Zondo Commission

The Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State

Capture, Corruption and Fraud in the Public Sector The Judicial Commission
including Organs of State, better known as the Zondo of Inquiry into Allegations
Commission or State Capture Commission, is a public inquiry of State Capture
established in January 2018 by former President Jacob Zuma to
investigate allegations of state capture, corruption, and fraud in the
public sector in South Africa.[2][3] By December 2020, the
commission had interviewed 278 witnesses and collected 159,109
pages and one exabyte of data as evidence.[4] After receiving five
extensions, the commission is expected to finalise its report by the
end of December 2021, with an official deadline of 1 January
2022.[5] The first part of the four-part report was published on 4
Date 21 August 2018 –
January 2022.[6][7] It has cost the state close to R1 billion, far more
than any prior South African judicial inquiry.[8] 1 January 2022
Location Johannesburg, South
Africa

Contents Also known Zondo Commission

as
History
Budget R 1 billion[1]
Areas of interest (equivalent to ~US$
Terms of reference 66 million)
Hearings
Participants Raymond Zondo
Allegations against Zuma
(chairperson)
Notable testimony
Website www.sastatecapture
State Security Agency
.org.za (https://www.s
Angelo Agrizzi
astatecapture.org.z
Nomvula Mokonyane
a/)
Dudu Myeni
Athol Williams
Jacob Zuma
Testimony
Contempt of court
Findings
Part 1
South African Airways
South African Revenue Service
Gupta family
African National Congress
Part 2: Transnet
Part 3: Bosasa
Part 4
See also
References
External links
External links

History
In 2016, the Public Protector, Thuli Madonsela, launched an investigation into state capture after receiving
formal complaints from Stanislaus Muyebe of the Dominican Order of Southern Africa,[9] another member
of the public, and leader of the opposition Mmusi Maimane.[10] In November 2017, the publication of the
report of her investigation, titled State of Capture, caused a major scandal. The report implicated Zuma and
other state officials in improper relationships with the Gupta family, among other improprieties, and
recommended that Zuma should appoint a commission of inquiry into state capture.[11][10] Zuma sought to
have Madonsela's findings overturned in the High Court, but the court dismissed his application, finding
that the Public Protector's recommendation was binding and that Zuma had to appoint a commission of
inquiry within 30 days. At the instruction of the court, it was Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng who
selected the chairperson of the inquiry, Deputy Chief Justice Raymond Zondo.[3] Zondo is assisted by
several other full-time officials, including former Auditor-General Terence Nombembe at the head of the
investigations team,[12] and Frank Dutton, who served as lead investigator until his death in January
2022.[13]

The commission was established in January 2018 but did not hold its first hearing until August 2018, by
which time Zuma had resigned and been replaced by President Cyril Ramaphosa.[11] Following a series of
extensions, it concluded its hearings in August 2021 with testimony from Ramaphosa. However, on 29
September, the Pretoria High Court granted the commission another three-month extension, which expired
at the end of December 2021.[8] Minister of Justice and Correctional Services Ronald Lamola – whose
portfolio is responsible for financing the commission – lodged, and then withdrew, a legal challenge to the
application for an extension.[8] The commission delivered the third and final tranche of its findings on
March 1, 2022.

Areas of interest

Terms of reference

The commission was appointed under terms of reference which were flexible but which singled out for
investigation several issues, primarily arising from the State of Capture report and of varying degrees of
specificity. Thus the commission was to investigate whether:[14]

attempts had been made through inducements to influence members of the national
executive or other state functionaries, including whether the Gupta family had offered
cabinet positions to politicians Vytjie Mentor and Mcebisi Jonas;
the appointment of members of the national executive and office bearers had been disclosed
to the Gupta family or other unauthorised persons prior to the appointments being formally
made or announced;
the national executive or state functionaries had facilitated the unlawful awarding of tenders
by state entities to benefit the Gupta family or any other individuals or corporate entities;
 there had been corruption in the awarding of contracts and tenders by the 21 major state-
owned entities listed in Schedule 2 of the Public Finance Management Act;
there had been irregularities, undue enrichment, corruption, or undue influence in the
awarding of contracts, mining licenses, government advertising in the New Age newspaper,
and any other governmental services to the Gupta family;
any member of the national executive had improperly intervened in the matter of the closing
of banking facilities for Gupta-owned companies;
any advisers in the Ministry of Finance had been appointed without proper procedures,
including whether Minister Des van Rooyen's two senior advisers had been appointed
improperly;
there had been corruption in the awarding of contracts and tenders by government, and of
what nature and extent; and
in particular, whether the national executive or state functionaries had influenced the
awarding of tenders to benefit themselves, their families, or entities in which they held a
personal interest.

