AI could comprehend how humans, animals and other machines feel and

make decisions through self-reflection and determination, and then will utilize that information

to make decisions of their own. Essentially, machines would have to be able to grasp and

process the concept of “mind,” the fluctuations of emotions in decision making and a litany of

other psychological concepts in real time, creating a two-way relationship between people and

artificial intelligence.

2.2.4 SELF-AWARENESS

Once Theory of Mind can be established in artificial intelligence, sometime well into

the future, the final step will be for AI to become self-aware. This kind of artificial intelligence

possesses human-level consciousness and understands its own existence in the world, as well

as the presence and emotional state of others. It would be able to understand what others may

need based on not just what they communicate to them but how they communicate it. Self-

awareness in artificial intelligence relies both on human researchers understanding the premise

of consciousness and then learning how to replicate that so it can be built into machines.

2.3 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

Artificial beings with intelligence appeared as storytelling devices in antiquity,[12] and

have been common in fiction, as in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein or Karel Čapek's R.U.R.[13]

These characters and their fates raised many of the same issues now discussed in the ethics of

artificial intelligence.[14] The study of mechanical or "formal" reasoning began with

7
philosophers and mathematicians in antiquity. The study of mathematical logic led directly

to Alan Turing's theory of computation, which suggested that a machine, by shuffling symbols

as simple as "0" and "1", could simulate any conceivable act of mathematical deduction. This

insight, that digital computers can simulate any process of formal reasoning, is known as

the Church–Turing thesis[15].

The Church-Turing thesis, along with concurrent discoveries

in neurobiology, information theory and cybernetics, led researchers to consider the possibility

of building an electronic brain.[16] The first work that is now generally recognized as AI

was McCullouch and Pitts' 1943 formal design for Turing-complete "artificial neurons".[17]

The beginnings of modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be traced to classical philosophers'

attempts to describe human thinking as a symbolic system. But the field of artificial intelligence

(AI) was not formally founded until 1956, when John McCarthy at an academic conference at

Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire coined the term "artificial intelligence"

(McGuire, 2006) [18].

MIT cognitive scientist Marvin Minsky and others who attended the conference were

extremely optimistic about AI's future. But achieving an artificially intelligent being was not

so simple. After several reports criticizing the progress in AI, by 1973, in response to the

criticism from James Lighthill and ongoing pressure from congress; the U.S. and British

Governments stopped funding undirected research on artificial intelligence, and the difficult

years that followed was later known as an "AI winter" – 1974 to 1980 (Huang, 2006) [19]. The

field later revived in the 1980s when the British government started funding it again in part to

compete with efforts by the Japanese (Yang, 2006) [20]. But by the late 80s the investors became

disillusioned by the absence of the needed computer power (hardware) and withdrew funding

again. The experience brought about another major winter from 1987 to 1993. But research

began to pick up again after that, and in 1997, IBM's Deep Blue became the first computer to

8
beat a chess champion when it defeated Russian grandmaster Garry Kasparov (Lohr, 2016) [21].

Investment and interest in AI boomed in the first decades of the 21st century, when machine

learning was successfully applied to many problems in academia and industry due to the

presence of powerful computer hardware. This was in the form of access to large amounts of

data (known as "big data"), faster computers and advanced machine learning techniques which

were successfully applied to many problems throughout the world’s economy. In fact,

McKinsey Global Institute estimated in their famous paper “Big data: The next frontier for

innovation, competition, and productivity” that “by 2009, nearly all sectors in the US economy

had at least an average of 200 terabytes of stored data”. By 2016, the market for AI related

products, hardware and software reached more than 8 billion dollars, which raised the interest

in AI to reach a "frenzy". The applications of big data began to reach into other fields as well,

such as training models in ecology and for various applications in economics (Hampton et al.,
[22]
2013) . Advances in deep learning (particularly deep convolutional neural networks and

recurrent neural networks) drove the progress of AI to image, video processing, text analysis,

and speech recognition (Robinson, 2018) [23].

2.4 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ELECTRICAL AUTOMATION

For electrical engineering, artificial intelligence technology is mainly applied in

electrical equipment design, fault diagnosis, production control, supervision and early warning.

