Rules of Shu'bah and Hafs

re
Rules of Shu’ba and Hafs ‘An ‘Aasim Narration
‫يم‬
ِِ ‫الر ِح‬
َ ِ‫ن‬ِِ ‫الرحْ َم‬
َ ِ‫ّللا‬
َِِ ِ‫س ِِم‬
ْ ‫ِب‬
INTRODUCTION
All praise to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, and peace and salutations to our leader, the Prophet
Mohammad, and to his family and companions, and those who follow them in benevolence
until the Day of Resurrection. And further:
Qur'an is the Book of guidance for whole mankind. Qur'an is the guidance for every aspect of
life. Qur'an is the Divine book towards which Muslims turn when there is problem because
Qur'an has the solution to every problem. Recitation of Qur'an brings reward from Allah; it also
brings other benefits in the form of the cleansing of the heart, a chance of communication with
Allah and thus becoming a better Muslim.
The Noble Qur'an is a highly admired Book of Allah that requires proper understanding and
recitation. Indeed the Book of Allah is not a book like any other, it is the timeless Speech of
Allah, not a created thing, and the study guide for life and death and what comes after.
Therefore it deserves a more careful study than anyone else’s speech. So, as a Muslim, we
should recite Qur'an daily with better understanding and proper recitation so that we can earn
Allah’s blessings in this life and the hereafter.
This book includes the rules of Shu’ba and Hafs ‘An ‘Aasim narration. My target in writing
this book is to help the readers to learn the rules of Shu’ba and Hafs in an easy and simple way;
so the rules in this book are written out in a simplified way away from lengthening. Hope the
readers understand Shu’ba and Hafs rules clearly without any sort of confusion.
I ask Allah, the Exalted, to benefit all those who read this book and to spread the knowledge
they learn all over the world.
May Allah accepts our deeds and shower blessings on us and on our prophet, Mohammed, and
to his family and all of his companions, and all praises to Allah, the Lord of the worlds.
The servant of the Qur'an

Marwa El Gindy
2
BIOGRAPHY
Name: Marwa El Gindy
Education:
• Certified from Maahad El Qiraat in Qiraat Sughra and Kubra, Azhar University.
• Certificate in Islamic studies (Maahad Al Alameen).
Ijazah:
Ijazah with a sanad related to the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in the following:
• Ten Qiraat sughra in the way of Shatibiyyah and Dorra from Dr. Aly Bin Mohamed
Tawfeek Bin Aly Al Nahhas.
• Ten Qiraat sughra in the way of Shatibiyyah and Doraa from Dr. Sheikh Mesbah Ibn
Ibrahim Ibn Mohamed Ibn Aly Wedn El Desouky.
• Ten Qiraat sughra in the way of Shatibiyyah and Dorra from Sheikh Ahmed Galil AlBarry.
• Ten Qiraat sughra in the way of Shatibiyyah and Dorra from Sheikha Tanathor Mohamed
Mostafa El Nagouly.
• Assem narration (Hafs and Shu'bah) from Dr. Aly Bin Mohamed Tawfeek Bin Aly Al
Nahhas.
• Hafs An Aasem narrarion from Sheikh Hamada Bin Sulayman Bin Abdel Aal Bin
Sulayman.
• “Qaloon”, “Ibn Katheer”, “El Kesaey”, “Abou Gaafar” and “Khalaf Al Aasher” in the
way of Shatibiyyah from Sheikh Mohamed Bin Mohamed Bin Ahmed Bin Mohamaden
known as "Al Monshed”.
• “Warsh”, “Abou Amr”and “Khalaf from Imam Hamza” in the way of Shatibiyyah from
sheikha Hoda Bin Fathy Bin Mohamed Bin Abdel Aal.
• Ijazah in Nuraniyah.
Additional info:
• Teaches Qur'an memorization, recitation and tajweed in mosques, Islamic centers and
online.
• Teaches Qur'an recitation in English in “Work-for-hereafter”.
Contact info:
• Skype ID: marwa.el.gindy

• E-mail: marwaelgindy8@gmail.com
• Facebook: https://m.facebook.com/Tajweed-and-Qiraat-Rules-104808161231388/
• Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgnaZBJ11REbj9g5mjG7Hog/videos
• Telegram: https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFfB0zbi1Tqvd6r7aQ
3
THE NOBLE QUR'AN

The Noble Qur'an is the word of Allah. The noble Qur'an is the book of guidance for whole
mankind. The noble Qur'an is guidance for every aspect of life. The Qur'an is the words of
Allah that He revealed as a reliable source of legislation for mankind to live an organized life.
Allaah has guaranteed to preserve the Qur'an Himself. Allaah says : “Verily, We, it is We Who
have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. the Qur’aan) and surely, We will guard it (from
corruption)”(al-Hijr 15:9). Being so important, the noble Qur'an must be recited correctly and
clearly, so as not to create any sort of ambiguity or misunderstanding whatsoever. Allah
Almighty addressed His Messenger Muhammad (Peace be upon him) in the noble Qur'an:
“ ... And recite the Quran with measured recitation.” (Al Muzzamil 73:4).
Virtues of reading the Qur'an and learning and teaching:
• The Qur'an will intercede for us on the Day of Judgment: Prophet said that: “Read the
Qur'an, for verily it will come on the Day of Standing as an intercessor for its
companions.” (Muslim)
• Be from the best of the people: If you want to be the ones who are best in the eyes of
Allah then teach Qur'an others and learn it too. In hadith, our beloved Prophet said:
“The best of you are the ones who learn the Qur'an and teach it to others”(Bukhari)
• You will get the position in Paradise on the basis of Qur'an memorization in this life: If
you want to get higher rank in Paradise then memorize and recite Qur'an effectively.
The Holy Prophet stated related to it as: “It will be said to the companion of the
Qur’an: Read and elevate (through the levels of the Paradise) and beautify your voice
as you used to do when you were in the dunyaa! For verily, your position in the
Paradise will be at the last verse you recite!”(Abu Dawood)
4
THE IMAM BIOGRAPHY
IMAM ‘AASIM
His name is Aasim Bin Abee An-Najood Bin Bahdalah Al-Asadee. He was called Abu Bakr.
He was from the taabi’een –the first generation after the sahabah- meaning he met and knew
some of the sahabah. He was the sheikh of the reciters in Al-kufah after Abdulrahmaan Al-
Sulamee. He excelled in both language and tajweed. He had the best voice of all in qur’an
recitation. He died in the year 127 al-hijarah.
Imam ‘Aasim has two rawis: Shu’bah and Hafs
SHU'BAH
He is Shu’bah bin Ayaash bin Saalim Al-Asadee Al Koofy. He was called Abu Bakr.He was
born in 95 Al-Hijarah and died in 193 Al-Hijarah. He was a great imam and working scholar,
and was considered a reference of the great imams in the sunnah.
HAFS
His name is Hafs Bin Sulaymaan Bin Al-Magheerah Al-Asadee Al-Kufee. He was called Abou
Omar. He was born in the year 90 al-hijarah, and died in the year 180 al-hijarah. Hafs was the
most knowledgeable of all in the recitation of ‘Aasim
5
RULES OF SHU’BA NARRATION
Rules of Shu’ba are exactly as Hafs, but Shu'bah recites differently than Hafs in the
following:
THE PRONOUN HA' ‫اءِاَ ْل ِكنَاي ِة‬

ِ ‫َه‬
o Shu’bah reads the ha’ with sukoon in )145 ‫ (نُؤْ تِه) (ال عمران‬، )75 ‫)ي َُؤدِه ِإ َليْكَ ) (آل عمران‬
and )20 ‫ )نُؤْ تِه مِ ْن َها )( الشورى‬and )115 ‫صلِه ) (النساء‬
ْ ُ‫ َون‬،‫ ) نُ َولِه‬and )52 ‫ )يتقه) (النور‬with kasrah of
qaaf.
o Shu’bah reads the ha’ with kasrah only without a madd of two vowel counts
in )69 ‫ )فِي ِه ُم َهانًا ) (الفرقان‬.
َ ‫ ) َو َما أ َ ْن‬and )10 ‫علَ ْي ِه هللا ) (الفتح‬

o Shu’bah reads with kasrah of ha’in )63 ‫سانِي ِه إِ َّل ) (الكهف‬ َ ).
TWO HAMZAHS NEXT TO EACH OTHER IN ONE WORD

َ ‫ا ْل َه‬
ِ َ‫مزت‬
‫انِمنِ َك ِل َم ِة‬
• Shu’bah reads with two hamzahs in the following:
)49 ‫ الشعراء‬،71 ‫طه‬،124 ‫(أأامنتم) (األعراف‬
)113 ‫(أإن لنا) (األعراف‬
َ ِ‫(أإنكم لَتَأْتُونَ ْالفَاح‬

