1

Anja Strydom
2019329701
EBUS Indiv idual Portfolio part 2
May 2023
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Contents
Crea tivity and gene ra ting new bus iness ideas ..............................3
Question 1 .................................................................................3
Question 2 .................................................................................4
Opp ortun ity recogn ition and eva lua tion and Bus iness s ta rt -up ......6
Question 1 .................................................................................6
Question 2 .................................................................................7
E-commerce opportunities and Family Businesses .......................8
Question 1 .................................................................................7
Question 2 …………………………………………………………………………….8
F R AN C H I S I N G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
Question 1 ............................................................................... 11
Reference list .......................................................................... 14
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Creativity and generating new business ideas

Questio n 1

1.1 C rea t iv it y is th ink ing and p roduc ing som eth ing com p le te ly n e w
wh ils t innov at ion is the p rocess o f im p lem ent ing a s ign if ic ant
imp rov ement to an e xisting o r ne w p roduc t tha t h as a pos itiv e
con t r ibut ion to gov ernm ent , bus iness o r soc iet y. (Na im an , 2014 )
1.2 Bo th c rea t iv it y and innov at ion ar e v er y im p or tan t , ho wev er
c rea t iv it y is m or e im p or tan t than innov at ion b ecause th ere
canno t be an y innov at io n wit hout cre at iv it y. C rea t iv it y is a ls o
described as the most crucia l factor for future success. In a
wo r ld whe re the re is cons tan t r ap id change happen ing , the re is a
need fo r cr eat iv it y to p rev ent s tagna t ion , to he lp lead to ne w and
in nov at iv e des ig ns/p roduc ts as we ll a s innov at iv e so lu t ions to
so lv e com p le x p rob lem s. C re a t iv it y is a v er y im p or tan t aspec t of
p rob lem so lv ing. C rea t iv it y a lso g iv es us com pe t it iv e adv antage
because artificial intelligence cannot copy our human
pe rspec t iv e , e xp er t ise , in tu it io n and c rea t iv it y th at o r ig ina tes
from experience , expertise and human emotions suc h as
empathy.
1.3 Ye s , I a gre e wit h the st atem en t t ha t cre at iv it y is the m ost c ruc ial
f ac to r fo r fut ure success beca use c rea t iv it y is a hum an qua lit y
that cannot be easily replicated by artificial intelligence. In the
21 St Cen tu ry the wo rld is cons tan tly ch ang ing a nd the re is a
definite need for businesses to keep up with the new modern
t im es . Th is can be done th rough t h ink ing o f innov at iv e des igns ,
c rea t iv e so lu t ions t o com p le x prob lem s and im p lem ent ing ne w
s t rat eg ies to com m unic ate wit h cus tom ers . Th is c an o n ly be done
when the re is a n as pect o f c rea tiv it y inv o lv ed th ere fo re c rea t iv ity
is ke y to su rv iv al in the 21 s t cent u r y.
1.4 Discovery Skill 1: Associating :
Th is st ep wou ld inv o lv e b r ing in g t oge the r p eop le re la ted and
un re la ted to the issue , t h is peop le can inc lude s tuden ts ,
in nov at iv e ent rep rene urs , un iv er s it y pe rsonne l, and pub lic
t r anspo r t p rov ide rs .
D iscov er y Sk ill 2 : Ques t ion in g :
Th is step enta ils ask ing questions such as “wha t if ”, “wh y no t ”,
“ wh y? ” to the peo p le b rough t toge the r du r ing the f irs t s tep to
gene ra te v ar ious c onst ra in ts , li m ita t io ns, op t ions and im ag inable
so lu t io ns.
Discovery Skill 3: Observing :
Th is st ep wou ld inc lude obse rv ing wha t o the r stu dents a re
cu r ren t ly do ing to so lv e the p rob lem o f pub lic t ranspo r t to
cam pus, look ing a t wha t o the r un iv e rs it ies , pub lic t ranspo r t
com pan ies a s we ll a s an y oth er s im ila r ins t itu t ions a re do ing wit h
r ega rds to t ranspo r t re la ted issues .
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D iscov ery Sk ill 4 : Ne two rk ing :