First, at the electrical design level in the electrical automation system, due to the complexity

and cumbersomeness of the equipment structure, its scope is very extensive, requiring technical

staff to have rich operating practices; Second, in terms of accident and fault diagnosis, the

advantages of fuzzy logic and neural networks can be effectively used to implement early

warning and monitoring functions by applying artificial intelligence technology. If an alarm

occurs, it indicates that a problem has occurred in the entire electrical automation control

system; Third, the artificial intelligence technology is applied in electrical automation control,

9
conducting intelligent control through three ways of neural network, fuzzy control, expert

system, of which the fuzzy control technology is applied the most commonly, which is often

called "AI" control.

2.5 ADVANTAGES OF APPLYING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRICAL AUTOMATION CONTROL

The advantages of Artificial Intelligence in Electrical Automation are voluminous.

Some of these advantages include:

2.5.1 REDUCE INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES

Compared with traditional automation technology, automation technology can do the

corresponding things step by step, that is, mechanized production movement. The artificial

intelligence technology can not only effectively replace the manual labour mode, but also can

imitate the human brain thinking and control the occurrence rate of errors, which is mainly due

to software programming technology. Electrical system operation is a very complicated task,

which requires a large number of staff to control the operation, and through the application of

artificial intelligence technology, only 1 or 2 managers are required to implement the electrical

system operation (mainly for supervision).

2.5.2 STRENGTHEN PRODUCT STANDARDIZATION

In the actual operation process, electrical equipment usually runs according to the

program standard, and it will not be affected and interfered by external factors in actual

operation. All production processes are duplicate programming content, which provides a huge

guarantee for production standardization and uniformity. At the same time, application

programming technology can be designed according to time and language, and corresponding

actions can be made at fixed times according to the programming model, so that the correct

10
production actions can be made at the correct time, which greatly improves the standardization

of the product.

2.6 RELATED RESEARCHES

There have been journals, articles and books published with the aim of bringing to light,

the vast advantages and possibilities in the field of artificial intelligence. Some of these

publications have changed the way human beings interact with artificial intelligence. We now

look at AI with a completely different view since its introduction in 1956.

(Russell and Norvig, 1995) [24]

in their ground-breaking textbook “Artificial

Intelligence: A Modern Approach”, answer the question of Artificial Intelligence by unifying

their work around the theme of intelligent agents in machines. With this in mind, AI is “the

study of agents that receive precepts from the environment and perform actions”. They go on

to explore four different approaches that have historically defined the field of AI:

Thinking humanly – Thinking rationally – Acting humanly – Acting rationally

The first two ideas concern thought processes and reasoning, while the others deal with

behaviour. Norvig and Russell focus particularly on rational agents that act to achieve the best

outcome, noting “all the skills needed for the Turing-Test also allow an agent to act rationally”
[25]
.

(Robinson, 2018) [26]

in his journal titled “Artificial Intelligence: Its Importance,

Challenges and Applications in Nigeria” writes on the value of Artificial Intelligence, and the

role it plays in the future of Nigeria. The ability to reason logically is an important aspect of

intelligence and has always been a major focus of Artificial intelligence (AI) research. This

focus has revolutionized Artificial intelligence in virtually every field it has touched. This

revolutionizing ability of AI can be of immense benefits to the Nigerian economy and society

if AI is deliberately given a priority to strive in the nation. Artificial intelligence (AI) makes it

11
possible for machines to learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform human-like

tasks.

(Huang, 2020) [27] in his article titled “Application Research of Electrical Engineering

Automation Based on Artificial Intelligence” writes on the implications of Artificial

Intelligence on the area of Automation, which is a field of Electrical Engineering. The

application of artificial intelligence technology in electrical automation engineering can not

only manage dynamically the electrical automation control system, but also ensure the

operation safety of the entire system software and hardware. This article focuses on the

characteristics, application status, and technical advantages of artificial intelligence

technology, and also describes the application of artificial intelligence technology in

conjunction with electrical engineering, with a view to comprehensively promoting the healthy

development of China's electrical industry.

2.7 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN OTHER ASPECTS OF LIFE

There are so many amazing ways artificial intelligence and machine learning are used behind

the scenes to impact our everyday lives. Artificial intelligence is used in our day-to-day

activities such as:

• Social media

• Digital Assistants - Apple’s Siri, Google Now, Amazon’s Alexa, and Microsoft’s Cortana

• Self-Driving and Parking Vehicles

• Email communications

• Web searching

• Stores and services

• Offline experiences

12
 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

3.1 RESEARCH OVERVIEW

An electrical project is a very typical form of office building construction (main control

room for electrical equipment), with a total area of 823.44 m2 and a height of 34 m in 9 floors

in total. Among them, the first floor is mainly electrical equipment room; the second floor is

the activity room and storage room; the remaining 7 floors are offices and guest rooms.