)81 ‫شةَ) (األعراف‬
)44 ‫) أَأَ ْع َجمِ ي ( (فصلت‬
َ ِ‫) أإنكم لَت َأْتُونَ ْالفَاح‬

)28 ‫شةَ) (العنكبوت‬
)66 ‫(أَ ِإنَا لَ ُم ْغ َر ُمونَ ) (الواقعة‬
)14 ‫(أَأ َ ْن َكانَ ) (القلم‬
6
‫‪Rules of Shu’ba and Hafs ‘An ‘Aasim Narration‬‬
‫ستِ ْف َهامِا ْل ُمتَك َِر ِر ‪REPEATED QUESTIONS IN A PHRASE‬‬

‫اال ْ‬
‫‪Its definition:‬‬
‫‪Repeated question is a question that is repeated twice in a phrase and the questioning hamzah‬‬
‫‪has a fathah, and the second hamzah carries a kasrah. This occurs in nine surahs in eleven‬‬
‫‪positions.‬‬
‫‪ { -‬أَءِ ذَا ُكنَا ت ُ َرابا ً أَئِنَا لَفِي خ َْل ٍ‬

‫ق َجدِيدٍ} [سورة الرعد‪.]5:‬‬
‫ظاما ً َو ُرفَاتا ً أَإِنَا لَ َم ْبعُوثُونَ } [سورة اإلسراء‪.]98 - 49 :‬‬

‫{وقَالُواْ أَءِ ذَا ُكنَا ِع َ‬
‫‪َ -‬‬
‫شةَ}‪ ،‬وقوله‪ - :‬عز وجل ‪{ -‬أَئِنَ ُك ْم لَت َأْتُونَ ِ‬

‫الر َجالَ} [سورة العنكبوت‪.]29,28 :‬‬ ‫‪ِ { -‬إنَ ُك ْم لَت َأْتُونَ ْالفَاحِ َ‬
‫ظاما ً أَئِنَا لَ َم ْبعُوثُونَ } [سورة المؤمنون‪.]82:‬‬

‫‪{ -‬قَالُوا أ َءِ ذَا مِ تْنَا َو ُكنَا ت ُ َرابا ً َو ِع َ‬
‫{وقَا َل الَذِينَ َكف َُروا أَءِ ذَا ُكنَا ت ُ َرابا ً َوآبَا ُؤنَا أَئِنَا لَ ُم ْخ َر ُجونَ } [سورة النمل‪.]67 :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬‬
‫ظاما ً أَئِنَا لَ َم ْبعُوثُونَ } [سورة الصافات‪[ ]16 :‬سورة الواقعة‪.]47 :‬‬
‫‪{ -‬أَءِ ذَا مِ تْنَا َو ُكنَا ت ُ َرابا ً َو ِع َ‬
‫ظاما ً أَئِنَا لَ َمدِينُونَ } [سورة الصافات‪.]53 :‬‬

‫‪{ -‬أَءِ ذَا مِ تْنَا َو ُكنَا ت ُ َرابا ً َو ِع َ‬
‫ض أَءِ نَا لَفِي خَل ٍ‬

‫ق َجدِيد} [سورة السجدة‪.]10 :‬‬ ‫‪{ -‬قَالُوا أَءِ ذَا َ‬
‫ضلَلنَا فِي األ َ ْر ِ‬
‫‪{-‬يَقُولُونَ أَئِنَا لَ َم ْردُودُونَ فِي ْال َحاف َِرةِ}‪،‬وقوله ‪ -‬عز وجل ‪{ :-‬أَءِ ذَا ُكنَا ِع َ‬
‫ظاما ً نَخِ َرةً} [سورة النازعات‪.]11 - 10:‬‬
‫‪Its Rule:‬‬
‫‪Shu’ba reads with a question of the first and the second in all positions.‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
THE SINGLE HAMZAH ‫ا ْل َه ْمزِا ْل ُم ْف َر ِد‬

o Shu’bah reads with hamzah in the following words:
ِ ُ ‫) –( ت‬106 ‫ ( ُمر َجئُون) (التوبة‬- )4 ‫ ( ُكفُؤا) (اّلخالص‬- )‫)ه ُُزؤا‬

)52 ‫ (التنَاؤُش) (سبأ‬-)51 ‫رجئ) (األحزاب‬
o Shu’bah reads the first waw of (‫ )لُولُؤ‬without hamzah ; also he reads without hamzah in
)8 ‫‘ الهمزة‬20 ‫صدة) (البلد‬
َ ‫( ُمو‬.
THE BREATHLESS PAUSE ‫ت‬

ِ ‫سك‬
َ ‫ال‬
Shu’ba does not stop gently (doesn’t make sakt) of what Hafs stopped on which are in the
following:
)52‫ ( َم ْرقَ ِدنَا هذا) (يس‬،)1،2‫ )ع َِو َجا قيما) (الكهف‬،(27 ‫ق ) (القيامة‬
ٍ ‫) َم ْن َرا‬، )14‫( بَ ْل َرانَ ) (المطففين‬
ٍ ‫( َم ْن َرا‬.
So the normal idghaam rules are applied when reading in ) َ‫ق ) ( َب ْل َران‬
Shu’ba reads with Permitted Sakt in the following:
• The end of sūrat Al-Anfal with surat At-Tawbah
• In )29( َ‫) َه َلك‬28( ‫ َمالِي ْه‬in surat ‫ الحاقة‬between verse 28 and 29 . In this case there are two
allowed ways in joining the two ayas together.
a) Making the first ha’ clear with a short stop with no breath (sakt) between the two words.
b) Merging the two ha’ together
َ ‫ِاإلد‬
Al-ITHHAAR AND Al-IDGHAAM ‫غام‬ ِ ‫ارِو‬
َ ‫اإلظ َه‬
ِ
o Shu'bah makes idgham of the ‫ الذال‬in the ‫ التاء‬in the words ) ‫ )اتخذت‬and )‫ (أخذتم‬in any of its
forms (singular, plural, first person, third person, etc).
o Shu'bah makes idgham of the ‫ النون‬in the ‫ الواو‬when joining ayah one and two of surat Ya
ِ ‫آن ْال َحك‬
Seen )1 ‫ِيم (يس‬ ِ ‫يس َو ْالقُ ْر‬
o Shu'bah makes idgham when joining the separated letter ‫ نون‬with the ‫ واو‬with the word that
ُ ‫ن َو ْالقَلَ ِم َو َما يَ ْس‬
follows in )1‫ط ُرونَ (القلم‬
8
THE IMAALAH ‫اإل َمالَة‬

ِْ
Shu'bah reads with imaalah in the following cases:
o The alif of ‫أَد َْراكَ – أَد َْرا ُك ْم‬
o The Ra’ and hamzah of ‫ َرأَى‬if it falls before a vowel as ‫ ; َرأ َ ٰى ك َْو َكبًا‬Or before pronoun
as )‫ َر َءاه‬،‫ َر َءاهَا‬،‫)ر َءاك‬.
َ
o He makes imaalah only in Ra’ if it falls before sukoon as َ‫ َرأَى ْال ُم ْج ِر ُمون‬in continuing
and if he stops he makes imaalah for both hamzah and Ra’.
o He makes imaalah in ‫ راء‬in (‫ المر‬،‫ )الر‬and the ‫ هاء‬and ‫ ياء‬in )‫ (كهيعص‬and the ‫ طاء‬and
‫ هاء‬in (‫ )طه‬and the ‫ طاء‬in )‫ طسم‬،‫ (طس‬and the ‫ ياء‬in )‫ (يس‬and the ‫ حاء‬in ( ‫) حم‬
o The alif in the words )17 ‫ َر َمى (األنفال‬and )109 ‫ هَار (التوبة‬and ) 72 ‫أ َ ْع َمى (اإلسراء‬
and )83 ‫ َونَأَى (االسراء‬and )14 ‫َران (المطففين‬
o He reads with imaalah when stopping on )58 ‫س َوى( (طه‬

ُ ) and )36 ‫س َدى) (القيامة‬
ُ (
o He reads with dammah of meem without imaalah in )‫جراها‬

َ ‫( ُم‬
9
ATTACHED YA’ INDICATING “ME” OR “MY”ِ‫ضِافَِة‬

َ ‫ِ َيِا َءِاتِاال‬
• Shu'bah reads the ya’ with sukoon in the following:
)28 ‫ نوح‬،26 ‫ الحج‬،125 ‫(بَ ْيتِي) (البقرة‬
)79 ‫ اّلنعام‬، 20 ‫) َوجْ ِهي((ال عمران‬
28 ‫( َيدِي ِإلَيْكَ ) (المائدة‬
)116 ‫(أمي) (المائدة‬
(‫ )أَجْ ِري إِ َّل‬in all places it occurs in Quran;
)‫ ( َمعِي‬in all places it occurs in Quran ;
)69 ‫ ص‬،22 ‫(و َما َكانَ لِي) (ابراهيم‬