Du r ing th is s tep peop le wit h d if fe ren t id eas a nd pers pect iv es wil l
com e toge the r to br a ins to rm and f in d innov at iv e wa ys to poss ibly
so lv e t h is p rob lem , for e xam p le a m eet ing wit h u n iv ers it y
pe rsonne l and pub lic t ranspo r t p rov ide rs to poss ib ly set up an
ag reem ent tha t en ta ils lo we r cos ts fo r s tuden ts if the y use the
spec if ic t ranspo r t p rov ide r e tc .
D iscov er y Sk ill 5 : E xpe r im en t ing :
Du r ing th is s tep the poss ib le solu t ions wil l b e tes ted and
im p lem ented to de te rm ine whe the r t he y are e f fec t iv e as we ll a s
adj us tm ents will b e m ade to the p rov ided , e xp er im ente d so lu t ions
in or der to f ind the bes t poss ib le so lu t ion e .g . p rov id ing U FS
s tuden ts with a pub lic transp ort ca rd wh ich can be used to ge t
t r anspo r t to cam pus a t a d iscoun ted p r ic e an d the un iv e rs it y wil l
pa y a pe rcen tage o f the d iscount g iv en b y the pub lic t ranspo r t
p rov ide r back to the com pany/ logg ing t ranspo rt use d b y each
s tuden t on a s ystem in o rde r to p rov ide an ov erv ie w to the
un iv e rs it y and pub lic t ransp or t p rov ide r.

Questio n 2

2.1. My sco re was 48 . It lie s in -be tween 37 -58 wh ich m eans m y

c rea t iv it y is a “ wo rk in pro gress ” . ( Mind too ls .com , 2023 ) I was
adv ised to focus on s t re tch ing m yse lf , to te ll o the r peop le abou t
m y ideas and pe rspec t iv es and ask them ho w the y v ie w t he ir
p rob lem s. I n eed to adop t a co llabo ra t iv e app roach t o p rob lem
f in d in g a nd wo rk ac t iv e ly wit h o the r ind iv idua ls to be ab le to
c rea te and in nov ate.
2.2 B reak ing Old Th ink ing Pa tte rns :
W hen th ink ing o f an ent rep reneu r ia l v entu re , th is app roach can
be used to dev e lop ne w and fr esh ideas . B y ch a lleng ing you r
assum pt ions you fo rce you rse lf t o t h ink o f ne w wa ys to dea l wit h
som eth ing you assum ed wou ld be a p rob le m . Th rough r eph ras ing
the problem you can unlock new solutions by jus t adjusting the
wa y you look a t the p rob lem. Thin k ing in rev erse can he lp you
f lip t he p rob lem and he lp you f ind ne w innov at iv e so lu t ions
because you a re f ind in g ne w ways to hand le the is sue .
Making new connections:
Th is app roach is mak ing n e w and une xpec ted connec tions . The re
a re v ar io us wa ys of e xecu t ing th is st ra teg y inc lud ing rand om
wo rds whe re you p ick a wo rd and look fo r an y assoc ia tion
be tween the wo rd and you r p roblem , for e xam p le if you are
lo ok ing fo r a so lu t ion on ho w to com m un icat e e f f ic ient ly be t ween
the v entu re and supp lie rs and you choose the wo rd “write ” it can
p rom pt the idea of a lwa ys keep ing cop ies o f the com m un ica t ion
be t ween the v entu re and supp lie r in w r it in g.
Ge t t ing f resh pe rspec t iv es :
Th is st ep enta ils lo ok ing a t a p rob lem o r idea th roug h “ f resh
e yes ” , ge tt ing the pe rspec t iv es o f o the r ind iv idua ls tha t is n ot
necessa r ily d ir ec t ly re la ted to the v entu re m ay su rp r ise you and
gu ide you to ne w id eas fo r e xam p le ta lk ing to an int er io r
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des igne r m igh t he lp you so lv e the issue r ega rd in g the co lou r of

you venture ’s logo and website because interior designers have a
lo t o f kno wledge on what co lou rs fit wha t type of env ir onm ent
best.
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Opportunity recognition and evaluation and Bus iness