If irregularities were found, the Commission was also to investigate the extent to which the national
executive – including Zuma and the deputy ministers – had been responsible for them.[14]

Hearings

Most testimony given to the inquiry focused on corruption and

maladministration at state institutions during Zuma's administration
(2009–2018). Over 300 witnesses[8] testified, with revelations
including allegations about:

State capture by the Gupta brothers, including, through

their media enterprises,[15] contracts that companies
associated with the brothers received from state-owned
companies,[16][17][18] and controversy over a Air Force
Base Waterkloof incident;[19]
Deputy Chief Justice Raymond
Corruption and maladministration at the Vrede Dairy Zondo heading the Judicial
Project;[20] Commission of Inquiry into
Issues relating to lobbying to protect the pay-TV Allegations of State Capture on 17
monopoly of MultiChoice; [21][22] May 2019 as it was streamed live on
Payment of kickbacks to secure government contracts by TV.
EOH Group; [23][24]

The role of McKinsey & Company in facilitating large-

scale corruption by the Gupta brothers;[25]
The role of Bain & Company in helping to systematically de-capacitate the South African
Revenue Service;[26] and
Harassment and persecution faced by whistleblowers who helped expose corruption.[25]

During hearings on these sagas, the commission has heard extensive testimony about maladministration
and/or corruption at state-owned enterprises and state institutions including:

The state-owned rail monopoly Transnet;[27]

National energy utility Eskom;[17][28][29]
The state-owned defence conglomerate Denel;[30]
 The South African Broadcasting Corporation;[31]
The state-owned airline South African Airways;[32]
Law enforcement agencies, including the South African Police Service and the National
Prosecuting Authority;[33][34][35]
The South African Revenue Service;[36]
The State Security Agency;[37] and
The City of Johannesburg municipality.[23]

Allegations against Zuma

Several witnesses – according to the commission, more than 40 by February 2021[38] – personally
implicated Zuma in misconduct. For example:

Vytjie Mentor testified that in 2010, while Zuma was in a nearby room, the Gupta family had
offered to make her Minister of Public Enterprises if she cancelled the South African Airways
route to India, to the benefit of Jet Airways and Etihad Airways;[39]
Themba Maseko, former head of Government Communications and Information Systems,
testified that in 2010 Zuma had asked him to "help" the Gupta family, including by placing
government advertisements in the Gupta-owned New Age;[40]
Former Minister of Finance Nhlanhla Nene testified that in 2015, Zuma had scolded him for
not having finalised a R1.6-trillion nuclear deal with Russia, which Nene thought
exorbitantly expensive and which was ultimately approved by cabinet the same night that
Nene was fired;[40]
Former Minister of Public Enterprises Barbara Hogan testified that Zuma had attempted to
interfere in the appointment of chief executives at Transnet and Eskom, attempting to install
Siyabonga Gama and Jacob Maroga respectively;[40]
Angelo Agrizzi, former Bosasa chief of operations, testified that the Bosasa chief executive
Gavin Watson paid monthly R300,000 bribes to Zuma, and that Watson had hoped to lobby
Zuma to hire a new director at the National Prosecuting Authority ahead of investigations
into Bosasa;[40] and
Former ANN7 editor Rajesh Sundaram testified that Zuma – as well as his son Duduzane
Zuma, who had a financial interest in the Gupta-owned ANN7 – was closely involved in
ANN7 strategy and hoped to set ANN7 apart from eNCA, which he felt portrayed him and
the government negatively.[41]

Notable testimony
Many individuals have been summoned to testify before the Commission,[42] including former president
Jacob Zuma and other current and former government ministers and officials, as well as various business
executives. Those required to testify include Ben Ngubane, Mosebenzi Zwane, Barbara Hogan, Mcebisi
Jonas, Des van Rooyen, Nomvula Mokonyane, Vytjie Mentor, Pravin Gordhan, Sibongile Sambo, Job
Mokgoro and Angelo Agrizzi, among many others.