According to the "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings" (GB 50045)

and "Code for Design of Automatic Alarm System for Electrical Engineering", the project

belongs to the second-class high-rise building, and the object of the automatic fire alarm system

is a second-level unit. The electrical engineering first-level load includes fire pumps,

emergency lighting, smoke exhaust fans, indicator lights, and fire control. The power

distribution of the power distribution room is as follows: cabinet 1 is used for fire pumps,

smoke exhaust fans, fire shutter doors, etc. Cabinet 2 is used for emergency lighting, safety

exit indicators, evacuation indicators, fire control rooms, etc. The remaining 3, 4, and Cabinet

5 is mainly used for 1 ~ 3, 4 ~ 6, 7 ~ 9 layers of lighting electricity; Cabinet 6 is reserved.

This project mainly adopts the power distribution method of trunk and radial

combination. The main power distribution trunk is the electrical shaft caused by the cable

trough of the ceiling of the power distribution room. There is a main power distribution box in

each floor of the electrical shaft. The automatic control system mainly includes equipment

detectors, smoke and temperature detectors, graphic display equipment, emergency

broadcasting systems, fire telephone hosts, automatic alarm systems, etc., and applies artificial

intelligence technology (AI) and expert systems.

13
3.2 DESIGN ANALYSIS

In order to dive deeper into the world of artificial intelligence, a better understanding

of its framework is required. Every project design comes from an identification of a problem

that requires a solution, there is need to provide a design idea and consider the feasibility of the

idea to solve such problems. All considerations must be critically analysed with sustainable

solutions, to produce a realistic implementation of the idea not minding maybe such idea

involves minute or complex programming and simulations.

The type of artificial intelligence employed in Electrical Automation is the Limited

Memory Artificial Intelligence (The Long-Short Term Memory [LSTM] Model). This system

utilizes the previous data to determine its next line of action. It gives less priority to older data,

but is concerned with the current data.

3.2.1 FAULT DIAGNOSIS IN AUTOMATIC CONTROL

Because artificial intelligence technology includes neural network control technology,

expert technology, etc., in the actual application process, the operating status of electrical

equipment can be judged, and at the same time, the fault type can be fuzzy analysed, so that

the accuracy of fault diagnosis of electrical automation control systems can be assured.

Especially in the fault diagnosis of engines, generators and transformers, the efficiency of

intelligent technology can be effectively exerted. Because in the entire electrical automation

control system, there are many factors that cause failures, and the failure frequency of some

equipment is relatively high, so once a failure occurs, the detection equipment in the system

will find the failure point and the cause of the failure. If it is a software failure problem, the

system will handle it by itself; if it is a hardware failure problem, the system will directly

present the failure problem to the computer display terminal, so that effective measures can be

targeted.

14
 Figure 3.1: Generator fault detection under artificial intelligence

In the experiment of the electrical automation control system of this project, the

transformer has had a fault problem. Since the transformer is a hardware fault, the transformer

fault alarm is automatically issued in the terminal of the electric control room and the fault

condition is displayed. After seeing the terminal display an alarm, the staff turned off the power

in the area where the transformer was located and repaired it. The entire fault took only 20

minutes to repair. Artificial intelligence technology can not only improve the accuracy of fault

diagnosis, but also improve the efficiency of fault repair.

15
 Figure 3.2: Engineering electrical automation control system

3.2.2 IMPLEMENT INTEGRATED CONTROL

In the practical application of this electronic engineering system, the staff can use expert

decision support in the operation process, summarize and classify expert knowledge and

electrical automation control experience, and perfect problems existing in software

programming. It can strengthen the learning ability of intelligent technology and continuously

improve the operating performance of automated control systems.

In the practical application of this project, since the automation control system involves

6 cabinets, a power direction protection method is adopted, that is, a protection method of

selecting lines through data concentration. In traditional engineering, if a problem occurs in a

certain area, it will prompt a certain area of damage and require the staff to troubleshoot.