َ
)18 ‫(لِي فِي َها) (طه‬
)33‫(لِي نَ ْع َجة) (ص‬
)6 ‫(لِي دين) (الكافرون‬
• Shu'bah reads the ya’ with fatha in the following
)6 ‫ِى ا ْس ُمهُ( (الصف‬

َ ‫)بَ ْعد‬
)24 ‫ِى الظالمين( (البقرة‬
َ ‫عهد‬
َ )
EXTRA YA’AT ‫ِاتِالزوِائِِد‬

َ ‫يَِا َء‬
• Shu’ba reads the ya’ with fatha when continuing in )68 ‫ِى ّل خوف) (الزخرف‬
َ ‫ ) َيا ِع َباد‬and he
stops on it with sukoon of ya’.
• Shu’ba deletes the ya’in )36 ‫ (فما آتان هللا) (النمل‬either in continuing and stopping.
10
RULES OF HAFS NARRATION
AL BASMALAH ‫س َملَ ِة‬

ْ َ‫الب‬
Its rule:
Hafs reads with the Basmalah at the beginning of a surah except surat "At-Tawbah”, as all the
narrators agreeḍ upon reading the basmalah at the beginning of the surah when starting
recitation except surat "At-Tawbah”.
Rule of Basmalah between two surahs:

Hafs always reads the basmalah between the two surahs except between Al-Anfal and At-
Tawbah.
Ways of joining the end of sūrat Al-Anfal with surat At-Tawbah are as follows:
a) Waqf: Finishing surat Al-Anfal then stopping and taking a breath, then reading the
beginning of surat At-Tawbah (without Basmallah).
b) Sakt: Finishing surat Al-Anfal then stopping without breath (sakt which is slight pause
without breathing) then reading the beginning of surat At-Tawbah (without Basmallah).
c) Waṣl: Joining the last verse of surat Al-Anfal in the same breath and proper vowels with
the beginning of surat At-Tawba.
11
PLURAL MEEM ‫ِم ِيمِاَ ْل َجمع‬
Definition of Plural meem: It refers to the extra meem which indicates masculinity and
plurality.
Signs of Plural meem:
a) Indicates plurality.
b) Not original meem
c) Preceded with taa’ or kaaf or ha’ as )‫(أَنتُم – إِنَ ُكم – إِنَ ُهم‬
Rule of Plural meem followed with a voweled letter:
Hafs reads the meem with sukoon in stopping and continuing, if it is before a letter that has a
َ ‫علَ ْي ِه ْم‬
vowel on it as )‫غي ِْر‬ َ (.
Rule of Plural meem followed with a saakin letter:
o If there is sukoon after meem and before it ha’ preceding with Kasrah or ya’ saakinah
as )‫علَ ْي ِه ُم ْال َج َالء‬
َ ، ُ‫ ( ِب ِه ُم األ َ ْس َباب‬so he pronounces the ha’ with kasrah and the meem with
dammah when continuing, and pronounces the meem with sukoon and the ha’ with
kasrah when stopping.
o If the meem is preceded with any other case other than the above, he pronounces it with
dammah when continuing and with sukoon when stopping as ) َ‫ مِ ْن ُه ُم الَذِين‬،ُ‫علَ ْي ُك ُم ْال ِقتَال‬
َ ).
12
THE PRONOUN HA' ‫اءِاَ ْل ِكنَاي ِة‬

ِ ‫َه‬
Its definition: It is a ha' at the end of a word (last letter) that is not part of the original make up
of the word, representing the singular third person male.
If it is part of the original make up of the word, it is not pronoun ha’ as )‫(فَ َواكِه‬
Cases of pronoun ha':
1) The pronoun ha' positioned between two saakin letters.

Example: )‫(وءاتينَاهُ ْاإلنجيل‬
Rule: Reading the ha' with a vowel without lengthening
2) The pronoun ha' positioned between a voweled letter and a saakin letter
Example: (‫)لَهُ ْالملك‬
3) The pronoun ha' positioned between a saakin letter and a voweled letter
Example: )‫(فِي ِه هُدى‬
4) The pronoun ha' positioned between two voweled letters
Example: )‫(إنَهُ كَان بعبا ِد ِه خَبيرا‬
Rule: The dhammah on the ha' is lengthened into a lengthened waw; or the kasrah on
the ha' is lengthened into a lengthened ya'.
The lengthening of ha' is two vowel counts but if it is before hamzah qata' it is
lengthened four or five counts.
Special words:
o )‫ ( أ َ ْر ِجه‬Hafs reads with sukoon

)36 ‫ث فِي ْال َمدَائ ِِن َحاش ِِرينَ ) (الشعراء‬
ْ َ‫)قَالُوا أ َ ْر ِج ْه َوأَخَاهُ َوا ْبع‬
)111 ‫(قَالُواْ أ َ ْر ِج ْه َوأَخَاهُ َوأ َ ْرس ِْل فِي ْال َمدَآئ ِِن َحاش ِِرينَ ) (اّلعراف‬
o )ْ‫ (فَأ َ ْل ِقه‬Hafs reads with sukoon
)28 ‫)اذْهَب ِب ِكتَا ِبي َهذَا فَأ َ ْل ِق ْه ِإلَ ْي ِه ْم ) (النمل‬
o )ُ‫ضه‬
َ ‫ ( يَ ْر‬Hafs reads with dhammah without lengthening of the ha’
)7 ‫ضهُ لَ ُك ْم ) (الزمر‬
َ ‫) َوإِن ت َ ْش ُك ُروا يَ ْر‬
13
o )69 ‫ (فِي ِهۦ ُمهانا) (الفرقان‬Hafs reads with lengthening two counts.
َ ‫ ﴿ َو َما أَن‬Hafs reads the ha’ with dammah without lengthening of hā.
o )63 ‫سانِيهُ ِإ َّل ﴾ (الكهف‬
َ َ ُ‫علَ ْيه‬
o )10 ‫َّللا﴾ (الفتح‬ َ ﴿ Hafs reads the ha’ with a dammah without lengthening of the hā.
o )52 ‫ ﴿ َويَت َ ْقه ﴾ (النور‬Hafs reads with a sukoon of the qaaf and kasrah of the ha’ without
lengthening of the hā.
o )20 ‫) (الشورى‬145 ‫ (نُؤْ تِه) ( آل عمران‬،)75 ‫) )يُ َؤدِه ِإ َليْكَ ) (ال عمران‬115 ‫صلِه ) (النساء‬
ْ ُ‫ َون‬،‫)نُ َولِه‬
Hafs reads the ha’ with lengthening.
o Hafs reads " ‫ فِي ِه َن‬، ‫علَي ِه َن‬

َ ، ‫ فِي ِه َما‬، ‫ع َل ْي ِه َما‬
َ ،‫ فيهم‬، ‫ َلدَ ْي ِه ْم‬، ‫ ِإ َل ْي ِه ْم‬، ‫ع َل ْي ِه ْم‬
َ " and all similar words
from all pronoun ha’ plural or dual if it is preceded by ya’ saakinah, with ha’ with
kasrah either when continuing reading or stopping on them.
Also if the ya’ is deleted because of ‫ َجزم‬or ‫ ِبنَاء‬as (‫ فَا ْست َ ْفتِ ِه ْم‬، ‫)و ِإن يَأْتِ ِه ْم‬
َ he pronounces it
with kasrah of ha’ too.
14
THE LENGTHENING ‫اَ ْلمدُو ِد‬
ِ َ ‫ ; ا ْل َمدِاِْل ُِمت‬and
Madd Muttasil (Obligatory Connected Madd) ‫ِصِل‬
Madd Munfaṣil (Permitted Separated Madd) ‫ِصِل‬ ِ َ‫ا ْلِ َمِدِاِْل ُمِنف‬
Hafs reads the madd muttasil (Obligatory Connected Madd) the madd munfaṣil (Permitted
Separated Madd) with four vowel counts from El Shatebeya way and with five vowel counts
from el Tayseer way.
Madd Al-Badal (Exchange Madd) ‫ ; َمِدِاِْلبَِ َدِل‬and