State Security Agency

Testimony given by multiple members of the South African State Security Agency (SSA) made national
headlines for the amount of state funds used irregularly, breadth of controversial clandestine activities, and
overt support the agency gave to president Zuma during his presidency. The acting director-general of the
SSA, Loyiso Jafta, testified that it was highly a politicised agency following its formation in 2009 and that
was used to improperly fund and support a number of African National Congress (ANC) political
activities.[37] This confirmed previous testimony given by the Former Chairperson of the High-Level Panel
of Review into the SSA, Sydney Mufamadi.[43] Jafter stated that at least R9 billion (roughly equivalent to
US$758.7 million) of the SAA's fixed assets were "not to be found and that R125-million could not be
accounted for in the 2017/18 financial year."[44] Prior to Jafta's testimony the Minister of State Security
Ayanda Dlodlo sought to muzzle Jafta arguing that it would endanger state security.[43]

Testimony given to the commission regarding the improper activities of the SSA state that:

The news wire service, African News Agency, was given R20 million in 2015/16 as part of a
state campaign to action a "media project aimed at 'countering negative local and
international perceptions of the country, Zuma and the SSA'".[45]
Then president Jacob Zuma was personally and improperly given millions of Rands in cash
from the SSA budget on a monthly basis between 2015 and 2017.[46]
SSA resources and intelligence were used to fight political battles within the ANC.[47] This
includes fighting against President Ramaphosa's 2017 ANC presidential campaign to
replace Zuma.[48]
SSA resources were used to enhance the electoral fortunes of the ANC.[49]
The SSA was used to spy on and neutralise civil society actives such as the Right2Know
campaign, Zuma Must Fall and Fees Must Fall movements.[48][50]
SSA resources were used to prevent investigations into state corruption and improper
activities within the SSA.[51]

Angelo Agrizzi

Bosasa COO Angelo Agrizzi made national headlines when he testified to the commission that the
company systematically gave substantial bribes to South African government officials to ensure that the
company received government contracts and was not investigated.[52][53][54][55] Agrizzi's testimony
implicated then President Zuma,[56] notable government minister Nomvula Mokonyane,[57] chairperson of
South African Airways Dudu Myeni,[58] and ANC politician Gwede Mantashe.[59]

Nomvula Mokonyane

Former minister of Water and Sanitation, Nomvula Mokonyane, was implicated in a number of allegations
of corruption during the commission.[25][60] This included testimony by Agrizzi that Mokonyane was paid
R50,000 (around US$3,500) a month for years to protect Bosasa from law enforcement agencies[60] and
that she received numerous 'gifts' from Bosasa such as expensive vehicles.[25] Mokonyane's testimony
before the commission was notable for its contradictory statements, the serious nature of the allegations
made against her, and the high profile it received in the media.[25]

Dudu Myeni

Dudu Myeni, a close associate of president Zuma, was implicated illegal activities when she was
chairperson of South African Airways.[32] When Myeni appeared before the commission on 5 November
2020 she repeatedly revealed the identity of a secret state witness, in violation of the terms set by the
Commission.[61] The witness had received anonymity as the commission had reason to believe that the
witness's life would be at risk if their identity was made public. This resulted in Judge Zondo requesting
that criminal charges be placed on Myeni.[62][63]

Athol Williams

Former Bain & Company partner, Athol Williams, testified for two days presenting evidence of the alliance
between Bain & Company, Jacob Zuma, Tom Moyane and others to plan the restructuring of numerous
state institutions. His testimony provided evidence of the premeditated plans to restructure South African
Revenue Service which led to its near collapse.[64][65][26][66] In November 2021, Williams published Deep
Collusion: Bain and the capture of South Africa which is based on his testimony.[67]

Jacob Zuma

Testimony

From 16 July 2019, Zuma testified before the Zondo Commission about his role in state capture and
corruption activities. On the first day of his testimony he claimed that there was a foreign-backed
conspiracy against him and that some of those testifying against him were apartheid-era spies.[68][69] Zuma
accused the Zondo Commission of being a tool to end his political career.[70] Zuma admitted to having a
friendly relationship with the Gupta brothers, but denied engaging in any corrupt activities.[70] Following
the first day of Zuma's testimony, the Democratic Alliance accused Zuma of trying to play the victim and
misleading the commission.[71]

