SHS Final exam 20-21 and revision of 21-22 Solutio

Section A
Q.1.A.
i) Liver
ii) Gall bladder
iii) alkaline
iv) bilirubin
v) biliverdin
Q.1.B.
i) Glenoid cavity
ii) hair papilla
iii) tidal volume
iv) hilum
v) fruit
Q.1.C.
i) Thiobacillus denitrificans
ii) Pepsin
iii) maize
iv) blood
v) ray florets of sunflower
Q.1.D.
i) ossein
ii) curcuminous gland
iii) golgi apparatus
iv) goitre
v) femur
Q.1.E.
i) Pancreas is an abdominal organ located behind the stomach and surrounded by spleen, liver
and small intestine.
ii) Meibomian glands are oil glands along the edge of the eyelids where the eyelashes are found.
iii) below the cotyledons (seed leaves) and above the radicle (root).
iv) It is located in the occipital bone in the brain separating the brain and spinal cord.
v) Collenchyma is found in the leaf stalks,below the epidermis of leaves and stems of
herbaceous dicotyledonous plants.
Q.1.F.
i) Prevent food from going into windpipe
ii) increase the surface area for absorption of the digested food.
iii) aids the passage of food and waste products through the gut.
iv) absorbs water and helps in seed germination.
v) helps in the growth and the elongation of root and shoot.
Q.1.G.
i) odd - vitamin c, category - fat soluble vitamin
ii) odd - ringworm, category - bacterial diseases
iii) odd - jejunum, category - parts of large intestine
iv) odd - sieve tube, category - parts of xylem
v) odd - marasmus, category - vitamin deficiency diseases
Q.1.H.
i) starch
ii) gastric juice
iii) walls of alimentary canal
iv) coleorhiza
v) squamous epithelial tissue
Section B
Q.2.A.
i) Hypoxia is a medical condition wherein the body or any tissue is deprived of oxygen.
ii) Peristalsis is defined as the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the
alimentary canal which pushes the food along the gut.
iii) Monoecious plants are plants that have both male and female sexual organs or flowers.
iv) Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration. 
v) Triple fusion is the fusion of the male gamete with two polar nuclei inside the embryo sac of
the angiosperm.
Q.2.B.
i) Nose breathing is more beneficial than mouth breathing. Breathing through your nose can
help filter out dust and allergens, boost your oxygen uptake, and humidify the air you breathe in.
Mouth breathing, on the other hand, can dry out your mouth. This may increase your risk of bad
breath and gum inflammation.
ii) Oil glands get stimulated when hormones become active during puberty. That's why people
are likely to get acne in their teens.
iii) The leguminous plant increases the soil ripeness due to the Rhizobium bacteria in the root
knobs of the plants. These microscopic bacteria changes over atmospheric nitrogen to a shape
which can be utilized by plants. This reduces the nitrogen deficiency in the soil and makes it
abundant.
iv) Mitochondria are tiny organelles inside cells that are involved in releasing energy from food.
This process is known as cellular respiration.
v) The teeth in human beings arise in two sets i.e. deciduous or milk teeth in the early age, which
are replaced by the permanent teeth later on. Such teeth which arise in two sets are called
diphyodont teeth.
Q.3.A.
i) Glycolysis - Cytoplasm, Kreb's cycle - Mitochondria
ii) Protandrous refers to stamens developing, or pollen release occurring, prior to the maturation
of carpels or stigmas being receptive. Protogynous is the reverse, with carpels or stigmas
developing before stamens mature or pollen is released.
iii)
iv) Beri beri - deficiency of Vitamin B1
Rickets - deficiency of Vitamin D
v) Ball and socket joint - shoulder joint
Hing joints - knee joints
Q.3.B.
i) A - stomach, B - Liver, C - Gall bladder, D - Duodenum, E - Pancreas, F - Small intestine, G -
Rectum(Large intestine)
ii) Liver - Carries out metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It produces and excretes
bile.
Rectum - Rectum acts as a temporary storage site for undigested food. It has voluntary smooth
muscles that remove the faeces out of the body through the anus.
iii) As HCl is a strong acid, it will kill most of the bacteria present in the food. The other main
function is to convert pepsinogen into pepsin.
iv) Lipase and Trypsin
v) The partially digested food with gastric juice is called chyme. This is the thick and acidic
semi-fluid that is transported from the stomach to the small intestine.
Q.4.A.
i) Chloroplast
ii) Xylem parenchyma
iii) Perianth
iv) Axis
v) Haemopoiesis
vi) Nitrification
vii) Pyruvate
viii) alveoli
ix) stapes
x) Malacophilous
Q.4.B.
i) Incisor, Cutting and Biting
ii) 1 - Enamel, 2 - Dentine, 3 - Pulp
iii) acrodont is having teeth immovably united to the top of the alveolar ridge while thecodont is
(anatomy) having the teeth inserted in sockets in the alveoli of the jaws.
iv) The dental formula for a modern human adult is 2:1:2:3 in each quadrant: two incisors, one
canine, two premolars, and three molar, for a total of 32 adult teeth.
v) The teeth of mammals are modified according to their dietary habits and evolved from one
generation to another. The herbivores have grinding teeth but the carnivorous have long incisors
for tearing flesh.
Q.5.A.
i) 1 - Epidermis, 2 - sebaceous gland, 3 - sweat gland, 4 - Subcatenou layer, 5 - Shaft
ii) secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals.
iii) stratum lucidum
iv) The basal cell layer is also known as the stratum germinativum due to the fact that it is
constantly germinating (producing) new cells.
v) Albinism - Melanocytes are available all through the skin yet they don't deliver the shade
melanin.
Leucoderma - Melanocytes are wrecked by the invulnerable framework steadily prompting
sketchy skin. So melanocytes are missing or decreased in them
Q.5.B.
i) The mechanism of breathing involves two main processes: inspiration and expiration.
Inspiration occurs when the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract. Expiration
occurs when the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax.
ii) The 80 bones of the axial skeleton form the vertical axis of the body. They include the bones
of the head, vertebral column, ribs and breastbone or sternum.
iii) It provides pigmentation for the cells, melanin also absorbs harmful UV rays and protects
against cellular damage from UV light exposure
Q.6.A.
i) To prove that carbon dioxide is given out in the process of respiration.
ii) This is because soda lime has a tendency to absorb CO2 present in air.
iii) in bottle B lime water remains same but in bottle D lime water turns milky.
→
iv) C6H12O6 (glucose) 2 C2H5OH (ethanol) + 2 CO2 (carbon dioxide) + energy.
Q.6.B.
Q.6.C.
After fertilization ovule converts into seed and calyx falls off.