s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno

lzIfs, sd{rf/L ;]jf lgodfjnL

@)^(

k|sfzsM
s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno
/fdk'/, lrtjg, g]kfn
www.afu.edu.np
s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno

lzIfs, sd{rf/L ;]jf lgodfjnL

@)^(

-@)&%.%.@( ;Ddsf] ;+zf]wg;lxt_

 s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno
lzIfs, sd{rf/L ;]jf lgodfjnL @)^(
ljifo ;"rL
s|=;+= ljifo kl/R5]b k[i7
1 k|f/lDes 1 1
lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] b/jGbLsf] l;h{gf / kbsf]
2 juL{s/0f 2 4

3 ;]jf ;'/Iff 3 12
4 ;?jf 4 13
5 xflh/L / ljbf 5 15
6 tnj, eQf, cf}ifwL pkrf/, bz}v + r{ / ;'ljwfx? 6 23
7 cjsfz 7 27
8 pkbfg / lgj[lQe/0f 8 30
9 lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] ;+rosf]if / ;fk6L 9 37
10 lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0f 10 38
11 ljefuLo sf/jfxL, ;hfo / k'g/fj]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf 11 41
12 ljZjljBfno ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ 12 46
13 ljZjljBfno ;]jf cfof]usf] a}7s / lg0f{o 13 47
ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] k/LIff ;~rfng /
14 kf7\oqmd lgwf{/0f 14 48

15 ljZjljBfno ;]jf;Fu k/fdz{ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw 15 50