However, intelligent operation can be performed on the protection device through the

introduction of artificial intelligence technology, such as leakage, overload, and phase failure,

and the problems of short circuit can be intelligently protected. At the same time, because the

16
sensor is added, you only need to click the corresponding monitoring module in the terminal

to get the monitoring data in the area, so as to realize the dynamic management mode.

3.2.3 INTELLIGENT OPERATION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

The integration of artificial intelligence technology into the electrical automation

control system can effectively avoid the complexity of the automation equipment wiring

mechanism, which causes problems such as the lack of reliability of electrical equipment

operation. The addition of artificial intelligence enables the automation control system to

achieve not only dynamic management functions, but also intelligent operations and remote

command functions, that is, on the basis of intelligent operation, it can also operate and control

the electrical system targeting at actual work conditions on terminal devices, so as to ensure

that the wiring of automation equipment is more flexible, thereby improving the safety of

system operation.

The calculation formula of electric power is shown in formulas (1) and (2):

P1 = Pn / n (1)

P = I2R (2)

In the formula, P1 is the input power, Pn is the rated power, n and is the efficiency.

For instance, the necessary input power, P1 may be obtained where the desired efficiency is at

90%, the current rating of the devices to be considered at 20A and their equivalent resistance

at 8.75.

solution

Known: Efficiency,n = 90%; Current, I = 20A (amperes); Resistance, R = 8.75 (ohms)

P1 = Pn / n (1)

17
 Pn = I2R (2)

From equation (2)

Pn = (20 × 20) × 8.75

Pn = 3500W (Watts) (3)

Inserting equation (3) into equation (1), we obtain:

3500
P1 = = 38.889 W
90

P1 = 38.889 W (Watts)

Therefore, an input power of 38.889 Watts will be involved with an efficiency of 95%.

In this electrical project, although the operation mode of the automation control system

is not much different from before, the system has not experienced software faults in actual

operation, only one hardware failure of the transformer has occurred, and the entire system is

very stable, indicating that the anti-interference ability of the whole system has been enhanced.

It can be seen that the entire process of the electrical engineering operation is under intelligent

monitoring and control, and the secondary equipment also implements dynamic and integrated

management through digital control methods.

In order to further improve the anti-interference ability and data transmission ability (to

avoid signal attenuation), the connection lines of all automatic control equipment are using

fibre optic cables, which greatly improves the application effect of artificial intelligence

technology. Through practical testing, there is almost no signal attenuation problem in data

transmission.

18
 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

4.1 RESULTS

The operation of the artificial intelligence system in electrical automation results in a

process which can be expressed by a flowchart.

START

INPUT
POWER P1

CHECK FOR
FAULTS

ANY YES SOUND

FAULTS? ALARM

NO NO

KEEP YES IS FAULT

FIXED?
SYSTEM
RUNNING

Figure 4.1: Flowchart diagram showing the AI

END technology for Electrical Automation

19
4.2 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

The artificial intelligence (AI) ensures that all electrical devices and components run

smoothly. It prevents overloading and protects all devices from short circuiting, by detecting

faults early and sounding an alarm for the fault to be addressed. This saves time and ensures

that faults are known in the exact locations in which they occur.

20
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 CONCLUSION

Artificial Intelligence makes our lives more efficient every day AI powers many

programs and services that help us do everyday things such as connecting with friends, using

an email program, or using a ride-share service. If you have reservations about the use of

artificial intelligence, it may be comforting to know that most of us have been using AI on a

daily basis for many years.

Modern society is a scientific and technological society, artificial intelligence

technology and other scientific means will only be more and more popular, and will only be

used more and more widely. Artificial intelligence technology not only helps to reduce

manpower and material resources in the field of electrical automation control, but also

reduces the consumption of time, reduces the production cost of enterprises, and improves the

overall production efficiency of enterprises. Nowadays, there are many aspects of using

artificial intelligence technology in the process of electrical automation, such as fault

diagnosis, electrical equipment, simplified process, electrical control, daily operation, etc.

Each process has become much simpler, and the level of electrical automation control in our

country is constantly improving. In short, the application of artificial intelligence technology

has made the electric automation control unprecedented development, and the future potential

is incalculable [28].

21
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

In the event of further research, the following recommendations should be put into

consideration:

i. A better detailed explanation of the actions undertaken by the AI is necessary.

ii. Other situations aside from fault detection should be put into consideration.

22
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26