Harf Al-Leen (The Soft Lengthening) ِ‫حَرفِال ِلِين‬
Hafs reads the Madd Al-Badal (Exchange Madd) with two vowel counts as ‫ ء آ َ َمنُوا‬as well as
Harf Al-Leen (The Soft Lengthening) that is followed by hamzah as )‫ش ْيء‬
َ ،َ ‫س ْوءة‬
َ (.
Madd AL-Leen ‫ ; َمِدِاللين‬and

ِ َ‫اِْل َمِدِاِْلع‬
Madd Al-Aaridh Li-Sukoon (Presented Sukoon Madd) ‫ِارِضِللس ُكِون‬
Hafs reads the Madd Al-Leen and the Presented Sukoon Madd with two or four or six vowel
counts.
َ ‫اِْل َِمد‬
Al-Madd Al-Laazimِِ(The Compulsory Lengthening ) ‫َِالَّل ِزم‬
• Hafs reads the Compulsory Madd either Light or Heavy with six vowel counts as
َ ‫ ل‬،‫ ن‬،‫ ص‬، ‫) َء ْآلئان‬
(‫ الم‬، َ‫ضآلِين‬
• Madd Al-Ferq is included in the Compulsory Heavy and Light Lengthening because it
differentiates between questioning and report statements. When hamzah al qata'
indicating a question enters a noun that has the definite article )‫ (ال‬attached at the
beginning of it, hamzah al wasl is changed to either one of the following cases:
1) A lengthened alif six counts . This is called ‫ا ْبدَال‬
2) An eased hamzah. This is called ‫تَ ْس ِهيل‬
This occurs in three words in six positions:
o )59 ‫) (النمل‬59 ‫(ءآللُ ) (يونس‬
o )91 ،51 ‫( ءآآلنَ ) (يونس‬
o )144 ،143 ‫( ءآلذَك ََري ِْن ) (األنعام‬

15
• In the Compulsory Lengthening in a Letter as ) ‫ الم‬،‫ ص‬،‫ ن‬,( he reads it with six counts
except in )‫ ( عين‬in surat Maryam in ) ‫ (كهيعص‬and in surat Ash-Shūraá (‫ )عسق‬he reads it
with four or six counts.
• He reads the meem of ‫ الم‬in the beginning of surah Aali-Imraan with six counts when
stopping. He reads it with six counts or two counts if he continues it with ‫ هللا‬and with
a fathaah on the meem.
16
TWO HAMZAHS NEXT TO EACH OTHER IN ONE WORD

َ ‫ا ْل َه‬
ِ َ‫مزت‬
‫انِمنِ َك ِل َم ِة‬
Its definition: The two hamzahs next to each other in one word are two hamzahs qata meeting
each other in one word, the first hamzah has fathah and is a questioning hamzah, and the second
hamzah is either with a fathah, or a dhammah, or a kasrah.
ِ ٌ ‫ أَأ‬،‫(أَأَنذَرتَ ُهم‬
Example: )‫ أَإِنَا‬،‫نزل‬
Its rule:
The rule of Hafs in the two hamzahs next to each other in one word is reading with tahqeeq
‫ التَحقِيق‬such as ) ‫) أَأَنذَ ْرتَ ُه ْم‬.
Exception:
• There is one exception in the word (‫ ) أَأ َ ْع َجمِ ي‬in surah ‫ فصلت‬verse 44 , hafs reads it with
easing of the hamzah (‫ )تسهيل الهمزة الثانية‬so that it is between the hamzah and the alif.
• He reads )59 ‫ النمل‬، 59‫ ( ءهللا) (يونس‬، )143،144 ‫ (آلذَك ََري ِْن) (اّلنعام‬، )51،91 ‫ (أَ ْاآلنَ ) (يونس‬with
two ways in ‫همزة الوصل‬:
a) ‫ ا ْبدَال‬with six counts b) ‫ ت َ ْس ِهيل‬of the second hamzah with no medd
17
‫ستِ ْف َهامِا ْل ُمتَك َِر ِر ‪REPEATED QUESTIONS IN A PHRASE‬‬

‫اال ْ‬
‫‪Its definition:‬‬
‫‪Repeated question is a question that is repeated twice in a phrase and the questioning hamzah‬‬
‫‪has a fathah, and the second hamzah carries a kasrah. This occurs in nine surahs in eleven‬‬
‫‪positions.‬‬
‫‪{ -‬أَئِذَا ُكنَا ت ُ َرابا ً أَئِنَا لَفِي خ َْل ٍ‬

‫ق َجدِيدٍ} [سورة الرعد‪.]5:‬‬
‫ظاما ً َو ُرفَاتا ً أ َ ِإنَا لَ َم ْبعُوثُونَ } [سورة اإلسراء‪.]98 - 49 :‬‬

‫{وقَالُواْ أَئِذَا ُكنَا ِع َ‬
‫‪َ -‬‬
‫شةَ}‪ ،‬وقوله‪ - :‬عز وجل ‪{ -‬أَئِنَ ُك ْم لَت َأْتُونَ ِ‬

‫الر َجالَ} [سورة العنكبوت‪.]29,28 :‬‬ ‫‪{ -‬أ َإِنَ ُك ْم لَت َأْتُونَ ْالفَاحِ َ‬
‫ظاما ً أَئِنَا لَ َم ْبعُوثُونَ } [سورة المؤمنون‪.]82:‬‬

‫‪{ -‬قَالُوا أَئِذَا مِ تْنَا َو ُكنَا ت ُ َرابا ً َو ِع َ‬
‫{وقَا َل الَذِينَ َكف َُروا أَئِذَا ُكنَا ت ُ َرابا ً َوآبَا ُؤنَا أَئِنَا لَ ُم ْخ َر ُجونَ } [سورة النمل‪.]67 :‬‬
‫‪َ -‬‬
‫ظاما ً أَئِنَا لَ َم ْبعُوثُونَ } [سورة الصافات‪.]16 :‬‬
‫‪{ -‬أَئِذَا مِ تْنَا َو ُكنَا ت ُ َرابا ً َو ِع َ‬
‫ظاما ً أَئِنَا لَ َمدِينُونَ } [سورة الصافات‪.]53 :‬‬

‫‪{ -‬أَئِذَا مِ تْنَا َو ُكنَا ت ُ َرابا ً َو ِع َ‬
‫‪{ -‬أَئِذَا مِ تْنَا َو ُكنَا ت ُ َرابا ً ذَلِكَ َر ْج ٌع بَعِيدٌ} [سورة ق‪.]3 :‬‬
‫‪{.‬يَقُولُونَ أَئِنَا لَ َم ْردُودُونَ فِي ْال َحاف َِرةِ}‪،‬وقوله ‪ -‬عز وجل ‪{ :-‬أَئِذَا ُكنَا ِع َ‬
‫ظاما ً نَخِ َرةً} [سورة النازعات‪]11 - 10:‬‬
‫‪Its Rule:‬‬
‫‪Hafs reads with a question of the first and the second.‬‬
‫‪Exception:‬‬
‫‪There is one place of exception to this, in surah Al-‘Ankabut 28-29. In this place, he reads with‬‬
‫‪a proclamation of the first and a question of the second, thus the aayah of Al-‘Ankabut 28-29‬‬
‫‪is read as :‬‬
‫‪and Al-‘Ankabut 28-29‬‬
‫سبِي َل‬
‫طعُونَ ال َ‬ ‫سبَقَ ُكم بِ َها مِ ْن أ َ َح ٍد ِمنَ ْالعَالَمِ ينَ (‪ )28‬أَإِنَ ُك ْم لَت َأْتُونَ ِ‬
‫الر َجا َل َوت َ ْق َ‬ ‫شةَ َما َ‬‫طا إِذْ قَا َل ِلقَ ْومِ ِه إِنَ ُك ْم لَت َأْتُونَ ْالفَاحِ َ‬
‫(ولُو ً‬‫َ‬
‫صا ِدقِينَ ) (‪)29‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َّللا إِن كنتَ مِ نَ ال َ‬ ‫ب َِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اب قَ ْومِ ِه إِّل أن قَالوا ائتِنَا بِعَذا ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َوت َأتونَ فِي نَادِيك ُم ال ُمنك ََر فَ َما َكانَ َج َو َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪18‬‬
TWO HAMZAHS MEETING BETWEEN TWO WORDS
ِ ‫ا ْل َه ْم َزتَي‬
ِ ‫ْنِم ْنِ َك ِل َمتَ ْي‬
‫ن‬
Its definition: They are two hamzahs meeting between two words, the first hamzah is the last
letter of the first word and the second hamzah is the first letter of the second word.
Its Rule: The rule of Hafs in the two hamzahs next to each other in two words either having
exact vowels or having different vowels is reading with tahqeeq ‫ الت َحقِيق‬as in (‫ يَشَا ُء ِإلَى‬،ٌ‫) َجا َء أ َ َحد‬
THE SINGLE HAMZAH ‫ا ْل َه ْمزِا ْل ُم ْف َر ِد‬