During Zuma's second day of testimony, he claimed that he was the target of a suicide bombing
assassination attempt, the South African Police Service later stated that they were unaware of any such
event taking place.[72] Zuma controversially accused senior ANC member Ngoako Ramatlhodi of being a
spy involved in a conspiracy against him.[73] During the third day of Zuma's testimony he accused the
commission of being biased against him and threatened to withdraw his cooperation.[74] On the fourth day,
Zuma's legal team announced that it would be withdrawing from the commission,[75][76] but later the same
day announced that he had changed his mind and would return to give additional testimony at a later
date.[56]

Contempt of court

Following Zuma's testimony to the commission, South African media speculated that the chances of Zuma
being later charged and convicted for crimes committed during his administration or for giving false
testimony to the commission had increased.[77][78] On 11 October 2019, a South African high court denied
Zuma a motion to strike down 16 criminal charges of fraud, racketeering and money laundering related to
an illegal $2.5bn (£1.98bn) arms deal which allegedly was undertaken in the late 1990s in order to ensure
that South Africa's armed forces could buy 30bn rand of European military hardware.[79]

Zuma's legal team attempted to get Judge Zondo to recuse himself from the commission accusing Zondo of
bias and having a supposed prior friendship with Zuma.[80] Judge Zondo rejected the recusal request.[80]

A little over 16 months after Zuma first appeared before the commission criminal charges were laid against
him for walking out of the commission without permission and refusing to give testimony.[81][82] This was
preceded by a long period in which Zuma tried to avoid appearing before the commission through legal
moves and arguments in the alleged hope that the commission would conclude before he would have to
appear before it.[83][84] This approach was dubbed as Zuma's Stalingrad defence strategy.[83][85][86][84] In
December 2020, Judge Zondo ordered Zuma to testify before the commission regarding Zuma's
involvement with the Guptas business deals.[87] Judge Zondo's order was taken to the Constitutional Court
which ruled that Zuma had to answer questions before the commission and ordered Zuma to pay the
commission’s legal costs.[88]

Zuma defied the Constitutional Court and refused to testify to the Zondo Commission on 4 February 2021.
The commission, whose mandate ends on 31 March, asked the court for an urgent order directing him to
give evidence.[89] A judge later requested that a contempt of court charge be filed against Zuma.[90] On
March 25, 2021, the Constitutional Court upheld a previously ruling which found that Zuma's refusal to
testify before the Commission classified as contempt of court.[91][92] On 29 June the Constitutional Court
handed down a 15 month prison sentence to Zuma.[93] Shortly after Zuma's imprisonment on 7 July large
scale unrest and looting broke out[94] in the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng, lasting from 9 to 17
July 2021.

Findings
Initially the findings were to be released in three parts but this number was later increased. Each of the
multiple parts of the report's findings were divided into multiple volumes. An extension was requested so
that the commission would have additional time to deliver its findings; this pushed the deadline for releasing
all of its findings out to 15 June 2022.[95] The commission found that multiple incidents of state capture
took place within South African government departments and state-owned enterprises during the
presidency of Jacob Zuma as senior officials routinely broke law.[96]

Part 1

Part 1 was released on Tuesday 4 January 2022.[97][98] It has three volumes with the first volume focused
on corruption within the state owned South African Airways, the second on findings relating to the Gupta
family, and the third on the South African Revenue Service and recommendations to reform the
government procurement system. Some notable finding of part 1 of the Zono Commission found the
following:

South African Airways

Part 1 made the following findings regarding South African Airways (SAA):

The appointment Dudu Myeni as chairperson of SAA by then President Zuma had caused
“sustainable damage” to the company.[97]
Despite public controversy over Myeni's actions as chairperson all attempts to remove her
were resisted "at the highest level" of government.[97]
Myeni had "a sustained disdain for the authority and processes of the commission”.[97]
Resources that Myeni "unlawfully received from [the] State Security Agency"[97] revealed
"how close she was to President Zuma".[97]
Yakhe Kwinana, during her time as a board member between 2009 and 2016, caused
"sustained damage" to the financial position of SAA and seemingly lacked "knowledge and
appreciation" of her duties as a chartered accountant.[99]
PricewaterhouseCoopers effectively enabled capture of SAA by failing to adequately audit
its financial and accounting processes between 2012 and 2016.[98]
The report recommended that:

