Organisms Causing Parasitic Diseases

Parasitic human diseases can be caused by different organisms, including protozoa, helminths
(worms), ectoparasites, and arthropods. Let's explore four such microorganisms that can lead to
human parasitic diseases.

Infected mosquitoes transmit Plasmodium ssp., a life-threatening malaria disease common in

tropical regions. It leads to fever, chills, anemia, and organ damage by invading and multiplying
red blood cells.

Giardia intestinalis is another organism that causes an intestinal infection called giardiasis.
Consumption of infected food or water is how it is spread. Once consumed, it colonizes the small
intestines and causes weight loss, diarrhea, and stomach discomfort.

Ascaris lumbricoides is a roundworm that causes parasitic diseases in humans. Infection occurs
by ingesting eggs found in soil contaminated with human feces. The larvae hatch in the small
intestine, migrate through organs, reach the lungs, and are coughed up and swallowed back into
the intestines. Ascaris infections can lead to abdominal discomfort, malnutrition, and bowel
obstruction.

Lastly, Pediculus humanus capitis, or head lice, are ectoparasitic insects that infest the scalp and
feed on human blood. Head lice are typically transmitted through direct contact or sharing
personal items such as combs or hats. Infestations lead to intense itching, scalp irritation, and the
presence of lice eggs (nits) attached to the hair shafts.

PCR for amplifying and identifying parasite genetic material, serological tests for detecting
antibodies, and microscopic examination of stool samples are some of the laboratory processes
used to diagnose intestinal parasitic infections.

To recap, parasitic disorders that affect people are caused by various species, including protozoa,
helminths, ectoparasites, and arthropods. Different organisms utilize diverse pathways to invade
the host, including ingestion, transmission via vectors, or direct contact. Laboratory diagnosis of
intestinal parasitic infections can be achieved through microscopic examination, serological tests,
and molecular techniques such as PCR.