Its definition: The single hamzah is a sole hamzah that has either sukoon or vowel.
َ ْ‫ بِئ‬، َ‫ ت َأْلَ ُمون‬، َ‫(يُؤْ مِ نُون‬

Its Rule: Hafs reads the single Hamzah with tahqeeq ‫ الت َحقِيق‬as in )‫س‬
• Hamzah Al Wasl precedes Hamzah al Qata' which is saakinah
If the Hamzah Al Wasl precedes Hamzah al Qata' which is saakinah so he makes ‫ ِإ ْبدَال‬of this
hamzah to ya’ or waw when starting only as in ) ‫ أ ُوت ُمِ ن‬،‫ ِإيت‬،‫) ِإيتُونِي‬.
• Hafs changes the Hamzah to ya’ in the following:
)71 ‫القصص‬،48 ‫ األنبياء‬، 5‫(ض َياء) (يونس‬ ِ ( - )27 ‫ِي الرأْي ِ ) (هود‬
ِ – )22‫ضيزَ ى) (النجم‬ َ ‫) َباد‬
)51 ‫ (ت ُ ْر ِجي) (اّلحزاب‬- )‫ (البرية) (البينة‬-(‫) النبي‬
• Hafs changes the Hamzah to waw inِthe following:
)106 ‫ (مرجون) ( التوبة‬- )‫ (النبوة‬- )‫ ( ُكفُ ًوا) (اّلخالص‬- )‫(هزوا‬
• Hafs reads with hamzah in the following:
)‫ (يَأ ْ ُجو َج َو َمأْ ُجو َج‬- )8 ‫) (الهمزة‬20 ‫صدَة ٌ) (البلد‬

َ ْ‫ ( ُمؤ‬- )30 ‫ضا ِهئُونَ ) ( التوبة‬
َ ُ‫(ي‬
َ َ َ
) َ‫ (أ َرأيْت‬- )ُ‫سأته‬ َ ْ َ
َ ‫ (مِ ن‬- )‫سأ َل‬َ ( - )‫ الصابئون‬/‫( الصابئين‬
19
َ ‫ِاإلد‬
Al-IDGHAAM ِ‫غام‬ ِ
If there are meeting of two voweled letters who are two alike or two similar or two close so the
َ ُ‫ ْال َم َالئِ َكة‬، ‫ْف‬
rule in Hafs is izhaar as in ) َ‫طيِبِين‬ َ ‫ يُن ِف ُق َكي‬،‫َارى‬
َ ‫سك‬ َ َ‫ ( الن‬except in the following:
ُ ‫اس‬
• In the 1st place ( ‫ ))قَالُواْ َيا أ َ َبانَا َما َلكَ ّلَ ت َأْ َمنَا‬in surat Yusuf verse 11 so this word is read with
either two possible ways:
o The first allowed way: (‫الروم‬/‫ ) ِإخت َِالس‬which means saying both noon clearly and
withholding a part of the vowel on the first noon.
o The second allowed way: (‫ )اّلشمام‬merging with a dammah of the two lips but
without making sound of dammah. The dammah comes after the merge.
• In the word )‫ ) َم َكنِي‬in Surah Akkahf verse 95 he reads with one noon with shaddah
• In ( َ‫) َهلَك‬28( ‫ ) َمالِي ْه‬in Surah ‫ الحاقة‬between verse 28 and 29 there are two allowable or
permissible options when joining these two aayaat together:
o The first allowed way:

‫ اظهار الهاء مع سكتة لطيفة عليها وذلك عند الوصل‬Making the first ‫ َهاء‬clear with a short stop
with no breath between the two words. This way is the prioritized or preferred one.
o The second allowed way of joining the two aayaat is:

‫ ادغام الهاء اّلولى في الثانية وصال‬Merging of the ‫ َهاء السكت‬with the ‫ َهاء‬that follows it. When
stopping he stops on ‫ الهاء‬in ‫ َمالِي ْه‬with sukoon.
20
MEETING OF TWO SAAKIN
Reading with vowel for the saakin before Hamzah Al Wasl to get rid of
meeting of the two saakin
Hafs reads the first sakin with kasrah, if the next saakin occurs in a verb that begins with hamzah
wasl and the third letter in the verb has dhammah or kasrah or fatha as )‫(ان ا ْعبُدوا‬ِ and
)‫عذَاب اركض‬
َ (and )‫شوا‬ ِ ( and )‫(قَو َما هللا‬
ُ ‫أن ام‬
TRANSFERRING THE VOWEL OF THE HAMZAH TO THE SAAKIN

LETTER BEFORE IT ‫النَ ْق ِل‬
Hafs does not make ‫ نَ ْقل‬in any word either in continuing or stopping. He reads for example
)‫ض‬ِ ‫ ( ْاأل َ ْر‬and ) َ‫ ( َم ْن َءا َمن‬with hamzah with ‫ت َ ْحقِيق‬
THE BREATHLESS PAUSE ‫ت‬

ِ ‫سِك‬
َ ‫ال‬
• Hafs reads with Obligatory Sakt (Stopping gently without breath) in the following:
)1،2‫)ع َِو َجا قيما) (الكهف‬
) 52‫) َم ْرقَ ِدنَا هذا) (يس‬
ٍ ‫) َم ْن َرا‬
(27 ‫ق ) (القيامة‬
)14‫)بَ ْل َرانَ ) (المطففين‬
• Hafs reads with Permitted Sakt in the following:
o The end of sūrat Al-Anfal with surat At-Tawbah
o In )29( َ‫) َه َلك‬28( ‫ َمالِي ْه‬in surat ‫ الحاقة‬between verse 28 and 29 . In this case there are two
allowed ways in joining the two ayas together.
a) Making the first ha’ clear with a short stop with no breath (sakt) between the two words.
b) Merging the two ha’ together
21
َ ‫ِاإلد‬
Al-ITHHAAR AND Al-IDGHAAM ‫غام‬ ِ ‫ارِو‬
َ ‫اإلظ َه‬
ِ
o ‫ ذال‬of ‫إذ‬
Hafs reads the ‫ ذال‬of )‫ )إذ‬with izhaar at the letters ) ‫ الصاد‬،‫ السين‬،‫ الزاى‬،‫ الدال‬،‫ الجيم‬،‫ )التاء‬but he
َ ْ‫ إِذ‬، ‫َب‬
makes idgham with )‫ ) الظاء) ( ذال‬as for example in ) ‫ظلَ ُموا‬ َ ‫(إِذْ ذَه‬.
o ‫ دال‬of ‫قد‬
Hafs reads the ‫دال‬ of ) ‫ ( قَ ْد‬with izhaar at the letters

)‫ الظاء‬،‫ الضاد‬،‫ الصاد‬،‫ الشين‬،‫ السين‬،‫ الزاى‬،‫ الذال‬،‫( الجيم‬ and he makes idgham with )‫ الدال‬،‫ (التاء‬as for
example in )‫ َوقَدْ دَ َخلُوا‬، َ‫)قَدْ تَبَيَن‬.
o ‫تاء التأنيث‬
Hafs reads the ‫ تاء التأنيث‬with izhaar that is connected to a verb at the letters
)‫الظاء‬، ‫ الصاد‬،‫ السين‬،‫ الزاي‬،‫ الجيم‬،‫ )الثاء‬and he reads with idgham at )‫ الطاء‬،‫الدال‬،‫ )التاء‬as for example
in( ٌ‫طائِفَة‬
َ ‫َت‬ ْ َ‫ أ ُ ِجيب‬، ‫ارت ُ ُه ْم‬
ْ ‫ فَآ َمن‬، ‫ت دَع َْوت ُ ُك َما‬ ْ ‫( َربِ َح‬.
َ ‫ت تِ َج‬
o ‫ بل‬/‫هل‬
Hafs reads with izhaar of ‫ (هل وبل) ّلم‬with )‫ النون‬،‫ الظاء‬،‫ الطاء‬،‫ الضاد‬،‫ السين‬،‫ الزاى‬،‫ الثاء‬،‫(التاء‬ and
he reads with idgham in )‫ راء‬،‫ (ّلم‬as for example ) ‫ بَ ْل َربُّ ُك ْم‬، َ‫ بَ ْل َّل ت ُ ْك ِر ُمون‬، ‫ ( ه َْل لَ ُك ْم‬.
o The two close to each others
Hafs doesn’t make idgham for the two close to each other except in:
ْ ‫ (يَ ْل َه‬he makes idghaam.
ْ ، )176 ‫ث ذَلِكَ ) (اّلعراف‬
)42 ‫(ار َكبْ َمعَنَا) (هود‬
In the word (‫ ) نَ ْخلُق ُّكم‬in surah (‫ )المرسالت‬the prioritized way is to make complete idgham but he
has another way which is incomplete idgham but the complete idgham is preferable.
He reads with idgham of ‫ (قل) ّلم‬with (‫ راء‬،‫ )ّلم‬as for example ) ‫ قل رب‬،‫)قل لمن‬
22
RULES OF MEEM SAAKINAHِِِ‫سِا ِِكنَِة‬ ِ ‫أَحْ كَامِا ْل‬

