The Relationship of Cyber Loafing and Workflow of The New

City Hall Office Employees of Imus, Cavite: A Basis for a

Psychological Program

A Proposed Quantitative Research

Submitted to the Faculty of the
Department of Arts and Sciences
Cavite State University
Bacoor, Cavite

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
of Bachelor of Science in Psychology

Aila Rossel Bongosia

Fhrealyn Noguerra
Emerlyn Masaga
Lea Justeen Resuello
Adrian Raineer San Juan
Danie Ralen Sta. Ana

2023
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

COVER/TITLE PAGE…………………………………………… i

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA………………………………………...........

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.........…………………………………….... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………….

iv

LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………....……...

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………... 0

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………. 0

Objectives of the Study………………………………………………. 0

Hypothesis……………………………………………………......…. 0

Theoretical Framework…………………………………………. 0

Conceptual Framework…………………………………………… 0

Significance of the Study……………………………………….......

Time and Place of the Study………………………………………. 0

Scope and Limitation…………………………………………………. 0

 Definition of Terms…………………………………………

REVIEWS OF RELATED LITERATURE……………………. 0

METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………… 0

Research Design ……………………………………………. 0

Participants of the Study………………………….……………. 0

Sampling Technique………………………………………………... 0

Data Gathering Procedure………………………………………… 0

Research Instrument…………………………………………
0

Ethical Consideration ……………………………………… 0

Statistical Treatment…………………………………………
0

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………. 0

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page
 1 Theoretical Framework…….…………………………………………… 0
2 Conceptual Framework…………………….……………………………. 0

The Relationship of Cyber Loafing and Workflow of The New

City Hall Office Employees of Imus, Cavite: A Basis for a
Psychological Program

Aila Rossel Bongosia

Fhrealyn Noguerra
Emerlyn Masaga
Lea Justeen Resuello
Adrian Raineer San Juan
Danie Ralen Sta. Ana

An undergraduate thesis manuscript submitted to the faculty of the

Department of Arts and Sciences, Cavite State University – Bacoor City
Campus, City of Bacoor, Cavite in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the degree of Bachelor of Science in Psychology.

INTRODUCTION

Statement of the Problem

The study is designed to determine the relationship between

cyberloafing and workflow the new city hall office employees of Imus,
Cavite.
 The research objectives are detailed and subjected into the following
questions:

1. What is the level of Cyberloafing among The New City Hall Office
Employees of Imus, Cavite?

2. What is the level of Workflow among The New City Hall Office
Employees of Imus, Cavite in terms of?

2.1 Concentration

2.2 Merging of Action and Awareness

2.3 Sense of Control

2.4 Loss of Self-Consciousness

2.5 Time distortion

2.6 Enjoyment

2.7 Preconditions of Flow

2.8 Challenge and Skill

2.9 Clear Goals

2.10 Unambiguous Feedback

3. Is there a significant relationship between Cyberloafing and Workflow?

Objectives of the Study

Generally, the purpose of the study is to determine the relationship

between cyberloafing and workflow of the new city hall office employees of
Imus, Cavite. Hence, this study specifically aims to:

1. To measure the level of Cyberloafing among The New City Hall Office
Employees of Imus, Cavite.

2. To measure the level of Workflow among The New City Hall Office
Employees of Imus, Cavite in terms of:

2.1 Concentration
 2.2 Merging of Action and Awareness

2.3 Sense of Control

2.4 Loss of Self-Consciousness

2.5 Time distortion

2.6 Enjoyment

2.7 Preconditions of Flow

2.8 Challenge and Skill

2.9 Clear Goals

2.10 Unambiguous Feedback

3. Measure the relationship between Cyberloafing and Workflow.

Hypothesis

Ho1: There is no significant relationship between cyber loafing and the

workflow among The New City Hall Office Employees of Imus, Cavite.

Theoretical Framework

The research study’s foundation of theories is from the following:

A. Triandis’ Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour

 Figure 1. Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour

Harry Triandis, in 1977, proposed a “Theory of Interpersonal

Behaviour” which intentions are connected with behaviour. Within it,
Triandis recognized the importance of social and emotional factors in
formation of intentions (Issock et al., 2020). In addition, Triandis (1977)
argued that behaviour is also affected/mediated by the frequency of past
behaviour and that both intention and habit are moderated by facilitating
conditions (Triandis, 1977). The TIB, therefore, posits that any human
behaviour can be predicted, each partly, by the intention to perform that
behaviour, habit, the contextual constraints and conditions (Triandis, 1980,
Triandis, 1977).

In the TIB, social factor refers to norms, roles, and self-concept.

Norms is defined as the social rules or expectations of others about what is
appropriate to do and what aren’t (Triandis, 1977). Roles are defined as the
sets of behaviours that are considered proper for people who hold a
particular position in a group (Triandis, 1977). Self-concept pertains to the
personal viewpoint about one's responsibility toward certain thing
(Shavelson et al., 1976). Affect includes emotional factors, both positive and
negative, that are distinct from rational thinking and may influence intentions
(Triandis, 1980). Affect differs from attitude in the sense that it refers to the
emotional response or feeling that has been generated due to a person,
object or event. On the other hand, an attitude would refer to a position,
orientation, or likelihood towards similar prior formed aspects that could be
more or less rationally attained. Triandis (1977) emphasized the important
part that habit, or past behaviours, perform when it comes to predicting
future actions. Lastly, facilitating conditions would pertain to situational
limitations to perform a specific behaviour.