start-up

Questio n 1

1.1 The ro le of cogn it iv e b ias and heu r ist ics is v er y im po r tan t when
conduc t ing an oppo r tun it y ana lys is and b y focuss ing on av o id ing
com m on cogn it iv e b ias and heu ris t ics , Pau l can act ua lly se t h is
bus iness up for success fo r t h is wil l le ad t o Pau l cond u ct ing
p rope r resea rch , hav ing the co r rec t in fo rm at ion and poss ib ly
id en tifying fu ture p rob lem s h e m ig h t face as we ll a s ho w to de a l
wit h th ese prob lem s. Th is inc lu des :
Overconfidence bias:
Th is refe rs to when peop le hav e e xcess iv e con f idenc e is the ir
o wn a b il it ie s , kno wledge and sk ills . Th is can be r eso lv ed th rough
ga the r ing fac ts and do ing p roper r esearc h b efo re m ak ing a
decision.
Illusion of control:
Th is can be he lpfu l in oppo rt un it y ev aluat ion whe n Pau l dec ides
to re ly on ou ts ide and e xpe rt in fo rm ation rather tha n h is o wn , he
can ask o the r bus in ess o wne rs/ bake r y o wne rs abou t the ir
bus iness and wh ich p rocesses / supp lie rs the y use in o rde r to fo rm
a conclusion.
Planning fallacy:
Pau l can av o id becom ing a v ic t im o f p lann ing fa lla c y b y do ing a
p rope r inv est iga t ion be fo rehand. Th is can inc lude us ing the da ta
f r om pas t s im ila r bus inesses to com p ile a p rope r and rea lis t ic
es t im a te o f the t im e and cos ts tha t will b e needed fo r th e b akery.
Ano the r m ethod to av o id p la nn ing fa llac y is f or Pau l t o hav e h is
ga the red inf orm a t ion check ed by an e xpe r t who is no t d ir ect ly
inv o lv ed in the bus iness .
Availability Heuristic:
Th is can be p rev ented b y av o id ing to m ake im pu ls iv e d ec is ions ,
Pau l needs to be su re tha t he is cons tan t l y m ak ing we ll - in f orm ed
dec is ions . Thro ugh wa tch in g ove ra ll pa t te rns and tre nds, Pa u l
can dec ide wh ich p roduc ts to “prio ritis e ” in the bake ry fo r
e xam p le o f “b ir thda y b ro wn ies ” a re tre nd in g, Pau l shou ld se ll
birthday brownies. (Betterup.com, 2021)
1.2 Pe rsona l com m itm ent and inv o lvem ent o f the ent rep ren eur :
Pau l is s ta r t ing th is v entu re fo r h im se lf and will b e pe rsona lly
inv o lv ed in th e bake r y, Pau l is als o comm it ted to m ak ing a
success of the bakery. Showing venture capitalist that he will be
com m it ted and fu lly inv o lv ed in t he bus iness will im p ress v enture
capitalists.
Kno wled ge and e xpe r ienc e :
Pau l r ecen t ly ob ta ine d h is BA deg ree a t th e UFS and t h is will
show venture capitalists that Paul has knowledge regarding
certain aspects of the business including managerial aspects as
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well as the fact that Paul will have done proper research about
the business.