16 lg/LIf0f 16 51
17 clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg 17 52
18 k'g/fj]bg cfof]u 18 55
19 ljljw 19 58
 s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno
lzIfs, sd{rf/L ;]jf lgodfjnL @)^(
s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno P]g, @)^& sf] bkmf #! / $# n] lbPsf]
clwsf/ k|of]u u/L s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno ;efn] b]xfosf
lgodx? agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b – !
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM -!_ of] lgodsf] gfd s[lif tyf jg lj1fg
ljZjljBfno lzIfs, sd{rf/L ;]jf lgodfjnL @)^( /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgod t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiffM -!_ ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ nfu]df jfx]s o; lgoddfM
-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno P]g, @)^&
;Demg' kb{5  .
-v_ ælgodÆ eGgfn] s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno lzIfs,
sd{rf/L ;]jf lgodfjnL @)^( ;Demg' kb{5 .
-u_ æljZjljBfnoÆ eGgfn] s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno
;Demg' kb{5 .
-3_ æ;efÆ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf & adf]lhdsf] ljZjljBfnosf] ;ef
;Demg' kb{5 .
-ª_ æsfo{sf/L kl/ifb\Æ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf !@ adf]lhdsf] sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-r_ æ;]jf cfof]uÆ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf @! adf]lhd ul7t ;]jf
cfof]u ;Demg' kb{5 .
-5_ æk'g/fj]bg cfof]uÆ eGgfn] o;} lgodsf] kl/R5]b– !* jdf]lhd
u7g ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cfof]u ;Demg' kb{5 .
-h_ æcWoIfÆ eGgfn] o;} lgodsf] kl/R5]b– !@ sf] k|fof]hgsf]
nflu ;]jf cfof]usf] / kl/R5]b– !* k|of]hgsf] nflu k'g/fj]bg
cfof]usf] cWoIfnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-em_ æ;b:oÆ eGgfn] o; P]gsf] bkmf @! sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;]jf
1
 cfof]usf] ;b:o / kl/R5]b !* nflu k'g/fj]bg cfof]usf]]
;b:o ;Demg' kb{5 .
-`_ æ;+sfoÆ eGgfn] ljZjljBfnosf] ;+sfonfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-6_ æljefuÆ eGgfn] ljZjljBfnosf] s]Gb|Lo ljefu jf lzIf0f
ljefux? ;Demg' kb{5 .
-7_ ælgsfoÆ eGgfn] ljZjljBfnodf /x]sf] jf ;f] cGtu{tsf] s'g}
klg lgsfo jf sfof{no ;Demg' kb{5 .
-8_ ækbflwsf/LÆ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf ^ adf]lhdsf kbflwsf/Lx?
;Demg' kb{5 .
-9_ æpks'nkltÆ eGgfn] ljZjljBfnosf pks'nklt ;Demg'
kb{5 .
-0f_ æ/lhi6«f/Æ eGgfn] ljZjljBfnosf /lhi6«f/ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-t_ æ8LgÆ eGgfn] ljZjljBfnosf] ;+sfo, :s"n / sn]hsf] 8Lg
;Demg' kb{5
1+
-t!_ æk|lG;knÆ eGgfn] cf+lus jf ;DaGwg k|fKt sn]hsf]
lk|lG;knnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-y_ ælzIfsÆ eGgfn] ljZjljBfnosf] jxfnjfnf lzIfs ;Demg'
kb{5 .
-b_ æsd{rf/LÆ eGgfn] ljZjljBfnosf] jxfnjfnf sd{rf/L
;Demg' kb{5 .
-w_ æk|d'vÆ eGgfn] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf kbflwsf/df jf sfo{/t
/x]sf] lgsfo jf sfof{nosf] k|d'v ;Demg' kb{5 .
-g_ æljZjljBfno ;]jfÆ eGgfn] ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf cGo
sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf ;Demg' kb{5 .
-k_ æclVtof/jfnfÆ eGgfn] tf]lssf] clVtof/jfnf ;Demg' kb{5 .
-km_ æpkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f sf]ifÆ eGgfn] ljZjljBfnosf] cfly{s,
k|zf;g lgodfjnL jdf]lhd :yfkgf ul/Psf] ljZjljBfnosf]
pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f sf]if ;Demg' kb{5 .
-j_ ætf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsPadf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; lgod / o; lgod
cGtu{tsf lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlw jf sfo{Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL
adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsPadf]lhd ;Demg' kb{5 .
+
1 rf}yf] ;+zf]wg @)&# åf/f yk
2
 -@_ afwf c8sfp km'sfpg]M of] lgodfjnLsf] sfof{Gjog ubf{
jf ljZjljBfnosf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ s'g} lsl;dsf] afwf
c8sfp cfPdf ;f] afwf c8sfp km'sfpg] clwsf/ sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\nfO{ x'g]5 . of] lgodfjnL sfof{Gjog ug{ s'g} laz]if
Aoa:yf ug'kg]{ ePdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] lg0f{o u/L ;f] Aoa:yf
ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L 2∗Joj:yf ul/Psf] lg0f{o cfp+bf] ;efjf6
cg'df]bg ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ lgodfjnLsf] AofVofM o; lgodfjnLsf] AofVof ug]{ clwsf/
sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\nfO{ x'g]5  .
-$_ sfd, sf/jfxL a}w x'g]M of] lgodfjnL nfu' x'g'eGbf cuf8L
sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\ jf pks'nklt jf /lhi6«f/ jf cGo kbflwsf/Ln]
u/] u/fPsf] lzIfs, sd{rf/L ;]jf ;DaGwL sfd, sf/jfxL o;}
lgod adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg] 5 .
-%_ arfpM ljZjljBfno P]g, lgod adf]lhd ljZjljBfnosf
kbflwsf/L lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] c;n lgotn] u/]sf s'g}
sfd sf/jfxLsf ;DaGwdf lghx? pk/ d'4f rnfOg] jf cGo
s'g} sfg'gL sf/jflx ul/g] 5}g .
-^_ P]gsf] dg;fo adf]lhd AofVof ug'{kg]{M ljZjljBfno P]gdf
k|o'Qm zAb / jfSof+zx? o; lgodfjnLdf k|of]u ePsf]df
k|;+ua; csf]{ cy{ nfu]df lt afSof+z / zAbx?sf] AofVof
P]gs} k|;+u cg'?k ul/g] 5 .
∗
2 klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&) 4f/f JofVofsf] ;§f Joj:yf zAb /flvPsf] .

