Microprocessors

Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

What is a microprocessor?

A. A controlling unit of a micro-computer

B. A type of transistor

C. An input/output device

D. A type of memory

Answer: A

What range of applications can microprocessors be used for?

A. Only sophisticated process controllers

B. Only game machines and toys

C. From sophisticated process controllers to simple game machines and toys

D. None of the above

Answer: C

Why is it important for engineers to learn about microprocessors?

A. Because they are the latest technological innovation

B. So they can use them in every project they work on

C. To make sound engineering judgements when the time comes

D. None of the above

Answer: C

What are the three basic parts or sub-systems of a computer?

A. CPU, RAM, ROM

B. Input, output, memory

C. Microprocessor, I/O devices, memory

D. ALU, register array, control unit

Answer: B
What do input devices do in a computer?

A. Deliver the results of computations to the outside world

B. Control the timing and general operation of the complete system

C. Store both the instructions to be executed and the data involved

D. Feed data into the CPU

Answer: D

What is the purpose of output devices in a computer?

A. To store both the instructions to be executed and the data involved

B. To deliver the results of computations to the outside world

C. To feed data into the CPU

D. To control the timing and general operation of the complete system

Answer: B

What is the purpose of memory in a computer?

A. To control the timing and general operation of the complete system

B. To deliver the results of computations to the outside world

C. To feed data into the CPU

D. To store both the instructions to be executed and the data involved

Answer: D

What is the purpose of a microprocessor in a microcomputer?

A. To store both the instructions to be executed and the data involved

B. To control the timing and general operation of the complete system

C. To feed data into the CPU

D. To function as the CPU

Answer: D
What is the function of the ALU in a microprocessor?

A. To control the flow of data and instructions within the computer

B. To perform arithmetical and logical operations on the data received from the memory or an input
device

C. To deliver the results of computations to the outside world

D. None of the above

Answer: B

What is the purpose of the register array in a microprocessor?

A. To perform arithmetical and logical operations on the data received from the memory or an input
device

B. To control the flow of data and instructions within the computer

C. To store both the instructions to be executed and the data involved

D. None of the above

Answer: A

What is the purpose of the control unit in a microprocessor?

A. To perform arithmetical and logical operations on the data received from the memory or an input
device

B. To control the flow of data and instructions within the computer

C. To deliver the results of computations to the outside world

D. None of the above

Answer: B

What are the three basic subsystems of a computer?

A. Central Processing Unit (CPU), Input/Output (I/O) Devices, and Memory

B. Registers, Input Devices, and Output Devices

C. Arithmetic Logical Units (ALUs), Control Units, and Memory

D. Microprocessors, Input Devices, and Peripherals

Answer: A. Central Processing Unit (CPU), Input/Output (I/O) Devices, and Memory
Which of the following is not a function of a microprocessor?

A. Performing arithmetic and logical operations

B. Reading and executing instructions from memory

C. Controlling the flow of data and instructions within the computer

D. Delivering the results of computations to the outside world

Answer: D. Delivering the results of computations to the outside world (this is the function of output
devices)

What is the purpose of the ALU in a microprocessor?

A. To store data involved in calculations

B. To perform arithmetic and logical operations on data

C. To control the flow of data and instructions

D. To read and execute instructions from memory

Answer: B. To perform arithmetic and logical operations on data

Which type of memory stores both the instructions to be executed and the data involved?

A. RAM (Random-Access Memory)

B. ROM (Read-Only Memory)

C. Cache Memory

D. Virtual Memory

Answer: A. RAM (Random-Access Memory)

What is a microcomputer?

A. A more powerful version of a mini computer

B. A sequential state machine that can replace random logic chips

C. An integrated circuit designed to function as the CPU of a computer

D. A computer that uses a microprocessor as its CPU

Answer: D. A computer that uses a microprocessor as its CPU

 Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

What is a microprocessor?

a. A single transistor

b. An electronic device that accepts binary data as input, processes it according to instructions stored
in its memory, and provides results as output

c. An optical device that stores data

d. A mechanical device that performs arithmetic and logical operations

Answer: b. An electronic device that accepts binary data as input, processes it according to
instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output.