Questio n 2

2.1 For-profit company, Paul will need to attrac t v enture c apitalis ts

for capital and the bakery will operate to generate a profit. Paul
will th e re fo re no t be the so le o wne r o f the bake ry.
2.2 Ye s , the Sou th A frican gov ernmen t does p rov ide s u ffic ient
suppo rt for en trep reneu rs . The Sou th A frican gov ernment
p rov ides suppo r t th rough g ran ts, ta x incen t iv es , loans and equ it y
f in ance op t ions . (S ME Sout h Af ric a , 2 023 )
2.3 Operating resources :
A bake r y runs th e r isk o f the ingr ed ien ts go in g pas t the ir use -b y
da te , a lack o f p rope r s tock / inven to r y and o the r b ak ing supp lie s
can result in the bakery not being abl e to supply the product .
Human resources:
A bake r y requ ir es a sk ille d bak er to p repa re the p roduc t , sh ou ld
Pau l’ s bake r y not em p lo y a bake r with the p rope r sk ills and
expertise to produce the des ired produc t, the quality and
standards of the goods produced by the bakery will not be
su f f ic ien t a nd the bake r y wil l n ot surv iv e in t he long run .
Financial resources :
The re is a lo t o f im p lic a t ion s invo lv ed shou ld th ere be a lack o f
f in anc ia l resou rces . In P au l ’s bake r y a lack o f f in anc ia l
r eso u rces wou ld nega t iv e ly in f luence the bake r y ’s a b ilit y t o h ir e
the sk illed personnel, purc hase inv entory/s tock and inev itably
result in the business not being able to function and generate a
profit.
Technological resources:
The lack o f techno log ica l r esou rces can inc lu de the lack o f
ene rg y -sav ing equ ipm ent such as ov ens, m ixe rs, re f r ig era to rs
e tc . Th is will n e gat iv e ly in f luence the bake r y because t h is will
r esu lt in a h igh e lec t r ic it y b ill w h ich will b e a b ig e xpense fo r the
business.
2.4 Pau l’ s bus iness is ope ra t ing in the re ta il in dus t r y bec ause the
p roduc ts that the bake ry is se lling a re d irec ted to wa rds
househ o ld use and the bus iness is a sm a ll en te rp r ise , re ta il is
a lso t he indus t r y in wh ich m ost en t rep reneu rs usua lly s ta r t the ir
ventures in.
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E-commerce opportunities and Family Bus inesses

Questio n 1
1.1 Swisslife -global.com. (2022). Breaking the third -generation
curse: fam ily business succession . [online] Available at:
h t tps :/ / www. s wiss lif e - g lo ba l.com /g loba l - p r iv ate -
wea lt h / resou rces / ins igh ts -gp w/ fam ily - bus iness -success ion -
planning.htm l [Accessed 15 May 2023].
This article found that fam ily businesses fail because they fail to
p rope r ly e xecu te succ ess ion p lann ing . The y a ls o found tha t th ird
gene ra tion fam ily bus iness fa ilure can be av oided when p rope r
success ion p lann ing is done and the re is an oppo r tun it y fo r
c rea t iv it y c rea ted b y the fam ily bus iness .
h ttps ://www.face book .com /Moneyweb (2022 ). W hy fam ily
bus inesses fa il . [on line ] Mon e yweb . Av a ilab le at:
h t tps :/ / www.m one yweb .co . za / f inanc ia l - adv is or -v ie ws / wh y - fam ily -
bus inesses -fa il/ [Accessed 15 Ma y 2023 ].
This article found that most family businesses fail because
structures with regards to shareholders and management
changes, this means non -fam ily members becomes p art of the
bus iness . The y a ls o m en t io n that it is im p or tan t fo r the fam ily
bus iness to sta te wha t the requ ir em ents m ust be to j o in the
bus iness . The fam ily bus iness shou ld d ra w a c lear lin e be tween
pe rs ona l f ina nce a nd bus in ess fin a nce and m anage it
acco rdingly.
1.2 K loppe rs goes on fam i ly re t rea ts to d iscuss bus iness m at te rs
every month.
1.3 No , the ch ild ren o f t he fam ily bus iness do no t a utom a t ica lly
becom e par t o f t he K lop pers bus iness . W iehan K loppe r was
asked to j o in the fam ily bus iness b y h is unc les wit h th e
in s truc t ion to sta r t the on line s to re . W iehan K loppe r st ud ie d a t
S te lle nbosch Un iv e rs it y and wo rked as a dev e lopm ent econom ist
f o r f iv e yea rs in P re to r ia be for e j o in in g the fam ily bus in ess. The
t h ird ge ner at ion o f t he K lop pers f am ily can be inv o lv ed in the
bus iness depend ing on the v a lue tha t e ach ind iv idua l m em ber
bring to the business. Some of the children have to start in the
warehouse and work their way up in th e business and they have
t o bu y in to the bus iness because the y a re n ot au tom at ica lly
shareholders in the business.
1.4 A lm os t a ll o f the d irec to rs a t K lopp e rs a re pa rt o f the f am ily. The
Kloppers directors include brothers Steva, W illem, Anton, their
mother Skat, Dirk, W oeter, Leon and honorary fam ily member,
F ilip Na ude. The re is on ly one d ir ec to r tha t is n ot a fam ily
member, the financial director.
1.5 K loppe rs unde res t im a ted Gqeber ha when e xpand ing .
1.6 One d iffe rence be tween fam ily bus inesses and o the r types o f
bus inesses is the o wners h ip whe re the fam ily g roup m ust o wn at
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le as t 20% o f the to ta l c om pany. One s im ila r it y be t ween fam ily