3
 kl/R5]b – @
lZfIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] b/jGbL] ;[h{gf / kbsf] juL{s/0f
#= b/jGbLsf] ;[h{gfM ljZjljBfnodf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] b/aGbL
sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]adf]lhd /xg]5 .
$= kb tyf >]0fLx?sf] jlu{s/0fM -!_ ljZjljBfnodf b]xfosf kb tyf
>]0fLx? /xg]5g\M
-s_ lzIfs
kb >]0fL
!= k|fWofks ljlzi6
@= ;x–k|fWofks k|yd
#= pk–k|fWofks jf ;f] ;/x låtLo
$= lzIf0f ;xfos jf ;f] ;/x t[tLo
-v_ clws[t :t/sf sd{rf/L
kb >]0fL
!= k|zf;s jf ;f] ;/x ljlzi6
@= ;x–k|zf;s jf ;f] ;/x k|yd
#= pk–k|zf;s jf ;f] ;/x låtLo
$= ;xfos k|zf;s jf ;f] ;/x t[tLo
-u_ ;xfos :t/sf sd{rf/L ;xfos
!= x]8 cl;:6]G6 -sd= sDKo"6/ ck/]6/_
@= cl;i6]G6 jf ;f] ;/x -sd= sDKo"6/ ck/]6/_
#= ;kf]6{ :6fkm
-@_ lzIf0f ;xfos :t/sf kb c:yfoL dfq x'g]5 / o; kbdf
s/f/ ;]jfdf dfq lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 . lZfIf0f ;xfos ;]jf
;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -u_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg
sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xfos :t/sf
sd{rf/Lx?sf] jlu{s/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf
ljleGg ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx? /xg ;Sg]5g\ .