َ ‫ِمِيمِال‬
Hafs makes ithhaar of meem saakinah at all letters except the meem and ba’ so he makes
َ ‫( َولَ ُك ْم َما َك‬
ikhfa’ with ba’ as )ِ‫( هُ ْم بِه‬and idghaam with meen as ) ‫س ْبت ُ ْم‬
THE FATH AND THE IMAALAHِِ‫تحِواإل َمالَة‬

ِْ َ‫ِا ْلف‬
Hafs reads with fath in all words except in the word ) 41‫ ( َم ْجراهَا ) (سورة هود‬he reads with
imaalah .
THE LETTER RA' ‫الراء‬
The Ra’ is read with tarqeeq if it is has a kasrah as ) ُ‫ ;( ي ُِريد‬or of it is saakinah after a kasrah
which is from the origin of the word as ) ُ‫(وا ْست َ ْغف ِْره‬
َ ) َ‫ع ْون‬
َ ‫ (ف ِْر‬but if after it is a letter of Isti’laa
connected to it so it will be read with tafkheem as ) ‫اس‬ ٍ ‫ط‬ َ ‫( ف ِْرقَ ٍة ) (لبالمرصاد) (ق ِْر‬. In the word
)‫ق‬
ٍ ‫ ( ف ِْر‬it has two ways tafkheem and tarqeeq. If the letter of Isti’laa is separated it will be read
with tarqeeq as ) َ‫( أَ ْنذ ِْر قَ ْو َمك‬.
The Ra’ is read with tafkheem if it has a fathah as )‫ب‬ َ (or dammah as ) َ‫ ( يَأْتَمِ ُرون‬and if it
َ ‫ض َر‬
saakinah and the letter before it has fathah or dammah as (‫ ;)يَ ْر ِجعُونَ ) ( ي ُْر َج ُع‬or if it is saakinah
and the letter before it has kasrah not from the origin of the word as )‫ضى‬ َ َ‫ارت‬
ْ ).
On stopping on the Ra’ it will be pronounced with tarqeeq if before it there is kasrah as ) ‫;)قُد َِر‬
even if there is a letter between the Ra’ and the kasrah as ) ‫( حِ ْج ٍر‬. Also if before it there is ya’
saakinah as stopping on )‫غيْر‬ َ ( )‫ ( قَدِير‬. In other places so it will pronounced with tafkheem as
stopping on ( ‫ ال ُك ْف َر‬،‫ النُّذُ ِر‬،‫البَحْ َر‬،‫ ْالقَ َم َر‬،‫غفُور‬
ْ ْ َ َ‫)الن‬
َ ،‫ار‬
The Ra’ can be read with either tafkheem or tarqeeq if the Ra’ has sukoon before a deleted ya’
as in ) ‫ ( َيس ِْر‬because its origin is ) ‫ى‬
ِ ‫( َيسْر‬. The tarqeeq is prioritized because it refers to the
deleted ya’.
When stopping on ) ‫صر‬ ْ ِ‫ ( م‬there are two ways tafkheem and tarqeeq but the tafkheem is
prioritized. When stopping on ) ‫ِط ِر‬ْ ‫عيْنَ ْالق‬
َ ( there are two ways tafkheem and tarqeeq but the
tarqeeq is prioritized.
THE LETTER LAAM

Hafs reads the laam with tarqeeq; except in the laam of Name of Allah ‫ هللا‬he reads with
ِ ‫س ُل‬
tafkheem if what precedes it has fathah or dammah as ) ‫َّللا‬ ِ َ َ‫ ) مِ ن‬and also if it is in the
ُ ‫ ُر‬، ‫َّللا‬
َ ‫(هللا َخا ِلق ُكل‬.
beginning of the verse as )‫شئ‬
ِ َ ‫ بِس ِْم‬،‫الل‬
Hafs reads with tarqeeq of laam of ‫ هللا‬if is preceded with kasrah as ) ‫َّللا‬ ِ َ ِ‫) ب‬.
23
THE SEVEN ALIF
Hafs read with dropping the alif in continuing and keeping it in stopping in the following:
o ‫ أنَا‬in all its occurrence in the Qura’n
َ ‫لَ ِكنَا ه َُو‬

o )38 ‫َّللاُ َربِي (الكهف‬
ُّ ‫الل ال‬
o )10 ‫ظنُونَا (األحزاب‬ ُ َ ‫َوت‬
ِ َ ‫ظنُّونَ ِب‬
َ ‫س‬
o )66 ‫وّل (األحزاب‬ ُ ‫الر‬ َ َ ‫َّللا َوأ‬
َ ‫ط ْعنَا‬ َ َ‫أ‬
َ َ ‫ط ْعنَا‬
َ ‫ضلُّونَا ال‬
َ ‫س ِب‬
o )67 ‫يال (األحزاب‬ َ َ ‫فَأ‬
o َ ‫َت قَ َو ِار‬
)15 ‫يرا (اإلنسان‬ ٍ ‫ض ٍة َوأَ ْك َوا‬
ْ ‫ب كَان‬ َ ِ‫علَ ْي ِهم بِآنِيَ ٍة ِمن ف‬
َ ‫اف‬
ُ ‫ط‬َ ُ‫َوي‬
N.B. The alif of ‫ قواريرا‬in both occurrences in ayah 15 and 16 is dropped when
continuing reading.
In stopping: Keeping the alif in the first occurrence in ayah 15
Deleting the alif in the second occurrence in ayah 16 because it is not from the seven
alif
َ َ‫إِنَا أ َ ْعتَدْنَا ل ِْلكَاف ِِرين‬

o )4 ‫س َالس َِال (اإلنسان‬
In stopping: Keeping the alif )‫س َالس َِال‬

َ ( ; or Dropping the alif and reading laam with
sukoon )‫س َالس ِْل‬
َ (
In continuing: Dropping the alif and reading the laam with fathah
24
‫سِومِاِْل َخِط ‪STOPPING ON THE WRITTEN WORD‬‬ ‫الو ْقِفِ َِ‬

‫علَِىِ َم ِْ‬
‫ِر ُ‬ ‫َِ‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪َ that is drawn with ta’ in a test or in an emergency in the‬هاء الت َأنِيث ‪Hafs stops with ta’ on‬‬
‫‪following:‬‬
‫ت َر ِبكَ (مريم ‪ ،2‬الزخرف ‪َ and )32‬ر ْح َمتَ هللا( البقرة ‪ ،218‬األعراف ‪ ،56‬هود ‪ ،73‬الروم ‪)50‬‬ ‫َرحْ َم ِ‬
‫َّللا(البقرة ‪ ،231‬أل عمران ‪ ،103‬المائدة ‪ ،11‬ابراهيم ‪ ،28،34‬النحل ‪ ،72،83،114‬لقمان ‪ ،31‬فاطر ‪and )3‬‬ ‫نِ ْع َمتَ َ ِ‬
‫ت َربِكَ (الطور ‪and )29‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ع ْونَ (القصص ‪ْ and )9‬ام َرأتُ ِع ْم َرانَ (ال عمران ‪ and )35‬بِنِ ْع َم ِ‬ ‫ْام َرأَتُ ف ِْر َ‬
‫يز(يوسف ‪and )30،51‬‬ ‫وح َوا ْم َرأَتَ لُوطٍ (التحريم ‪ْ and )10‬ام َرأَتُ ْالعَ ِز ِ‬
‫ع ْونَ (التحريم ‪ and )11‬ا ْم َرأَتَ نُ ٍ‬‫ْام َرأَتَ ف ِْر َ‬
‫ْاأل َ َولِينَ (األنفال ‪ ،38‬فاطر‪and )42،43‬‬ ‫سنَتُ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫‪and‬‬ ‫َّللا (فاطر ‪ ،43‬غافر ‪)85‬‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫سنَتَ‬‫) ُ‬
‫َّللا (ال عمران ‪ ،6‬النور ‪and )8‬‬ ‫ب (يوسف ‪ and )10،15‬لَ ْعنَتَ َ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ت ال ُج ِ‬‫غيَابَ ِ‬‫َ‬ ‫سو ِل ( المجادلة ‪and ) 8،9‬‬
‫الر ُ‬‫ت َ‬ ‫صيَ ِ‬ ‫َو َم ْع ِ‬
‫عي ٍْن (القصص ‪ and )29‬بَ ِقيَتُ َ ِ‬
‫َّللا (هود ‪and )86‬‬ ‫َّللا (الروم ‪ and )30‬قُ َرتُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫الزقوم (الدخان ‪ and )43‬فِط َرتَ َ ِ‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫ش َج َرتَ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِيم (الواقعة ‪and )89‬‬ ‫َو َجنَتُ نَع ٍ‬ ‫ت مِ ْنهُ (فاطر ‪ and)40‬ا ْبنَتَ ع ِْم َرانَ (التحريم ‪and )12‬‬ ‫بَيِنَ ٍ‬
‫صف ٌر (المرسالت ‪and )33‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِج َمالَتٌ ُ‬ ‫كلمت ربك (اّلنعام ‪ ،115‬اّلعراف ‪ ،137‬يونس ‪ ،96 ،33‬غافر‪and )6‬‬
‫ت (سبأ‪and )37‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪ and‬الغُ ُرفَا ِ‬ ‫آيَاتٌ لِلسَائِلِينَ ( يوسف‪ and ) 7‬آيَاتٌ مِ ْن َربِ ِه (العنكبوت ‪)50‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ت مِ ْن أك َمامِ َها (فصلت ‪and ) 47‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪.‬ث َم َرا ٍ‬
‫‪).‬يَا أَبَتِ‪َ ،‬م ْر َ‬