bus inesses and an y o the r t yp es o f bus inesses is tha t bo th are
o rgan iza t ions tha t a re ac t iv e ly engage d in econom ic ac t iv it y,
t h rough bu ying o r se ll in g a pro duc t o r se rv ice .

Questio n 2

2.1 No, Kloppers do not offer free delivery on all products. Kloppers
uses the free delivery strategy as a promotional tool and only
offer free deliv ery on promotion for example if you purchase
du r ing b lack F r ida y, K loppe rs will d e liv e r fo r f re e in the
Bloemfontein region.
2.2 The competitive advantage Kloppers possess in -store and online
is the ir g rea t c u ltu re o f c ustom er se rv ice as we ll a s the ir wid e
r ange o f p roduc ts rang ing f rom en t r y - lev e l p roduc ts t o lu xu r y
products.
2.3 N ike is im p lem en t ing a d ir ec t to consum er (D TC ) s t rat eg y.
2.4 The avenue Kloppers uses to ensure that their products appear
unde r the sea rch res u lts when a consum er sea rch es fo r a p roduc t
on lin e is SE M (se arch eng ine ma rke t ing) , K lopp e rs a re us ing
paid search marketing and they are paying GOOGLE to promote
their products.
2 .5 .1 Ye s , K loppe rs a llo w c red it pu rchases whe re you can pa y a
produc t in three zero interes t payments us ing Zero Fee (Zero
Pay).

Sou rce : K loppe rs .co . za. (2023 ) . P layS ta t io n 5 1T B D isc Add it io n

Bund le – K loppe rs . [on lin e ] Av a ila b le at :
https ://k loppers .co.za/product/plays tation -5 -1tb -disc-addition -
bund le / [Accessed 15 Ma y 2023 ].
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2 .5 .2 Ye s , the K loppe rs webpage can be cons ide red use r -friend ly

because it is eas y to use and nav iga te and t he webpage looks
professiona l.
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FRANCHISING

Questio n 1
1.1

EVALUATION SHEET OF SPAR

THE FRANCHISE ORGANISATION

Does the franchisor have a good track record?

Yes, the franchisor has a good track record because it has been in business for over
60 years and is present in 38 countries. (Spar.co.za, 2023)

Do the primary leaders of the franchise have expertise in the industry?

Yes, they also have specialist advisors and provide franchisees with a team to assist
them in training their staff in each department. (Spar.co.za, 2023)

Is the business in a good financial position?

Yes the business is in a good financial position with their turnover increasing by 7.8%
during the 18 week period that ended 28 January 2023.
(https://www.facebook.com/BusinessTechSA, 2022)

THE PRODUCT OR SERVICE

Is the product or service competitively priced?

Yes the product is competitively priced with Spar providing the fourth cheapest
household brand basket in 2022 when compared to other major retailers such as
Woolworths and Shoprite. (https://www.facebook.com/BusinessTechSA, 2022)
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THE MARKET

Is the competition strong?

The competition is strong, there is major competitors in the market including Shoprite,
Pick ‘n Pay, Woolworths etc. whom are all providing very competitive prices.
(https://www.facebook.com/BusinessTechSA, 2022)

THE CONTRACT

Are the initial fees associated with the franchise reasonable?

The initial fees associated with the Spar franchise are reasonable, because it is less
costly than the initial fees associated with other similar franchise brands like Pick ‘n
Pay. (Thompson, 2020)

FRANCHISOR SUPPORT

Does the franchisor provide ongoing training?

The franchisor does provide ongoing training, they provide the franchisee with a team
of skilled and trained specialists. Spar also provides a retailer support service to
franchisees. (Spar.co.za, 2023)

How strong are the franchisor’s advertising and promotional programs?