4
 -%_ lzIffsf] If]qdf pNn]vgLo sfd u/]sf] cfwf/df lzIfsx?nfO{
s'nkltn] ;efsf] :jLs[tLdf ljlzi6 k|fWofks kbdf lgo'lQm
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ jdf]lhd lgo'Qm ljlzli6 k|fWofkssf] tnj,
;'ljwf, cjlw / cGo ;]jf zt{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
%= kbk"lt{M -!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf l/Qm /x]sf jf >[h{gf ul/Psf
kbx?dWo] cfGtl/s jf vN'nf k|ltof]lutfåf/f tf]lsPsf] cfwf/df kb
k"lt{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ ;]jfdf l/Qm /x]sf kbx?dWo] cfGtl/s jf v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf4f/f
lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf, sfo{Ifdtf, h]i7tf
/ sfo{;Dkfbg ;d]tsf] d"Nof+sgjf6 a9'jf4f/f k"lt{ ul/g]
kbx?sf] k|ltzt sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
3∗
@s= pklgod -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg s[lif tyf
jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno P]gsf] bkmf #-@_ jdf]lhd lqe'jg
ljZjljBfnoaf6 o; ljZjljBfnodf ;dfof]hg eO{ cfPsf
s'g} lglZrt kbdf tf]lsPsf] ;]jf cjlw k'/f u/]sf lzIfs,
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ Ps k6ssf nflu dfq Ps tx dflyNnf] kbdf
kb clej[lå u/L ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;df j9'jf ul/g] 5 .
4+
b|i6AoM lgod % sf] pk lgod ∗@s= df pNn]lvt Psk6ssf]
nflu dfq eGg] zAbfjnLn] pQm pk lgod ∗@s= jdf]lhd
;dfof]hg eO{ cfPsf k|To]s sd{rf/Ln] Ps k6s j9'jf
k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ kfpg]nfO{ hgfpg]5 .
∗
@v= pklgod @s= adf]lhd ;]jf cfof]uaf6 l;kmfl/; eO{ j9'jf
x'g] lzIfs, sd{rf/LnfO{ lghsf] ;fljs b/aGbL clej[l4 u/L
kb:yfkg ul/g] 5 . ;f] clej[l4 ePsf] b/jGbLdf sfo{/t
lzIfs, sd{rf/L s'g} sf/0fn] ;]jfaf6 cnu ePdf pQm
b/aGbL clej[l4 x'g' k"j{sf] ;fljss} b/jGbLdf kl/0ft x'g] 5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljZjljBfno
;]jfnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg ;]jf k|j]zsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf4f/f
∗
3 t];|f] ;+zf]wg @)&@ åf/f yk .
+
4 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg @)&% åf/f yk .
5
 k"lt{ x'g] kbdWo] k}tfln; k|ltzt kb 5'6\ofO{ ;f] k|ltztnfO{
ztk|ltzt dfgL b]xfoadf]lhdsf pDd]bjf/ aLrdf dfq
5'6[f5'6} k|lt;kwf{ u/fO{ kbk"lt{ ul/g]5 M
-s_ dlxnf – t]QL; k|ltzt
-v_ cflbjf;L ÷hghflt– ;QfO{; k|ltzt
-u_ dw];L– afO{; k|ltzt
-3_ blnt – gf} k|ltzt
-ª_ ckf+u – kf+r k|ltzt
-r_ lk5l8Psf] If]q – rf/ k|ltzt
-!_ o; pklgodsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ælk5l8Psf] If]qÆ eGgfn]
c5fd, sflnsf]6, hfh/sf]6, h'Dnf, 8f]Nkf, aemfª, afh'/f,
d'u' / x'Dnf lhNnf ;Demg'k5{ .
-@_ o; pklgosf] v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ / -3_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu
ædlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt, dw];L / blnt eGgfn] cfly{s
;dfhLs ?kdf k5f8L k/]sf ædlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt,
dw];L / blnt ;Demg'k5{Æ
5∗
#s= pk lgod -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg o;
ljZjljBfnodf sDtLdf @ jif{ ;Dd k"0f{sflng s/f/÷c:yfoL
;]jf u/]sf pk k|fWofks, ;xfos k|fWofks, ;xfos k|zf;s
jf] ;f] ;/x / ;f] eGbf d'lgsf kbx?df Ps k6ssf nflu dfq
plgx?sf] ljr dfq ljz]if cfGtl/s v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf u/fO{ :yfoL
kbk"tL{ ul/g] 5 / of] Aoj:yf @)&$ ;fn cflZjg d;fGt;Dd
dfq sfod /xg] 5 .
-$_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg pklgod -#_
sf] v08 -ª_ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t k|ltztsf] kbsf] kb s'g} vf;
k|sl[ tsf] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf ckf+ux? aLr dfq k|lt:kwf{ ug{
kfpg] u/L k|ltzk|wf{Tds k/LIff4f/f k"lt{ ul/g] 5 .
-%_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ubf{ ! -Ps_ k|ltzt
eGbf 3ft+s -km\ofS;g_ cfPdf To:tf] 3ft+s h'g ;d'xsf]
3ft+s cfPsf] xf] ;f] eGbf nut} kl5sf] ;d'xdf ;b}{ hfg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd 5'6\ofO{Psf] kbdf h'g jif{sf] nflu
lj1fkg ePsf] xf] ;f] jif{ x'g] lj1fkgdf pko'St pDd]bjf/
x'g g;s]df v'Nnf k|ltzkwf{4f/f k'lt{ x'g] kbdf ;dfj]z
∗
5 kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wg @)&$ åf/f yk .
6
 ug'{kg]{5 .
-&_ pklgod -#_ 4f/f kbk"lt{ ug]{ Joj:yf k|To]s !) -bz_ jif{df
k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
^= pDd]bjf/sf] nflu cfjZos Go"gtd of]UotfM -!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf]
kbdf lgo'lQm / a9'jfsf lgldQ pd]bjf/ x'g rflxg] cfjZos Go"gtd
of]Uotf lzIfssf] nflu k|fl1s kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\n] / sd{rf/Lsf] nflu sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] kbdf lzIfssf] tyf sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm
/ a9'jfsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{ cfwf/ / sfo{;Dkfbg d'Nof+sg
sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df ;]jf cfof]un] tf]s]adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm / a9'jfsf] cfwf/ sfo{Ifdtfsf]
c+ssf] ljefhg sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df ;]jf cfof]un]
lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ ;]jf cfof]un] u/]sf] cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfåf/f lgo'lQm jf
a9'jfsf] l;kmfl/;df lrQ ga'em\g] lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln]
;f] l;kmfl/z u/]sf] ldltn] !% -kGw|_ lbg leq k'g/fj]bg
cfof]udf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5g .
-%_ pklgod -$_ jdf]lhd k/]sf] ph'/Ldf k'g/fj]bg cfof]un] #)
-tL;_ lbg leq clGtd sf/jflx lsgf/f ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ sf] Dofb leq clGtd lsgf/f geO{ Dofb yk ug'{
kg]{ ePdf ;f] sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ Dofb yksf] nflu sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\df k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pklgod -^_ jdf]lhd dfu ul/Psf] Dofb yk :jLs[t ePdf
;f] dfu ul/Psf] cjlw leq clGtd lsgf/f nufO{ ;Sg' kg]{
5 .
-*_ pklgod -&_ jdf]lhd a9]sf] Dofb leq klg pQm ph'/Lsf]
clGtd lsgf/f gnfu]df lgo'lQm jf a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/;
ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm lbg afwf x'g] 5}g .
-(_ pDd]bjf/ x'gsf] nfuL cof]UotfM -!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf]
kbdf b]xfosf JolQmx? pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg] 5}gg\M
-c_ clws[t :t/ eGbf d'lgsf kbdf !* -c7f/_ jif{ pd]/ k'/f
gePsf,
7
 -cf_ lzIfs tkm{ / clws[t :t/sf sd{rf/L tkm{sf kbdf @!
-PSsfO{;_ jif{ pd]/ k'/f gePsf,
-O_ ;]jf k|j]zsf] nflu 6∗k'?ifsf] xsdf #% -k}lt;_ jif{ / dlxnfsf]
xsdf $) jif{ pd]/ k'/f ePsf] t/ pk–k|fWofkssf] xsdf $%
jif{ k'/f ePsf] .
t/, lzIfs tkm{ ;x–k|fWofks / k|fWofkssf v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfdf
%) -krf;_ jif{ gf3]sf ljZjljBfno ;]jf aflx/sf JolQm
pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg] 5}gg\ . ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf :yfoL
jxfnjfnf lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf pd]/sf] xb nfUg] 5}g\ .
-O{_ eljiodf ljZjljBfno ;]jf jf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo
7xl/g] u/L ;]jfjf6 j/vf:t ul/Psf,
-p_ u}/ g]kfnL gful/s,
-pm_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntjf6 s;'/bf/
7xl/Psf .
&= lgo'lQmM -!_ lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;]jf cfo]fusf] l;kmfl/;df
ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\åf/f lgo'lQm / a9'jf ul/g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;]jf cfo]fuaf6 l;kmfl/; ePsf JolQmnfO{
lgo'lQm ug{sf] nflu sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] ljZjljBfnosf
kbflwsf/L jf clVtof/jfnf dWo] s;}nfO{ ;f] sfo{ ug{ tf]Sg
;Sg]5 .
-#_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf lgo'lQm jf a9'jf kfPsf lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/LnfO{ glthf k|sfzg eO{ ph'/Lsf] Dofb ;lsPsf] jf
ph"/Lsf] clGtd lsgf/f nfu]sf] ldltn] !% -k|Gw|_ lbgleq
lgo'lQm jf a9'jfkq lbOg]5 .
-$_ ;DalGwt lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] gfddf lgo'lQm jf a9'jfkq hf/L
ePsf] ldltn] !% -kGw|_ lbgleq lgo'lQm jf a9'jf kfpg]
JolQmn] ;f] lgo'lQm jf a9'jf kq a'lem ;Sg'kg]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ jdf]lhd kq a'em]sf] ldltn] #) -tL;_ lbg leq
tf]lsPsf] :yfg jf sfof{nodf xflh/ eO{;Sg'kg]{5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ jdf]lhd Dofb leq xflh/ gePdf ;f] lgo'lQm jf
a9'jf :jtM /2 x'g]5 .
-&_ pklgod -^_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg ljZjljBfnosf]
∗
6 bf];|f] ;+zf]wg @)&! åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
8
 :yfoL ;]jfdf ePsf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lx? cWoog ljbf,
sfh jf cGo ljbfdf a;]sf] cj:yfdf of] lgod nfu' x'g]5}g .
*= k/LIf0fsfnM -!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf kbx?df :yfoL lgo'lQm ePsf
lzIfs, sd{rf/L ! -Ps_ jif{sf] k/LIf0f sfndf /xg]5g\ .
-@_ k/LIf0fsfnsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf ;f] lgo'lQm
/2 ul/g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ jdf]lhd lgo'lQm /2 ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s !
-Ps_ jif{sf] k/LIf0fsfn k'/f u/]sf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{
:yfoL lgo'lQmsf] cflwsfl/stf kq lbO{g]5 .
(= c:yfoL lgo'lQmM -!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] kb l/Qm ePdf ;f] kbdf
;]jf cfof]un] tf]lsPsf] cfwf/ / sfo{ljlw k'/f ul/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
k|sflzt ul/ k|lt:kwf{åf/f tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Laf6 Ps k6sdf !