Myeni be charged with corruption and fraud.[100]

Kwinana be investigated by the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants.[99]

South African Revenue Service

Part 1 made the following notable findings regarding the South African Revenue Service (SARS):

Moyane and Zuma played a critically important role in "capturing" the SARS and that
Moyane was appointed by then President Zuma as SARS commissioner to facilitate
this.[101]
SARS was targeted as its powers to investigate organised crime was seen as a threat to the
state capture project.[101]
Zuma, Moyane and Bain & Company worked together to facilitate the take over of
SARS.[101]

The report recommended that:

All state contracts with Bain & Company be reviewed.[101]

Moyane be charged with perjury for lying and providing false information to parliament.[102]

Gupta family

Part 1 made the following notable findings regarding the Gupta family enterprises and activities:

The awarding of government tenders and state owned enterprise advertising contracts to the
Gupta owned New Age Newspapers defied both "logic and legal requirements."[96][103]
Then Minister for Public Enterprises, Malusi Gigaba, was “prepared to do wrong for the
Guptas or Mr Zuma”.[103]

The report recommended that:

Brian Molefe and Collin Matjila facilitated Gupta corruption within Transnet and SAA
respectively;[104] and that they should face criminal charges.[105]

African National Congress

Part 1 found that the ANC:

Benefited from the extensive corruption of state enterprises, including SARS and SAA. This
alleged corruption also benefited Zuma and his political allies.[106]
Exhibited an apparent lack of concern regarding the decline of state entities, and an
unwillingness or inability to rectify these institutions.[107]

Part 2: Transnet
Part 2 was published on 1 February 2022 and announced findings on corruption and maladministration
within the state-owned companies Denel, Eskom and Transnet. The following notable findings were made:

Jacob Zuma sought to have Siyabonga Gama appointed as CEO and thus served as a
"willing enabler" of corrupt practices at Transnet.[108]
Soon after Gama and Brian Molefe were appointed to executive positions in 2011, the SOE
saw the "first significant locomotive transaction tainted by corruption".[109]
Three main corrupt deals to procure 1,259 locomotives with China South Rail, China North
Rail, General Electric, and Bombardier Transportation.[109]

The report recommended that:

Brian Molefe, Anoj Singh and Siyabonga Gama should be prosecuted for facilitating the
corrupt procurement of train locomotives.[109]
Jacob Zuma should face charges of "corruption and racketeering" stemming from his
instrumental role.[108]

Part 3: Bosasa

Part 3 was published on 1 March 2022 and focused on findings relating to corruption relating to the
privately owned state contractor BOSASA. Following the release of part 3 the commission's findings were
criticized by allies of Jacob Zuma.[110] Part 3 made the following notable findings and recommendations
regarding government's interactions with state service provider BOSASA:

Senior ANC politician Gwede Mantashe should be probed for corruption for receiving
kickbacks from BOSASA.[111]
Dudu Myeni received bribes and helped halt a BOSASA corruption probe.[112]

Part 4

Part 4 of the commission's findings was divided into four volumes and published on the morning of 29
April 2022. The fourth part of the findings focused on the attempted capture of the National Treasury,
corruption between the private technology service provider EOH and the City of Johannesburg, corruption
within state owned diamond mining company Alexkor, the Free State asbestos removal and public housing
project, and the capture of the state electrical utility Eskom. The fourth part of the commissions report made
the following notable findings:

The R1.2 billion Free State Housing project to construct 200,000 houses was a "dismal
failure"[113] due to government mismanagement.[113]
The 2015 firing of Nhlanhla Nene as finance minister confirmed that President Jacob Zuma
was a puppet of the Gupta brothers[114] and that it was "almost a miracle"[115] that the
national Treasury was not captured by Gupta interests.[115]
Zuma had been "determined", over several years, to grant control of the National Treasury to
the Gupta family.[116]
"Certain Gupta-linked individuals or entities were irregularly or corruptly awarded certain
contracts at Alexkor"[117]

The report recommends that:

 Tony (Rajesh) Gupta be prosecuted for corruption.[115]
Mosebenzi Zwane, Moses Mpho Mokoena and other individuals involved in the Free State
housing project should be investigated and potentially charged with fraud.[118]
Former Eskom executives Brian Molefe, Anoj Singh and Matshela Koko be criminally
investigated for improperly awarding contracts to McKinsey & Company and Trillian Capital
Partners.[119]
Alexkor executives be investigated for corrupt links to the Gupta family and their
companies.[120]

