Solutions of Molecular basis of inheritance PYQS

NEST PYQS

1.A.
The given t-RNAs have the following anticodons:
3-CAG-5 corresponds to the amino acid valine (Val)
3-UCG-5 corresponds to the amino acid serine (Ser)
3-UAC-5 corresponds to the amino acid methionine (Met)
3-UUU-5 corresponds to the amino acid proline (Pro)
Therefore, the sequence of DNA codes for the peptide is:
5' GAC GCT CAT TTT 3' (Val Ser Met Pro)

2.
DNA Y could be cut by an exonuclease, indicating that it has free ends and therefore must be a
linear structure. Additionally, we do not have any information to suggest that DNA Y is
circular. Therefore, we can conclude that DNA Y has a double-stranded, linear structure.

3. D.
From the given graph, it can be observed that there is a clear trend indicating that the age of
onset of Huntington's disease decreases as the number of CAG repeats increases. This suggests
that there is a positive correlation between the two variables. Therefore, the option stating
"There is a negative correlation between age of onset and number of CAG repeats" is
incorrect.
Regarding the other options, the fact that Huntington's disease is always fatal indicates that it is
a heritable disease that can be passed on to offspring. Therefore, the option stating
"Huntington's disease is fatal and is therefore not heritable" is incorrect.
As for the option stating "There could be factors other than the number of CAG repeats that
determine the age of onset", it is possible that there may be other factors that contribute to the
development and progression of the disease. However, the graph suggests that the number of
CAG repeats is a significant determinant of the age of onset.
"Huntington's disease is heritable and can be passed onto offspring".

4. D.
.phenotypic variation between the feathery submerged leaves and the padded surface leaves is
likely due to differences in gene expression patterns that regulate leaf morphology and
function, rather than changes in genome content or somatic mutations. Additionally, it is
reasonable to assume that environmental conditions may play a role in the expression of these
genes, given the differing growth conditions experienced by the two types of leaves.

5. A.
The correct statement regarding living cells is: The nucleus is a characteristic feature of all
living cells.
Not all living cells have a nucleus, as prokaryotic cells lack a distinct nucleus. However,
eukaryotic cells, which include animals, plants, fungi, and protists, have a nucleus as a
characteristic feature.

6. C.
The incorrect match in the given pairs is "Cytoplasm - exon splicing of eukaryotic
pre-mRNA."
Exon splicing of eukaryotic pre-mRNA occurs in the nucleus, not in the cytoplasm. The other
pairs are correct

KVPY previous year questions

1.C
The correct combination found in DNA is Guanine and Cytosine.

2.
Total molecular mass of double-stranded DNA of 10 base pairs = (2 nucleotides per base pair)
x (10 base pairs) x (1000 Da per nucleotide)
Total molecular mass of double-stranded DNA of 10 base pairs = 20,000 Da
Therefore, the molecular mass of a double-stranded DNA of 10 base pairs is 20,000 Da or 20
kDa. Thus, the correct option is "20 kDa".

3. D.
Transduction is the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through a
bacteriophage vector. During the process of transduction, the bacteriophage infects a bacterium
and inserts its genetic material into the bacterial chromosome. When the bacteriophage
replicates, it packages some of the bacterial DNA into the new phage particles, which can then
infect another bacterium and transfer the bacterial DNA to the new host cell.

4. The genotypes of the parents are IAIO and IAIB. When these genotypes are crossed, the
possible genotypes of the offspring are IAIA, IAIB, IAIO, and IOIO, with probabilities of
25%, 50%, 25%, and 0%,
So the probability of their first child having type O blood is 25%, or 0.25.
5. B
Also, the total percentage of the four bases must add up to 100%, so we can calculate the
percentage of adenine (A) and thymine (T) as follows:
G + C + A + T = 100%
17% + A + T = 100%
A + T = 83%
Since the percentages of A and T are equal, we can divide 83% by 2 to get the percentage of
each base:
A = T = 41.5%
Therefore, the expected percentages of the four bases are:
G = 17%
C = 17%
A = 41.5%
T = 41.5%

6. A The possible genotypes for the

parents are Man with blood group A: AA or AO
Woman with blood group B: BB or BO
Therefore, the possible combinations of the parents' genotypes and the resulting blood types of
their offspring are:
AA x BB = AB
AA x BO = AB or A
AO x BB = AB or B
AO x BO = AB, A, B, or O

7.A
The genome of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is composed of
single-stranded RNA.

IAT previous year questions

1.A
The sequence 5' GAATTC 3' is palindromic, because it reads the same backwards as forwards
when the complementary base pairs are considered.

2.A.
All the RE1, RE2 and RE3 digested DNA
3.B
The correct arrangement of the DNA fragments separated on the agar gel in increasing order
is:
100 bp < 300 bp < 500 bp