-Ps_ jif{;Ddsf nflu s/f/df lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhd l/Qm ePsf] kbdf ;]jf cfof]uaf6
:yfoL lgo'lQm l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPdf c:yfoL jf s/f/df ePsf]
lgo'QmL :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 t/ :yfoL lgo'QmL l;kmfl/; eO{
gcfP;Ddsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] kbflwsf/Ln] c:yfoL jf s/f/sf]
Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ s'g} lzIfs ljbf jf sfhdf /x]df pko'Qm JolQmåf/f cf+lzs
;dosf] ;]jf lng] u/L tf]lsPsf] kbflwsf/Ln] cfjZos
Joj:yf ug{]5 .
-$_ ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;df k"lt{ ul/g] kb l/Qm ePdf kb
k"lt{sf] nflu l/Qm ePsf] ldltjf6 a9Ldf # -tLg_ dlxgf leq
;]jf cfof]unfO{ ;f] sf] hfgsf/L lbO;Sg' kg]{5 .
!)= s/f/ / cfuGt's lzIfsM -!_ o; lgoddf cGoq h];'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
ePtfklg cfjZostf cg';f/ ljZjljBfnon] ljz]if b/aGbL ;[h{gf
u/L Voflt k|fKt cg'ejL / bIf JolQmnfO{ s/f/jdf]lhd sfd u/fpg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhd ljz]if of]Uotf / Ifdtf ePsf JolQmnfO{
ljz]if s/f/df sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] lg0f{o ul/ k|rlnt tna
:s]neGbf al9 tna tyf cGo ;'ljwf lbO{ sfddf nufpg
;lsg]5 .
-#_ ljZjljBfno jf ;/sf/L jf cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x?df sfo{/t s'g}
9
 vf; of]Uotf k|fKt u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ ljBfkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df
sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] cfuGt's lzIfssf] ?kdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n]
tf]s]jdf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf lbO{ sfd u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ ljBfkl/ifb\ / k|fl1s kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df lzIff / cg';Gwfg
If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbPsf bIf tyf cg'elj, Voflt k|fKt
/ ljlzi6 lZfIfsnfO{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] cj}tlgs dfgfy{
-cg/]/L_ k|fWofks kb k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!!= kbfjlwsf] u0fgfM o; lgodfjnLsf] lgod * cg';f/ :yfoL kbdf
lgo'lQm kfO{ k/LIf0f sfndf /x]sf lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm ;b/
sfod ePdf ;f] k/LIf0f sfnsf] cjlwnfO{ k|To]s jif{df yk ul/g]
u|]8 j[l4 tyf cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf ug'{kg]{5 .
!@= sfod d'sfodM -!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] zfvf k|d'v Go"gtd t[[lto
>]0fLsf] clws[t x'g]5 .
-@_ pQm kb s'g} sf/0fa; #) -tL;_ lbgeGbf a9L l/Qm ePdf
;f] l/Qm ePsf] zfvf k|d'v kbdf ;f]eGbf Ps txd'lgsf] kbdf
sfo{/t sd{rf/L dWo]af6 sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] ;f] l/Qm /x]sf]
kbsf] sfd ;DxfNg sfod d'sfod d's// ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd sfod d'sfod eO{ sfd u/]sf]
kbsf] ;'? tnasf] c+sdf tnj lb+bf lghn] ;fljs kbaf6
vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tnj eGbf 36L x'g] b]lvPdf vfO{kfO{ cfPsf]
tnjdf g36\g] u/L yk u|]8 lbg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ sfod d'sfod eO{ sfd u/]sf]df ;f] sfdsf] hjfkmb]lxtf
sfod d'sfod eO{ sfd ug]{ lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln] jxg ug'{kg]{5 .
-%_ k'/f jif{ sfod d'sfod eO{ sfd ug]{] lzIfs÷sd{rf/Ln] cGo
sd{rf/Ln] kfP ;/x u|]8 j[l4 kfpg]5g\ .
-^_ sfod d'sfod d's// ug{ ;DalGwt ljifodf :gfts tx
plQ0f{ ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 .
!#= lgldQM -!_ ljZjljBfnosf] s'g} lgsfo jf sfof{nosf] k|zf;sLo
clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ d'Vo JolQm jf ljefuLo k|d'v s'g} sf/0fn]
#) -tL;_ lbgeGbf sd cjlwsf lgldQ cg'kl:yt ePdf lghsf]
dftxtsf] tf]lsPsf] kbflwsf/L, lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] lgldQ eO{
b}lgs sfo{ ;+rfng ug]{]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgldQ eO{ sfd ubf{ ;f] sfdsf]
10
 hjfkmb]xLtf sfd ug]{ lzIfs, sd{rf/L jf kbflwsf/L pk/ g}
x'g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgldt eO{ sfd u/]sf]df & -;ft_ lbg
eGbf sd cjlwsf nflu s'g} k|sf/sf] eQf lbOg]5}g . t/
& -;ft_ lbgeGbf a9L sfd u/]sf]df sfd u/]sf] kbsf] z'?
tnj :s]n adf]lhd tnj eQf lbOg]5 .
!$= kbflwsf/M ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t
ePdf, jf lgh avf{:t ePdf jf lghn] cjsfz kfPdf jf a9'jf
ePdf jf lgh Ps kbaf6 csf]{ kbdf ;?jf ePsf] cj:yfdf
jfx]s b]xfosf] cj:yfdf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] cfkm\gf] kb dflysf]
kbflwsf/ sfod /xsf] dflgg]5 .
-s_ csf]{ kbdf ;?jf eO{ sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg kfOg] Dofb;Dd,
-v_ kbdf sfdsfh u/L /xFbf;Dd,
-u_ lgnDag /x]sf]df,
-3_ ljbfdf a;]sf]df,
-ª_ sfhdf v6fOPsf]df,
-r_ sfod d'sfod eO{ sfd u/]sf]df  .

11
 kl/R5]b – #
;]jf ;'/Iff
!%= ;]jf ;'/IffM ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs, sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf
afx]s ;kmfOsf] plrt ;a't lbg] df}sf glbO{ ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6
x6fO{g] jf avf{:t ul/g] 5}g .
-s_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 s;'/bf/
7xl/Pdf,
-v_ efuL j]kQf ePdf jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] ;Dks{ x'g g;s]df,
-u_ DofbL kbdf axfn /x]sf]df,
-3_ e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]kdf cbfntjf6 s;'/bf/ 7xl/Pdf,
!^= ;]jf–zt{sf] ;'/IffM -!_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgo'Qm x'Fbf sfod
/x]sf] tna, pkbfg, lgj[lte/0f ;DaGwL zt{x?df lghnfO{ k|lts"n
c;/ kg]{ u/L kl/jt{g ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
-@_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/L dflyNnf] kbdf a9'jf ePdf a9'jf ePsf]
kbsf] z'? :s]n ;fljs kbdf /xL vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tna a/fa/
jf a9L ePdf dfq a9'jf ePsf] dflyNnf] kbdf cfjZos u|]8
yk u/L tnj ldnfg ul/g]5 .
-#_ o; ljZjljBfno P]g jdf]lhd lqe'jg ljZjljBfno cGt{utsf
cf+lzs SofDk;sf lzIfs, sd{rf/L o; ljZjljBfnodf
tf]lsPjdf]lhd ;dfof]hg eO{ cfpFbf lghx?sf] :yfoL, c:yfoL
/ k"0f{sflng s/f/df sfd u/]sf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-$_ o; ljZjljBfno P]gsf] bkmf # -@_ jdf]lhd ;dfj]z ul/Psf
lqe'jg ljZjljBfno cGt{utsf cf+lzs tyf ;DaGwg k|fKt
SofDk;sf lzIfs, sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg eO{ o; ljZjljBfnodf
cfpFbf ;fljss} h] h'g kbdf axfn /x]sf x'g ;f]xL kbdf
;dfof]hg x'g]5g .
-%_ lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;dfof]hg eO{ cfpg] lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ o; ljZjljBfnon] @ -b'O_{ u|8] yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -$_ jdf]lhd ;dfof]hg eO{ cfPsf lzIfs,
sd{rf/Lsf] tna, eQf, ;]jfsf zt{ ;'ljwfx? sd x'g] ul/
kl/jt{g ul/g]5}g .