What are the components of a microprocessor?

a. ALU, Control Unit, and Memory

b. ALU, Control Unit, and Register Array

c. Memory, Register Array, and Control Bus

d. ALU, Memory, and Control Bus

Answer: b. ALU, Control Unit, and Register Array.

Which unit of the microprocessor performs both arithmetic and logical operations?

a. ALU

b. Control Unit

c. Memory

d. Register Array

Answer: a. ALU.

What is the function of the control unit?

a. To perform arithmetic and logical operations

b. To store and transfer data and programs

c. To control the instructions and generate signals to operate the other components

d. To provide timing and control signals to all the operations in the microcomputer
Answer: c. To control the instructions and generate signals to operate the other components.

What is the function of the register array?

a. To store data and programs that are currently being executed

b. To control and execute the flow of data between the microprocessor, memory, and peripherals

c. To perform arithmetic and logical operations

d. To identify the letters such as B, C, D, E, H, and L in the microprocessor

Answer: a. To store data and programs that are currently being executed.

When did the evolution of the microprocessor start?

a. In the 1930s

b. In the 1950s

c. In the 1960s

d. In the 1970s

Answer: a. In the 1930s.

What did the mechanical calculating devices in the 1930s use?

a. Transistors

b. Vacuum tubes

c. Mechanical relays

d. Integrated circuits

Answer: c. Mechanical relays.

What replaced the mechanical relays in the 1950s?

a. Transistors

b. Vacuum tubes

c. Integrated circuits

d. Microprocessors

Answer: b. Vacuum tubes.

What led to the introduction of minicomputers in the 1960s?

a. The development of complex devices called integrated circuits

b. The breakthrough in transistor technology

c. The replacement of vacuum tubes by transistors

d. The use of very large-scale integration

Answer: c. The replacement of vacuum tubes by transistors.

Who was the first MPU producer?

a. Motorola

b. Zilog

c. Busicom

d. Intel

Answer: d. Intel.

How many transistors did the 4004 microprocessor contain?

a. 2,300

b. 4,000

c. 8,000

d. 16,000

Answer: a. 2,300.

What technology was used to fabricate the 4004 microprocessor?

a. p-channel metal-oxide semiconductor (PMOS) technology

b. n-channel metal oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) technology

c. high density metal-oxide-semiconductor (HMOS) technology

d. very large-scale integration (VLSI)

Answer: a.

Which of the following is a component of a microprocessor?

a. Memory Unit

b. Display Unit

c. Input Unit

d. Sound Unit

Answer: a. Memory Unit

Which of the following is the first microprocessor developed by Intel?

a. 4004

b. 8008

c. 8080

d. 8086

Answer: a. 4004

Which generation of microprocessors introduced 16-bit processors?

a. First Generation

b. Second Generation

c. Third Generation

d. Fourth Generation

Answer: c. Third Generation

Which technology was used to fabricate first-generation microprocessors?

a. PMOS

b. NMOS

c. HMOS

d. CMOS

Answer: a. PMOS

Which component of a microprocessor controls the flow of data between the microprocessor,
memory, and peripherals?
a. ALU

b. Control Unit

c. Register Array

d. Input Unit

Answer: b. Control Unit

Which of the following arithmetic operations can be performed by an ALU?

a. Addition

b. Subtraction

c. Multiplication

d. All of the above

Answer: d. All of the above

Which of the following is a type of register used by a programmer to store arbitrary data?

a. General-purpose Register

b. Reserved Register

c. Arithmetic Register

d. Logic Register

Answer: a. General-purpose Register

Which technology led to the development of complex devices called integrated circuits?

a. Vacuum Tubes

b. Transistors

c. Microprocessors

d. Minicomputers

Answer: b. Transistors
Which of the following microprocessors was not introduced in the second generation?

a. Intel 8085

b. Motorola 6800

c. Intel 8086

d. Zilog Z80

Answer: c. Intel 8086

 Module #4 Student Activity Sheet

Which type of parallelism does a superscalar processor implement?

a. Instruction-level parallelism

b. Data-level parallelism

c. Task-level parallelism

d. Thread-level parallelism

Answer: a. Instruction-level parallelism

How many instructions can a scalar processor execute during a clock cycle?

a. More than one

b. Exactly one

c. None

d. It varies depending on the processor

Answer: b. Exactly one

What is the main advantage of a superscalar processor over a scalar processor?

a. It executes instructions sequentially

b. It can execute more than one instruction per clock cycle

c. It has more execution units

d. It has lower power consumption

Answer: b. It can execute more than one instruction per clock cycle

How is a multi-core superscalar processor classified in Flynn's taxonomy?

a. SISD processor

b. SIMD processor

c. MIMD processor

d. None of the above

Answer: c. MIMD processor

What is the relationship between superscalar and pipelining execution techniques?

a. They are the same technique

b. Superscalar executes instructions in parallel using multiple execution units, whereas pipelining
executes multiple instructions in the same execution unit in parallel by dividing the execution unit into
different phases.

c. Superscalar executes instructions sequentially, whereas pipelining executes instructions in parallel.

d. None of the above

Answer: b. Superscalar executes instructions in parallel using multiple execution units, whereas
pipelining executes multiple instructions in the same execution unit in parallel by dividing the
execution unit into different phases.

How does a superscalar processor check for data dependencies between instructions?

a. By software checking at compile time

b. By dynamically checking at run time

c. By using a separate dependency checking unit

d. None of the above

Answer: b. By dynamically checking at run time

Which type of processor can be classified as SIMD in Flynn's taxonomy?

a. Single-core scalar processor

b. Single-core superscalar processor

c. Multi-core scalar processor

d. Multi-core superscalar processor

Answer: b. Single-core superscalar processor that supports short vector operations

What is the classification of a single-core superscalar processor in Flynn's taxonomy?

a. SISD processor

b. SIMD processor

c. MIMD processor

d. None of the above

Answer: a. SISD processor

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of VLIW architecture?

a. New programmer needed

b. Increased memory use

c. High power consumption

d. Program must keep track of instruction scheduling

Answer: None of the above. All of them are disadvantages of VLIW architecture.

What is the primary disadvantage of a superscalar processor?

a. It requires a new programmer

b. It has increased memory use

c. It has high power consumption

d. It has a more complex design than a scalar processor

Answer: d. It has a more complex design than a scalar processor.

What is a superscalar processor?

A) A CPU that can execute multiple instructions during a clock cycle

B) A CPU that can execute only one instruction per clock cycle

C) A CPU that uses multiple cores for parallel execution

D) A CPU that executes instructions in a sequential order

Answer: A

What is the advantage of a superscalar processor over a scalar processor?

A) Increased throughput

B) Lower power consumption

C) Smaller memory requirements

D) Simpler instruction scheduling

Answer: A
Which of the following is a characteristic of superscalar processors?

A) Instructions are issued from a parallel instruction stream

B) Data dependencies are checked at compile time

C) Multiple instructions are executed in the same execution unit

D) It can be classified as an SISD processor

Answer: C

What is the classification of a single-core superscalar processor in Flynn's taxonomy?

A) SISD

B) SIMD

C) MIMD

D) None of the above

Answer: A

What is the classification of a multi-core superscalar processor in Flynn's taxonomy?

A) SISD

B) SIMD

C) MIMD

D) None of the above

Answer: C

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of VLIW architecture?

A) New programmer needed

B) Increased memory use

C) High power consumption

D) Program must keep track of instruction scheduling

Answer: None of the above (all are disadvantages of VLIW architecture)

Which of the following is a performance enhancement technique that is different from superscalar
execution?

A) Pipelining

B) Branch prediction

C) Register renaming

D) Speculative execution

Answer: A

Which of the following is a characteristic of superscalar processors regarding instruction scheduling?

A) The program must keep track of instruction scheduling

B) The CPU schedules instructions automatically

C) The compiler schedules instructions at compile time

D) The CPU issues instructions in a random order

Answer: B

Which type of processor can be classified as SIMD if it supports short vector operations?

A) Single-core scalar processor

B) Single-core superscalar processor

C) Multi-core scalar processor

D) Multi-core superscalar processor

Answer: B

Which of the following is a characteristic of superscalar processors regarding data dependencies?

A) Data dependencies are checked at compile time

B) Data dependencies are checked by the program at runtime

C) Data dependencies are checked by the CPU at runtime

D) Data dependencies are not checked in superscalar processors

Answer: C
 Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

What is an ALU?