See also
Jacob Zuma
State capture
Crony capitalism
Ajay Gupta
Malusi Gigaba
Salim Essa
Duduzane Zuma
Gavin Watson
Gupta family

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capture-report-finds/). Daily Maverick. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
105. Madia, Tshidi. "Molefe, Matjila & Tony Gupta should face criminal charges - Zondo Inquiry"
(https://ewn.co.za/2022/01/05/brian-molefe-collin-matjila-and-tony-gupta-should-face-crimin
al-charges-zondo-inquiry). ewn.co.za. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
106. Ferreira, Emsie (6 January 2022). "Zondo: ANC was either incompetent or asleep on
capture" (https://mg.co.za/politics/2022-01-06-zondo-anc-was-either-incompetent-or-asleep-
on-capture/). Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
107. Hunter, Qaanitah (6 January 2022). "ANC 'did not care or they slept on the job or they had
no clue what to do' - Zondo Commission report" (https://www.news24.com/news24/southafri
ca/news/anc-did-not-care-or-they-slept-on-the-job-or-they-had-no-clue-what-to-do-zondo-co
mmission-report-20220106). News24. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
108. Wicks, Jeff; Masondo, Sipho (2 February 2022). "State capture report: Zuma should be
investigated for Transnet corruption" (https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/investiga
tions/state-capture-report-zuma-should-be-investigated-for-transnet-corruption-20220202).
News24. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
109. Areff, Ahmed (1 February 2022). "Transnet locomotive procurement train smash: prosecute
Molefe, Singh and Gama, Zondo says" (https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/transnet-l
ocomotive-procurement-train-smash-prosecute-molefe-singh-and-gama-zondo-says-202202
01). News24. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
110. Mafolo, Karabo (2 March 2022). "DAYS OF ZONDO, PART THREE: Zuma acolytes rubbish
state capture report findings as 'not worth the paper they are written on' " (https://www.dailym
averick.co.za/article/2022-03-02-zuma-acolytes-rubbish-state-capture-report-findings-as-not-
worth-the-paper-they-are-written-on/). Daily Maverick. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
111. Stone, Setumo. "Zondo recommends Mantashe be probed for corruption" (https://www.news
24.com/citypress/politics/zondo-recommends-mantashe-be-probed-for-corruption-2022030
2). Citypress. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
112. Haffajee, Ferial (1 March 2022). "DAYS OF ZONDO, PART THREE: Dudu Myeni loved
Louis Vuitton, especially when stuffed with R300,000 Bosasa cash" (https://www.dailymaveri
ck.co.za/article/2022-03-02-dudu-myeni-loved-louis-vuitton-especially-when-stuffed-with-r30
0000-bosasa-cash/). Daily Maverick. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
113. Khoza, Amanda. "Part 4 of state capture report notes 'dismal failure' of Free State's R1bn
housing project" (https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2022-04-29-part-4-of-state-capt
ure-report-notes-dismal-failure-of-free-states-r1bn-housing-project/). BusinessLIVE.
Retrieved 29 April 2022.
114. Ferreira, Emsie (29 April 2022). "Zuma was the Guptas' puppet, Zondo finds" (https://mg.co.z
a/politics/2022-04-29-zuma-was-the-guptas-puppet-zondo-finds/). The Mail & Guardian.
Retrieved 29 April 2022.
115. Cohen, Tim (29 April 2022). "DAYS OF ZONDO, PART FOUR: 'Almost a miracle' Treasury
wasn't captured, says Chief Justice while recommending charges against Tony Gupta" (http
s://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-04-29-almost-a-miracle-treasury-wasnt-captured-s
ays-chief-justice-while-recommending-charges-against-tony-gupta/). Daily Maverick.
Retrieved 29 April 2022.
116. Omarjee, Lameez (30 April 2022). "Zuma was 'determined' to hand over Treasury to the
Guptas, but resistance stalled its capture" (https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/zuma-w
as-determined-to-hand-over-treasury-to-the-guptas-but-resistance-stalled-its-capture-20220
430). News24. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
117. Curson, Barbara (29 April 2022). "Part 4 of Zondo report itemises explosive revelations into
state capture" (https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/south-africa/part-4-of-zondo-report-itemis
es-explosive-revelations-into-state-capture/). Moneyweb. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
118. Masuabi, Queenin (30 April 2022). "Zondo Report: ANC did not deal with failure of service
delivery" (https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/zondo-report-anc-did-not-deal-with-failur
e-of-service-delivery-20220430). News24. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
119. Bezuidenhout, Jessica (29 April 2022). "DAYS OF ZONDO, PART FOUR: No dodging the
State Capture hangover for McKinsey and Trillian" (https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2
022-04-29-no-dodging-the-state-capture-hangover-for-mckinsey-and-trillian/). Daily
Maverick. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
120. Comins, Lyse (29 April 2022). "Zondo report: Diamond mine Alexcor chief executive,
directors, executives must be investigated for Gupta-linked dealings" (https://mg.co.za/politic
s/2022-04-29-zondo-report-diamond-mine-alexcor-chief-executive-directors-executives-must
-be-investigated-for-gupta-linked-dealings/). The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 30 April 2022.