The franchisor has very strong advertising and promotional programs including in-
store promotions, online promotions, social media advertising. (SPAR, 2023)
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1 .2 .1 W hen o wn ing a Spa r franch ise , you will n o t dea l with the
d isadv antage o f lack o f independence becaus e yo u wil l n ot be
d ic tated to b y a co rpo ra te s truc t u re . You will b e a pa rtner and
hav e the fre edom o f c hoos ing you r o wn p roduc t r ange and a ls o
have input with regards to the pricing.
1.2.2 The disadvantage or possibility that the franchisee may still fail,
because o f cash f lo w prob lem s and /o r ine xpe r ie nce, is h igh ly
unlik ely to be experienced by a Spar franchisee b ecause Spar
p rov ides t he f ranch isee wit h a spec ia lis t t eam to ass is t the
f r anch isee when conduc t ing busin ess . Spa r a lso p rov ides a
r e ta ile r suppo r t se rv ice to ass ist th e f ranch isee in an y as pect of
the bus iness and therefore elim inates inexperience as a major
threat.
1.3 Based on the in form a t ion in 1 .1 , I wil l b u y a Spa r f ranch ise
because it is a we ll - k no wn bus iness tha t wil l b e ab le to p rov ide
and gu ide m e wit h spec ia lis t adv ice . Ano the r re ason tha t I wil l
bu y a Spa r fra nch ise is the fac t t ha t it is a fa ir ly p r iced f ranc h ise
wit h re asonab le in it ia l cos ts and it is sho wing an inc reas e in
financial growth in South Africa .
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Re ference li st
Betterup.com. (2021). The Cognitive Biases Caused by the Availability Heuristic. [online]
Available at: https://www.betterup.com/blog/the-availability-heuristic [Accessed 15 May
2023].

https://www.facebook.com/BusinessTechSA (2022a). Shopping price war 2022: Woolworths

vs Checkers vs Pick n Pay vs Spar vs Food Lovers. [online] Businesstech.co.za. Available at:
https://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/581196/shopping-price-war-2022-woolworths-vs-
checkers-vs-pick-n-pay-vs-spar-vs-food-lovers/ [Accessed 16 May 2023].

https://www.facebook.com/BusinessTechSA (2022b). South Africa’s biggest retailers:

Shoprite vs Woolworths vs Spar vs Pick n Pay. [online] Businesstech.co.za. Available at:
https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/613861/south-africas-biggest-retailers-shoprite-vs-
woolworths-vs-spar-vs-pick-n-pay-2/ [Accessed 16 May 2023].

https://www.facebook.com/BusinessTechSA (2022c). Spar shows growth despite challenging

conditions. [online] Businesstech.co.za. Available at:
https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/664693/spar-shows-growth-despite-challenging-
conditions/ [Accessed 16 May 2023].

https://www.facebook.com/Moneyweb (2022). Why family businesses fail. [online]

Moneyweb. Available at: https://www.moneyweb.co.za/financial-advisor-views/why-family-
businesses-fail/ [Accessed 15 May 2023].

https://www.facebook.com/TheFinanceGhost (2022). South African grocery market share -

Ghost Mail. [online] Ghost Mail. Available at: https://www.ghostmail.co.za/south-african-
grocery-market-share/ [Accessed 16 May 2023].

Kloppers.co.za. (2023). PlayStation 5 1TB Disc Addition Bundle – Kloppers. [online]

Available at: https://kloppers.co.za/product/playstation-5-1tb-disc-addition-bundle/
[Accessed 15 May 2023].

Mindtools.com. (2023a). MindTools | Home. [online] Available at:

https://www.mindtools.com/a57l978/how-creative-are-you [Accessed 15 May 2023].
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Mindtools.com. (2023b). MindTools | Home. [online] Available at:

https://www.mindtools.com/ak8yanc/new-ideas-strategies-and-techniques [Accessed 15 May
2023].

Naiman, L. (2014). What is Creativity? And why is it crucial for success? | Creativity at
Work. [online] Creativity at Work. Available at: https://www.creativityatwork.com/what-is-
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