‫ضاتِ‪َ ،‬ه ْي َهاتَ ‪َ ،‬و َّلتَ ‪َ ،‬‬
‫الالتَ ‪ ،‬ذَاتَ ( ‪o Hafs stops with ta’ on‬‬
‫; ) َو ْي َكأَنَهُ) ‪) ; and‬أَيُّهَ) (النور ‪ ،31‬الزخرف ‪ ،49‬الرحمن‪o Hafs stops with ha’ saakinah on )31‬‬
‫) َو َكأَيِن) ( َو ْي َكأ َ َن) ‪o He stops with noon of‬‬
‫)أَيًّا َما تَدْعُوا((اّلسراء ‪َ ( of )110‬ما ) ( أَيًّا) ‪o He stops on both‬‬
‫سو ِل ) (الفرقان ‪َ ( ، )7‬ما ِل َهؤ َُّلءِ ) (النساء‪o He stops on laam of )78‬‬ ‫) َما ِل َهذَا َ‬
‫الر ُ‬
‫)فَ َما ِل الَذِينَ َكف َُروا ) (المعارج ‪)36‬‬
‫‪( .‬هاد) (واق) (وال) (باق ) ‪o He stops with ya’ on‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
ATTACHED YA’ INDICATING “ME” OR “MY”ِ‫ضِافَِة‬

َ ‫ِيَِا َءِاتِاال‬
Definition: Ya’at il-iḍafah is ya’-il-mutakallim, which can appear on a noun, verb or letter.
The difference that the narrators have concerning the ya’ al-iḍafah is whether it should be read
with fath or sukoon.
a) Possessive yaِ’before ‫همزةِالقطع‬:
Hafs stops with sukoon on ‫ ياء اّلضافة‬if it comes before ‫ همزة القطع‬either this hamzah has fathah
or dammah or Kasrah as )‫ ( َوإِنِي أُعِيذُهَا) )مِ نِي ۖ إِنَكَ ) ) إِنِي أَ ْعلَ ُم‬except the words that are excluded
from the rule.
There are exceptions in thirteen places in )28 ‫ِي ِإ َليْكَ ) (المائدة‬ َ ‫ ( َيد‬and )116 ‫ي)(المائدة‬ ُ
o َ ‫) َوأ ِم‬
and )116‫ِي أ َ َبدًا) (التوبة‬
َ ‫ ) َمع‬and )27 ‫ِي أ َ ْو َرحِ َمنَا() الملك‬
َ ‫ ) َمع‬and ) ‫ي ِإ َّل‬َ ‫ )أ َ ْج ِر‬in its nine positions in
)47 ‫ سبأ‬،180 ،164 ،145 ،127 ،109 ‫ الشعراء‬،51،29 ‫هود‬،72 ‫(يونس‬.
b) Possessive ya’ِ before ‫همزةِالوصل‬:
o Hafs stops with sukoon on ‫ ياء اّلضافة‬that comes before ‫ همزة الوصل‬other than ‫ ال التعريف‬as
in )41 ‫ ) ِلنَ ْفسِي اذْهَبْ ) (طه‬and )43 ‫ ) ِل ِذ ْك ِري اذْ َهبْا( (طه‬and )31 ‫)أَخِ ي ا ْشدُدْ ) (طه‬
and )144 ‫طفَ ْيتُكَ ) (األعراف‬ ْ ‫ ) ِإنِي ا‬and )28،30 ‫ قَ ْومِ ي ات َ َخذُوا) (الفرقان‬، ُ‫( َيا لَ ْيتَنِي ات َ َخذْت‬
َ ‫ص‬
and )6 ‫ ( َب ْعدِي ا ْس ُمهُ) (الصف‬.
o Hafs reads the ya’ that comes before ‫ ّلم التعريف‬with fathah a ) َ‫ِي الَذِين‬ َ ‫ آيَات‬، ‫ي ا َلذِي‬
َ ‫ ; ) َر ِب‬except
َ ‫ع ْهدِي ال‬
in ) َ‫ظالِمِ ين‬ َ ( he reads it with sukoon and deleting the ya’ in continuing and keeping
it with sukoon when stopping.
c) Possessive ya’ِ before any other letter:
o Hafs reads the ya’ with sukoon in )5 ‫ ) مِ ْن َو َرائِي ) (مريم‬and )56 ‫ضي َوا ِسعَةٌ ) (العنكبوت‬ ِ ‫ )أ َ ْر‬and
)47 ‫ش َركَائِي قَالُوا) (فصلت‬
ُ ) and )21 ‫ون ) (الدخان‬ِ ُ‫ ) َو ِإ ْن لَ ْم تُؤْ مِ نُوا لِي فَا ْعت َِزل‬and )186 ‫) َو ْليُؤْ مِ نُوا ِبي ( (البقرة‬
and )153 ‫ص َراطِ ي ُم ْستَقِي ًما) (األنعام‬
ِ ) and )162 ‫(َ َم َماتِي ) (األنعام‬.
o Hafs reads ya’ with fathah in )79 ،20 ‫ي ) (ال عمران‬ َ ‫ ) َو ْج ِه‬، )28،‫ نوح‬،26 ‫ الحج‬،125 ‫ِي) (البقرة‬ َ ‫) َب ْيت‬
and )162 ‫اي) (األنعام‬ َ ‫ ) َو َم ْح َي‬and )105 ‫ِي َبنِي ِإس َْرائِيلَ) (اّلعراف‬ َ ‫ ) َمع‬and )83 ‫عد ًُّوا ) (التوبة‬َ ‫ِي‬
َ ‫) َمع‬
and )67،72،75 ‫صب ًْرا( (الكهف‬ َ ‫ِي‬
َ ‫ ) َمع‬and )24 ‫ِي ( (األنبياء‬ َ ‫َمع‬ ‫َم ْن‬ ‫) ِذ ْك ُر‬
and )63،178 ‫ِي مِ نَ ) (الشعراء‬ َ ‫ِي َر ِبي) ( َو َم ْن َمع‬ َ ‫) َمع‬ and )34 ‫ِي ِردْ ًءا( (القصص‬ َ ‫) َمع‬
and )22،69 ‫ِي) (ابراهيم‬ َ ‫ ) َو َما َكانَ ل‬and )18 ‫ِي فِي َها) (طه‬ َ ‫ ) َول‬and )20 ‫ِي َّل أ َ َرى ( ) النمل‬ َ ‫) َما ل‬
and )22 ‫ِي َّل أَ ْعبُدُ( (يس‬
َ ‫ ) َو َما ل‬and )23 ‫ِي نَ ْع َجةٌ ) (ص‬ َ ‫ ) َول‬and )6 ‫ِين ( (الكافرون‬ ِ ‫ِي د‬
َ ‫) َول‬.
26
EXTRA YA’AT ‫ِاتِالزوِائِِد‬

َ ‫يَِا َء‬
Definition: The Extra Letter ya’ is the extra ya’ in pronunciation at the end of the word that is
not written.
ٌ ‫ ) َيا ِع َبا ِد َّل خ َْو‬.