B. Deviant Use of Internet Technology Model

Figure 2. Deviant Use of Internet Technology Model

 Mahatankoon (2002) constructed the “Deviant Use of Internet
Technology Model” wherein it is further looked upon that the motivation to
use the Internet in a specific workplace leads to positive and negative
effects. In normal circumstances in which the employees are able to use the
internet productively, there is bound to be a productive aftermath towards
work as well. However, when provocations are introduced, employees then
proceed with performing negative behaviors, the employees are limited by
three mediating and/or moderating constraints which are of social, which
can also pertain to their organization, individual, and technological types of
factors.

Simmers, C., Teo, T., & Anandarajan, M. (2006) defined the types of
deviant use of internet technology. They are:

1. Property-DUIT - is the deviant use of Internet technology where

employees attain certain intellectual propertiesor even damage knowledge
assets of organizations without authorization or done for their own benefit.
This type of DUIT includes using the Internet illegally to download programs
or software, spread viruses, or even unauthorized accessing of
organizational databases via the Internet.

2. Production-DUIT - is the deviant use of Internet technology that violates

the proper work norms communicated by a specific organization which in
return, diminishes the minimal quality and quantity of work to be performed
by an employee. This includes any excessive leisure and/or personal use of
the Internet at work-for like Web surfing, conducting personal business,
playing games, or even engaging in social media.

3. Political-DUIT - is the deviant use of Internet technology that dives into a

type of social interaction that puts other people at a personal or political
disadvantage. Examples include using e-mail, social media, and even
messaging apps to gossip; destroying companies' social images; or
spreading rumors about people or organizations. In addition, sharing of
confidential data, intellectual work, and confidential processes to outsiders,
which in return can compromise a certain organization, also belongs in this
type of DUIT.

4. Personal aggression-DUIT - is the deviant use of Internet technology

that serves to express aggression or hostility toward other people in a
specific workplace. Examples include, spamming; using Internet e-mail to
send abusive or harassing messages to certain people of relevance to a
certain organization; and using the Internet to poke fun, make racial
comments, or play pranks on people at work.

Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

Level of Cyber Sampling Method The Level of Cyber
Loafing and Loafing and Workflow
Workflow of the of the respondents
Conduct Survey
respondents
The Relationship
Cyberloafing scale by between Cyber
Relationship Lim (2002) Loafing and the
between Cyber The Workflow Scale Workflow of the
Loafing and by Mahajan (2020) respondents
Workflow of the
respondents Organize Data

Data Analysis

Figure 3. I-P-O Diagram or Conceptual Framework of the Study

The researchers used the IPO (Input, Process, and Output)

framework as a visual representation of the study. The input incorporates
quantifiable information in relevance to the level of cyberloafing and
Workflow among the New City Hall Office Employees of Imus, Cavite. The
researchers used a (Blank) sampling to obtain participants in the said study.
In addition, quantitative method is used to emphasize numerical analysis of
the data to be gathered through the questionnaires that the respondents
shall answer. When the said data are already collected, they will undergo
data organization and analysis. The information gathered will help the
researchers to interpret the result and answer the questions in the study.

Significance of the Study

In accordance to the the study’s aim to better understand the

relationship between cyber loafing and workflow, the researchers aim for
this study to benefit the following persons/people:

To the Office Employees, the findings of the study will help office
employees understand the relationship between cyber loafing and workflow
which will further expand their knowledge on the matter. In addition, results
can also further guide them in terms of proper company time utilization and
overall improvement of work quality.

To the

TIme and Place of the Study

The researchers conducted this study in (Month & Date of Study

Conduction) at the New City Hall, Imus, Cavite.

The locale of this study was conducted at the New City Hall, Imus,
Cavite located at Imus Boulevard, Brgy. Malagasang I-G, City of Imus,
Cavite.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The research study will only be carried out in the New City Hall, Imus,
Cavite City in the Province of Cavite. The results of this study are applicable
only to the participants of this study and should not be used as a correlation
measurement of cyber loafing, and work flow of the office employees who
do not belong to the said sample participants. With that being said,
limitations are bound to be expected in the study. To begin with, due to time
and capability constraints, the study has a limited participants and data to
gather. Hence, the results of the study may not be applicable to groups
larger than the sample of participants and further study towards larger
groups maybe required for a larger group’s overall generalization. Second,
the study does not seek to include others outside its sample population.
Third, the study aims to look upon the relationship of its variables and is in
no capability to predict causation of the variables involved. Altogether, in
future studies, the findings should be further tested with larger and diverse
sample population in order to ensure peak levels of reliability towards the
gathered findings.

Definition of Terms

To help readers get a clear understanding of the study, the following

terms are specifically defined below in the way they are utilized in the study:

Cyberloafing – An activity that involves workers who utilize company

time towards personal online activities, such as web browsing, usage of
social media, and even checking and replying to their personal email and
messages.

Work Flow – Pertains to when the people in a specific workplace act

with total involvement along the overall process of work.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE