1.For me it would be Nationalism. Why?

As they say his works such as the Noli Me Tangere

and El Filibusterismo has opened up and awakened Filipinos Nationalism as he exposed the
corruption and wrongdoings of government officials as well as the Spanish friars. He saw the
many injustices suffered by his fellow Filipinos: they depended on the religious corporations
or on big landowners, for land to till, or for their living; people were afraid of airing their
grievances or of talking or protesting against the friars or the government, in short, there was
no real freedom of the press or speech. For him, "the pen was mightier than the sword." Most
of his writings, both in his essays and editorials, centered on individual rights and freedom,
specifically for the Filipino people.

2.For me the Spanish Occupation era during 1521-1898 even though the term Nationalism for
Filipinos gained traction during the 1760's there were terms the Spaniards born in the
Philippines, who were more known as insulares, criollos, or Creoles, were also called
"Filipinos." Spanish-born Spaniards or mainland Spaniards residing in the Philippines were
referred to as Peninsulares. Those of mixed ancestry were referred to as Mestizos. Even
those Spaniards born here considered themselves as Filipinos so it shows that whatever
nationality you are you can claim to be a Filipino if your heart says so.

3.Pre-Colonial Philippines was already a Nation as back then before Occupation and
Colonization the Pre-Colonial Filipino's has enjoyed many opportunities that were lessen or
remove when the Spanish ruled like Women enjoyed equal status with men, Society was
more tolerant in pre-colonial Philippines, the people enjoyed a higher form of government,
we were self-sufficient and already had an advanced civilization.