External links
Part 1 findins

Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 1 Vol. 1: South African
Airways (https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/638/Judicial_Commissio
n_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_Report:_Part_1_Vol._1:_SAA_(18_MB).pdf) (4 January
2022)

Part 2 findings

Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 2: Denel & Transnet (https://w
ww.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/642/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into
_State_Capture_-_Report_Part_2_-_Denel_AND_Transnet.pdf) (2 February 2022)
Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 2 Vol. 1: Transnet (https://ww
w.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/640/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_
State_Capture_-_Report_Part_2_-_Transnet.pdf) (2 February 2022)
Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 2 Vol. 2: Denel (https://www.s
tatecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/641/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_Stat
e_Capture_-_Report_Part_2_-_Denel.pdf) (2 February 2022)

Part 3 findings

Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 3 Vol. 1: BOSASA (https://ww
w.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/649/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_
State_Capture_Report_Part_3-1.pdf) (1 March 2022)
Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 3 Vol. 2: (https://www.stateca
pture.org.za/site/files/announcements/650/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Cap
ture_Report_Part_3-2.pdf) BOSASA (https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announceme
nts/649/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_Report_Part_3-1.pdf) (1
March 2022)
Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 3 Vol. 3: (https://www.stateca
pture.org.za/site/files/announcements/651/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Cap
ture_Report_Part_3-3.pdf) BOSASA (https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announceme
nts/649/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_Report_Part_3-1.pdf) (1
March 2022)
Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 3 Vol. 4: (https://www.stateca
pture.org.za/site/files/announcements/652/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Cap
ture_Report_Part_3-4.pdf) BOSASA (https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announceme
nts/649/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_Report_Part_3-1.pdf) (1
March 2022)

Part 4 findings

Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 4 Vol. 1: Attempted Capture
of National Treasury (https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/654/State_C
apture_Commission_Report_Part_IV_Vol_I.pdf) (29 April 2022)
 Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 4 Vol. 2: Attempted Capture
of National Treasury (https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/654/State_C
apture_Commission_Report_Part_IV_Vol_II.pdf) (29 April 2022)
Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 4 Vol. 3: Attempted Capture
of National Treasury (https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/654/State_C
apture_Commission_Report_Part_IV_Vol_III.pdf) (29 April 2022)
Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 4 Vol. 4: Attempted Capture
of National Treasury (https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/654/State_C
apture_Commission_Report_Part_IV_Vol_IV.pdf) (29 April 2022)

External links
Website of the Commission of Inquiry (https://www.sastatecapture.org.za/)
TimesLive coverage (https://www.timeslive.co.za/group/State_Capture/) of the commission
Eyewitness News coverage (https://ewn.co.za/Topic/State-capture-inquiry) of the
commission
Daily Maverick coverage (https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article_tag/zondo-commission/) of
the commission
News24 coverage (https://www.news24.com/Tags/Topics/state_capture_inquiry) of the
commission
Betrayal of the Promise (https://pari.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Betrayal-of-the-Prom
ise-25052017.pdf) Report.
‘No Room To Hide: A President Caught in the Act’ Report (http://pmg-assets.s3-website-eu-
west-1.amazonaws.com/170725No-Room-to-Hide.pdf)
OUTA’s State Capture Portfolio (https://outa.co.za/projects/state-capture)

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