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    5 views16 pages

    869975993

    Uploaded by

    Nazmul Haque

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Lecture 9 Design of Raft Foundation w| Raft Foundations @ Raft foundations %S A raft is essentially a very large spread footing that usually encompasses the entire footprint of the structure. They are also known as mat foundation. m Foundation engineers often consider mats when % The structure loads are so high or the soil conditions so poor that the spread footings would be exceptionally large. If spread footings would cover more than about one third of the building area, a mat will be more economical. %S The soil is very erratic & prone to excessive differential settlements. The continuity & rigidity of the mat foundation helps in reducing differential settlement of individual columns relative to each other. % Lateral loads are not uniformly distributed through the structure & thus may cause differential horizontal movements in spread footing. The continuity & rigidity of the mat will resist such movements. %S The uplift loads are larger than spread footing can accommodate. Lecture 9 Advance Design of RC Structure ‘Eng. Malek Abuwarda a|Raft Foundations , % The bottom of the structure is located below the groundwater table, so waterproofing is an important concern. The weight of the mat also helps resist hydrostatic uplift forces from the groundwater. m Types of raft foundation % Cellular raft foundation » Used on site where, poor ground must resist high bending moments ground % Crust raft foundation or blanket mat Beatin > Slab with thickening under the columns shi & walls % Plane raft foundation foe % Piled rafts Lecture 9 Advance Design of RC Structure ‘Eng. Malek Abuwarda ‘suspended tloot @ Methods of designing raft foundation % The conventional rigid method » This method is easy to apply & the computations can be carried out using hand calculations. > The application of this is limited to rafts with relative regular ALL LLL TEETTTTT ET) te _ id “Advance Design of RC Structure Eng. Malek Abuwarda % The finite element method » This method can be used for the analysis of raft regardless of the column arrangements, loading conditions, & existence of cores & shear walls. >» Commercially available computer programs like SAP2000 & SAFE can be used. LL @ Bearing capacity % The allowable bearing capacity of a raft footing is given by . sedges) (MN 0.08 3.28B B 25.4 For B < 1.2m aN 4) fa O08 25.4 Where day is allowable bearing capacity in kilopascals N is standard penetration test (SPT) blow count B is the width of the footing s is the settlement in millimeters D, is the depth of the footing in meters @ Settlement of raft foundation % The settlement of raft footing can be estimated in a manner similar to that of spread footings. % Immediate Settlement; based on the theory of elasticity can be used to estimate the corner settlement of a rectangular footing with dimensions of L' and B', wl-y s, =qB E Where q is the contact stress B’ is the least dimension of the footing y, is the Poisson ratio of the soil E, is the elastic modulus of the soil I, . L, & Ip are obtained from, the table & the figure attached, in terms of the rations N = H/B’ (H = layer thickness), M = L’/B’ & D/B @ Conventional rigid method Step 1: Check soil pressure The resultant of columns working loads equals: Pro =P, +P, +P, 42.5 DP, The soil pressure at any point can be obtained; B, M tote fy FOX KG ante AT, 1, Where; A=area of the raft (BxL) moment of inertia of the raft about x-axis = BL4/12 moment of inertia of the raft about y-axis = LBY/12 ‘Advance Design of RC Structure Eng. Malek Abuwarda M, = moment of applied loads about the x-axis = Py. X & + My M, = moment of applied loads about the x-axis = Pio. * ¢y + My The e, & e, are the eccentricities of the resultant from the C.G. of the raft. ‘The coordinate of the eccentricities are given by: _ Pitt Pot + Pty to P, totes xy! e, 2x2 2 ye Put Pays tBy te Compare the maximum soil pressures with net allowable soil pressure Faux © Ina Step 2: Draw the shear force & bending moment diagrams Divide the raft into several strips in the X-direction (B1, B2, B3) & in the Y-direction (B4, BS, B6, B7) » k The soil pressure at the center-line of the strip is assumed constant along the width of the strip. P = Fuyomt 4. Mw Lait the loads has A ae to be factored Pew Mwy Le ne = 7. 2 le average pressure equals: ff _ Gaye +4 ye. This value shall be used in wre 2 the analysis of the strip 1p =Pyg + Pay +P +P, ws t Pays + Fay + Pons “Advance Design of RC Structure ng. Malek Abuwarda The achieve equilibrium, columns loads & soil reaction must be modified such that the sum of the forces is equal to zero The Shear & bending moment can be computed using regular structure analysis E The $ame process should be carried out for all the strips in the raft foundation Step 3: Design for flexure ‘The maximum positive & negative moments can be obtained. The negative moments need top reinforcement & positive moment needs bottom reinforcement. Eng. Malek Abuwarda “Advance Design of RC Structure ral =| vo = o — S o DN = = —_ eS e S al, “wom Gu POL A TERED i pe Gey mospunes (200) HE TMOG MOLES “rou 7=p Fg eat (6915) wR wa ng EHR ENR MND oF PEE IO AA 5000 £000 s000 E000 coo cO0 cOOO TOT 1000 WET OST CT SroT Se60 Te80 05 200 9100 F100 8000 9009 ro00 QOET GOTT zAET os 8160 6180 oat 0 8000

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