A) A device used to store data in a computer.

B) A device used to perform arithmetic and logic operations in a computer.

C) A device used to control the flow of data in a computer.

D) A device used to display information on a computer screen.

Answer: B

What is the function of a register in a CPU?

A) To perform arithmetic and logic operations.

B) To load data from input registers.

C) To store data temporarily.

D) To move data between registers, the ALU, and memory.

Answer: C

What are the two possible states of a transistor switch?

A) On and off.

B) 0 and 1.

C) Open and closed.

D) High and low.

Answer: C

What is a gate in computing?

A) A device that controls the flow of data in a computer.

B) A device used to perform arithmetic and logic operations in a computer.

C) An arrangement of transistors used to allow or stop a current.

D) A device used to store data in a computer.

Answer: C

What is the simplest type of logic gate?

A) AND gate.

B) OR gate.

C) NOT gate.

D) XOR gate.

Answer: C

What is the difference between an ALU and an FPU?

A) An ALU operates on floating-point numbers, while an FPU operates on integer binary numbers.

B) An ALU is a fundamental building block of many types of computing circuits, while an FPU is not.

C) An ALU performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers, while an FPU
operates on floating-point numbers.

D) An ALU has a variety of input and output nets, while an FPU does not.

Answer: C

What are the inputs to an ALU?

A) Operands and a code indicating the operation to be performed.

B) Status inputs and outputs.

C) Opcode and data buses.

D) Transistor switches.

Answer: A
What is the function of an opcode in an ALU?

A) To convey to the ALU an operation selection code.

B) To convey information about a previous operation.

C) To convey information about the current operation.

D) To control the flow of data in the ALU.

Answer: A

What is the maximum number of different operations that can be specified by a four-bit opcode?

A) 2

B) 4

C) 8

D) 16

Answer: D

How does an ALU operate?

A) Asynchronously in response to input changes.

B) Synchronously in response to input changes.

C) By controlling the flow of data in a computer.

D) By storing data in a computer.

Answer: A

What is the purpose of an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)?

A) To perform arithmetic and logic operations

B) To store data

C) To load instructions

D) To move data between registers

Answer: A
What type of circuit is an ALU?

A) Analog

B) Digital

C) Mechanical

D) Chemical

Answer: B

What is a register?

A) A small amount of storage available as part of a CPU

B) A type of CPU

C) A type of operating system

D) A type of software

Answer: A

What is the role of the control unit (CU) in a CPU?

A) To perform arithmetic and logic operations

B) To store data

C) To load instructions

D) To move data between registers

Answer: C

Which type of operation is NOT a logic operation?

A) Addition

B) Subtraction

C) Multiplication

D) Division

Answer: A
Which type of gate produces a 1 if either the first or the second input is a 1?

A) NOT gate

B) AND gate

C) OR gate

D) XOR gate

Answer: C

What is the output of an XOR gate if both inputs are 1?

A) 0

B) 1

C) Either 0 or 1, depending on the design of the gate

D) Undefined

Answer: A

What type of numbers are operated on by an ALU?

A) Floating point

B) Binary integers

C) Decimal integers

D) Hexadecimal integers

Answer: B

What are the inputs to an ALU?

A) Output and status

B) Operands and opcode

C) Control signals and status

D) Opcode and output

Answer: B

What is the result of an ALU operation?

A) Opcode

B) Status

C) Operands

D) Output

Answer: D

What are the three parallel data buses in a basic ALU?

A) A, B, and Y

B) A, B, and C

C) X, Y, and Z

D) X, Y, and A

Answer: A

What is an opcode?

A) An input bus in an ALU

B) An output bus in an ALU

C) A code indicating the operation to be performed by an ALU

D) A code indicating the status of an ALU

Answer: C

What is the maximum number of different operations an ALU can perform with a four-bit opcode?

A) 2

B) 4

C) 8

D) 16

Answer: D
How do ALUs change their outputs?

A) Synchronously

B) Asynchronously

C) Stochastically

D) Deterministically

Answer: B

What is the role of external circuitry in controlling an ALU?

A) To stabilize input signals

B) To sample the ALU result

C) To ensure sufficient time for signals to propagate through the ALU

D) All of the above

Answer: D
What is Arduino?

A. A programming language

B. A software application

C. A microcontroller platform

D. A sensor device

Answer: C

What is the main purpose of Arduino?

A. To control and monitor electronic devices

B. To display graphics on a screen

C. To connect to the internet

D. To play music

Answer: A

Which of the following is a popular Arduino board?

A. Raspberry Pi

B. BeagleBone Black

C. Arduino Uno

D. NVIDIA Jetson

Answer: C

What does the microcontroller on an Arduino board do?

A. Processes data and executes instructions

B. Displays output on a screen

C. Connects to the internet

D. Collects sensor data

Answer: A
 introduction to arduino and parts and its function

What is the purpose of the USB port on an Arduino board?

A. To power the board

B. To program the board

C. To connect sensors to the board

D. To display output on a screen

Answer: B

Which of the following is a type of digital pin on an Arduino board?

A. PWM

B. Analog

C. SPI

D. I2C

Answer: A

What does the acronym PWM stand for?

A. Pulse Width Modulation

B. Programmed Waveform Module

C. Power Wattage Management

D. Pressure Wave Modulation

Answer: A

What is the function of an analog pin on an Arduino board?

A. To connect digital devices

B. To measure analog signals

C. To output analog signals

D. To power the board

Answer: B
Which component on an Arduino board provides power to the board?

A. Voltage regulator

B. Microcontroller

C. USB port

D. Digital pins

Answer: A

What is the purpose of a breadboard?

A. To program an Arduino board

B. To power an Arduino board

C. To connect sensors to an Arduino board

D. To prototype electronic circuits

Answer: D

Which programming language is used to program Arduino?

A. Python

B. Java

C. C++

D. JavaScript

Answer: C

What is the maximum voltage that can be applied to an analog pin on an Arduino board?

A. 3.3V

B. 5V

C. 9V

D. 12V

Answer: B

What is the function of a resistor?

A. To increase voltage

B. To decrease voltage

C. To control current flow

D. To generate heat

Answer: C

Which of the following is a commonly used sensor with Arduino?

A. Accelerometer

B. GPS

C. Camera

D. Microphone

Answer: A

What is the purpose of a servo motor?

A. To generate sound

B. To control temperature

C. To move mechanical parts

D. To detect motion

Answer: C

What is the main microcontroller used in Arduino boards?

A) Atmel AVR

B) ARM Cortex-M

C) PIC

D) Intel 8051

Answer: A) Atmel AVR

Which of the following is NOT a type of Arduino board?

A) Arduino Uno

B) Arduino Mega
C) Arduino Nano

D) Raspberry Pi

Answer: D) Raspberry Pi

What is the primary language used to program Arduino boards?

A) Python

B) C++

C) Java

D) JavaScript

Answer: B) C++

Which of the following is used to upload a program to an Arduino board?

A) IDE

B) Compiler

C) Debugger

D) Interpreter

Answer: A) IDE

Which Arduino board has built-in Wi-Fi connectivity?

A) Arduino Uno

B) Arduino Mega

C) Arduino Nano

D) Arduino MKR1000

Answer: D) Arduino MKR1000

Which Arduino board is designed for wearable electronics?

A) Arduino Lilypad

B) Arduino Due

C) Arduino Micro
D) Arduino Leonardo

Answer: A) Arduino Lilypad

What is the maximum number of analog input pins on an Arduino Uno?

A) 4

B) 6

C) 8

D) 10

Answer: D) 10

Which of the following is NOT a type of digital I/O pin on an Arduino board?

A) PWM

B) TX/RX

C) SPI

D) Analog

Answer: D) Analog

What is the function of a voltage regulator on an Arduino board?

A) Regulates the voltage output of the USB port

B) Regulates the voltage input from a battery or power supply

C) Regulates the voltage output of the microcontroller

D) Regulates the voltage input from the analog sensors

Answer: B) Regulates the voltage input from a battery or power supply

Which of the following is used to reset an Arduino board?

A) Pressing the reset button

B) Unplugging the board and plugging it back in

C) Uploading a new sketch

D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

 arduino program structure discussion

What is the main function in an Arduino program?

A) loop()

B) setup()

C) main()

D) init()

Answer: B) setup()

Which Arduino function is called repeatedly in a loop?

A) loop()

B) setup()

C) main()

D) init()

Answer: A) loop()

Which of the following statements is true regarding the order of execution in an Arduino program?

A) setup() is executed before loop()

B) loop() is executed before setup()

C) setup() and loop() are executed in parallel

D) There is no fixed order of execution in an Arduino program

Answer: A) setup() is executed before loop()

Which of the following statements is true about the void keyword in Arduino programming?

A) It is used to indicate the function returns a value

B) It is used to indicate the function takes an argument

C) It is used to indicate the function does not return a value

D) It is used to indicate the function is only called once

Answer: C) It is used to indicate the function does not return a value

Which Arduino function is responsible for initializing the board and any connected hardware?

A) loop()

B) setup()

C) main()

D) init()

Answer: D) init()

Which of the following is true about the pinMode() function in Arduino programming?

A) It sets the mode of a pin as input or output

B) It sets the voltage level of a pin

C) It sets the frequency of a pin

D) It sets the duration of a pin

Answer: A) It sets the mode of a pin as input or output

What is the purpose of the delay() function in Arduino programming?

A) It pauses the program for a specified amount of time

B) It sets the speed of execution of the program

C) It repeats a function a specified number of times

D) It sets the pin mode of a pin

Answer: A) It pauses the program for a specified amount of time

What is the purpose of the analogRead() function in Arduino programming?

A) It reads the voltage level of a digital pin

B) It reads the voltage level of an analog pin

C) It sets the voltage level of an analog pin

D) It sets the mode of an analog pin

Answer: B) It reads the voltage level of an analog pin

Which of the following is true about the serial communication in Arduino programming?

A) It is a one-way communication from the computer to the board

B) It is a one-way communication from the board to the computer

C) It is a two-way communication between the board and the computer

D) It is a two-way communication between the board and other external devices

Answer: C) It is a two-way communication between the board and the computer

Which of the following is true about the digitalRead() function in Arduino programming?

A) It reads the voltage level of a digital pin

B) It reads the voltage level of an analog pin

C) It sets the voltage level of a digital pin

D) It sets the voltage level of an analog pin

Answer: A) It reads the voltage level of a digital pin

What is the purpose of the void setup() function in an Arduino program?

A. To initialize any necessary hardware and settings

B. To define global variables for the program

C. To loop through a set of instructions continuously

D. None of the above

Answer: A

Which Arduino programming structure is used to repeatedly execute a block of code while a certain
condition is met?

A. if/else statement

B. for loop

C. while loop

D. switch/case statement

Answer: C
What is the purpose of the void loop() function in an Arduino program?

A. To initialize any necessary hardware and settings

B. To define global variables for the program

C. To loop through a set of instructions continuously

D. None of the above

Answer: C

Which statement in the Arduino programming structure allows for multiple conditions to be checked
against a variable?

A. if statement

B. else if statement

C. switch statement

D. for loop

Answer: B

What is the purpose of the pinMode() function in an Arduino program?

A. To define the input/output state of a pin on the Arduino board

B. To define the baud rate for serial communication

C. To define the sampling rate for analog input

D. None of the above

Answer: A

Which function is used to read a digital input pin on the Arduino board?

A. analogRead()

B. digitalRead()

C. pinMode()

D. digitalWrite()

Answer: B
Which statement in the Arduino programming structure is used as a catch-all for any conditions that
were not met in previous if/else if statements?

A. if statement

B. else if statement

C. else statement

D. for loop

Answer: C

Which Arduino programming structure is used to execute a block of code a specific number of times?

A. if/else statement

B. for loop

C. while loop

D. switch/case statement

Answer: B

What is the purpose of the analogWrite() function in an Arduino program?

A. To write a digital value to an output pin on the Arduino board

B. To read an analog input value from a pin on the Arduino board

C. To write an analog value to an output pin on the Arduino board

D. None of the above

Answer: C

Which function is used to write a digital output value to a pin on the Arduino board?

A. analogWrite()

B. digitalRead()

C. pinMode()

D. digitalWrite()

Answer: D