o Hafs deletes the ya’ either in stopping or continuing in )68 ‫ف ) (الزخرف‬
o He deletes the ya’ from any word attached to ‫ ياء زائدة‬as in )‫ون‬ ِ ‫ان) ) أَ ْش َر ْكت ُ ُم‬
ِ ‫ع‬َ َ‫َاع ِإذَا د‬
ِ ‫ ) الد‬except
َ ‫ِي‬
the ya’ of ) 36 ‫َّللاُ ( (النمل‬ َ ‫ )فَ َما آت َان‬he reads it with ya’ with fathah in continuing but in stopping
the preferred is pronouncing the ya’ from El Tayseer way .
َ and )178 ‫ ) ْال ُم ْهتَدِي) ( األعراف‬in

o All narrators pronounce the ya’ of )150 ‫)وا ْخش َْونِي ) (البقرة‬
continuing and stopping.
The difference between The 'Attached Suffix Letter ya' and The Extra Letter ya'
The Attached Suffix Letter ya' The Extra Letter ya'
Written in the text of the Mushaf Deleted from the text of the Mushaf
Comes in nouns, verbs and letters Comes in nouns and verbs
Not related to the original letters of the word May be one of the original letters of the
word or an extra letter
The readers differ in reading it with fatha or The readers differ in reading the drawn
sukoon. yā` or omitting it .
27
REFERENCES
• ُ ُ ‫َعريف ِب ْالق َِراء ْال َع ْشر َو ُر َواتِ ِهم َوأ‬

‫صول ْالق َِرا َءات ْال َع ْشر‬ ِ ‫" ت‬by Aly Mohamed Tawfeek Al Nahaas
• "‫النيرات فِي الق َِرا َءات‬

َ ُ ُ ‫ "األ‬by Amany Ashour
‫صول‬
• "‫اصم‬
ِ ‫ع‬ ُ ُ ‫ " أ‬by Wafaa Sherif
َ ‫صول‬
َ‫ضاه ُ َو َأ ْدخِ ْلنِي ب ِ َر ْح َمتِكَ فِي ِعبَادِك‬ َ ‫ي َو َأ ْن َأ ْع َم َل‬

َ ‫صا ِل ًحا ت َْر‬ َ ‫َربِ َأ ْو ِز ْعنِي َأ ْن َأ ْش ُك َر نِعْ َمتَكَ ا َلتِي َأ ْنعَمْتَ عَ َل‬
َ َ‫ي َوعَ َلى َوا ِلد‬
َ‫صالِحِ ين‬
َ ‫ال‬
My Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favor which you have bestowed upon me and
upon my parents and to do righteousness of which You approve. And admit me by your mercy
into the ranks of your righteous servants. (Quran 27:19)
28
INDEX
The Imam Biography 5
RULES OF SHU’BA NARRATION
The pronoun Ha' 6

Two Hamzahs next to each other in one word 6
Repeated Questions in a Phrase 7

The Single Hamzah 8
The Breathless Pause 8
Al-Ithhaar and Al-Idghaam 8
The Fath and the Imaalah 9
Attached Ya’ indicating “me” or “my” 10
Extra Ya’at 10
29
RULES OF HAFS NARRATION
Al-Basmalah 11
Plural Meem 12
The pronoun Ha' 13
The Lengthening 15
Two Hamzahs next to each other in one word 17
Repeated Questions in a Phrase 18
Two hamzahs meeting between two words 19
The Single Hamzah 19
Al-Idghaam 20
Meeting of two Saakin 21
Transferring the vowel of the hamzah to the saakin letter before it 21
The Breathless Pause 21
Al-Ithhaar and Al-Idghaam 22
Rules of Meem Saakinah 23
The Fath and the Imaalah 23
The Letter Ra' 23
The Letter Laam 23
The Seven Alif 24
Stopping on the written word 25
Attached Ya’ indicating “me” or “my” 26
Extra Ya’at 27
30
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Rules of Shu'bah and Hafs

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Rules of Shu'bah and Hafs

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Rules of Shu’ba and Hafs ‘An ‘Aasim Narration

The servant of the Qur'an

• Skype ID: marwa.el.gindy

THE NOBLE QUR'AN

Virtues of reading the Qur'an and learning and teaching:

THE IMAM BIOGRAPHY

Imam ‘Aasim has two rawis: Shu’bah and Hafs

RULES OF SHU’BA NARRATION

THE PRONOUN HA' ‫اءِاَ ْل ِكنَاي ِة‬

َ ‫ ) َو َما أ َ ْن‬and )10 ‫علَ ْي ِه هللا ) (الفتح‬

TWO HAMZAHS NEXT TO EACH OTHER IN ONE WORD

• Shu’bah reads with two hamzahs in the following:

)49 ‫ الشعراء‬،71 ‫طه‬،124 ‫(أأامنتم) (األعراف‬

)113 ‫(أإن لنا) (األعراف‬

َ ِ‫(أإنكم لَتَأْتُونَ ْالفَاح‬

)44 ‫) أَأَ ْع َجمِ ي ( (فصلت‬

َ ِ‫) أإنكم لَت َأْتُونَ ْالفَاح‬

)66 ‫(أَ ِإنَا لَ ُم ْغ َر ُمونَ ) (الواقعة‬

)14 ‫(أَأ َ ْن َكانَ ) (القلم‬

‫ستِ ْف َهامِا ْل ُمتَك َِر ِر ‪REPEATED QUESTIONS IN A PHRASE‬‬

‫‪ { -‬أَءِ ذَا ُكنَا ت ُ َرابا ً أَئِنَا لَفِي خ َْل ٍ‬

‫ظاما ً َو ُرفَاتا ً أَإِنَا لَ َم ْبعُوثُونَ } [سورة اإلسراء‪.]98 - 49 :‬‬

‫شةَ}‪ ،‬وقوله‪ - :‬عز وجل ‪{ -‬أَئِنَ ُك ْم لَت َأْتُونَ ِ‬

‫ظاما ً أَئِنَا لَ َم ْبعُوثُونَ } [سورة المؤمنون‪.]82:‬‬

‫ظاما ً أَئِنَا لَ َمدِينُونَ } [سورة الصافات‪.]53 :‬‬

‫ض أَءِ نَا لَفِي خَل ٍ‬

THE SINGLE HAMZAH ‫ا ْل َه ْمزِا ْل ُم ْف َر ِد‬

ِ ُ ‫) –( ت‬106 ‫ ( ُمر َجئُون) (التوبة‬- )4 ‫ ( ُكفُؤا) (اّلخالص‬- )‫)ه ُُزؤا‬

THE BREATHLESS PAUSE ‫ت‬

Shu’ba reads with Permitted Sakt in the following:

• The end of sūrat Al-Anfal with surat At-Tawbah

b) Merging the two ha’ together

THE IMAALAH ‫اإل َمالَة‬

Shu'bah reads with imaalah in the following cases:

o The alif of ‫أَد َْراكَ – أَد َْرا ُك ْم‬

o He reads with imaalah when stopping on )58 ‫س َوى( (طه‬

o He reads with dammah of meem without imaalah in )‫جراها‬

ATTACHED YA’ INDICATING “ME” OR “MY”ِ‫ضِافَِة‬

• Shu'bah reads the ya’ with sukoon in the following:

)28 ‫ نوح‬،26 ‫ الحج‬،125 ‫(بَ ْيتِي) (البقرة‬

)79 ‫ اّلنعام‬، 20 ‫) َوجْ ِهي((ال عمران‬

28 ‫( َيدِي ِإلَيْكَ ) (المائدة‬

)116 ‫(أمي) (المائدة‬

(‫ )أَجْ ِري إِ َّل‬in all places it occurs in Quran;

)‫ ( َمعِي‬in all places it occurs in Quran ;

)69 ‫ ص‬،22 ‫(و َما َكانَ لِي) (ابراهيم‬

)33‫(لِي نَ ْع َجة) (ص‬

)6 ‫(لِي دين) (الكافرون‬

• Shu'bah reads the ya’ with fatha in the following

)6 ‫ِى ا ْس ُمهُ( (الصف‬

EXTRA YA’AT ‫ِاتِالزوِائِِد‬

RULES OF HAFS NARRATION

AL BASMALAH ‫س َملَ ِة‬

Rule of Basmalah between two surahs:

PLURAL MEEM ‫ِم ِيمِاَ ْل َجمع‬

Signs of Plural meem:

b) Not original meem

Rule of Plural meem followed with a voweled letter:

Rule of Plural meem followed with a saakin letter:

THE PRONOUN HA' ‫اءِاَ ْل ِكنَاي ِة‬

Cases of pronoun ha':