12
 kl/R5]b – $
;?jf
!&= ;?jfM -!_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfjZostf jdf]lhd ljZjljBfnosf]
Ps lgsfoaf6 csf]{ lgsfodf jf ;dfg txsf] csf]{ kbdf ;?jf ug{
;lsg]5 .
-@_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/L Ps lgsfoaf6 csf]{ lgsfodf ;?jf x'Fbf
& -;ft_ lbg leqdf /dfgfkq j'lem;Sg' kg]{5 .
!*= ;?jf ug{] clwsf/LM -!_ ljZjljBfno P]gdf n]lvPsf]df ;f]xL
jdf]lhd / ;f] jfx]s b]xfosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfosf
clwsf/Ln] ;?jf ug'{ kg]{5  .
-s_ o; lgodfjnLsf] lgod !& adf]lhd ;?jf ubf{ sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oaf6 /lhi6«f/n] ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-v_ sd{rf/L jf lzIfsnfO{ Pp6} ;+sfo cGtu{t ;?jf ubf{
;DalGwt 8Lgn] ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-u_ sd{rf/LnfO{ s'g} ;+sfo, cf+lus sn]h, s]Gb| jf ljefu jf
ljZjljBfnosf] s'g} lgsfo dWo] Ps csf{df ;?jf ubf{
;DalGwt lgsfosf] k|d'vsf] ;xdltdf /lhi6«f/n] ;?jf
ug]{5 .
!(= sfhM -!_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ljZjljBfnosf]
Ps lgsfoaf6 csf]{ lgsfodf / ljZjljBfno aflx/sf] s'g} ;/sf/L
jf u}/;/sf/L lgsfo jf sfof{nodf tf]sLPjdf]lhd sfhdf k7fpg
;lsg]5 .
-@_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ljZjljBfno afx]ssf]
s'g} ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L lgsfo jf sfof{nodf # -tLg_
dlxgf jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfhdf k7fpg' kg]{ ePdf ;f] sfh
a]tnaL sfh dflgg]]5 .
-#_ ljZjljBfno ;]jf cjlw e/df a]tnaL sfhdf k7fpg]
cjlwsf] l;df sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5  .
-$_ pklgod -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd a]tnaL sfhdf k7fpg' k/]df
g]kfn ;sf/af6 lgo'lQm x'g] kbdf afx]s cGo sfhdf uPsf
lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ sfhdf lng] sfof{nodf lgwf{l/t

13
 tnjsf] !) -bz_ k|ltztdf g36\g] u/L sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n]
tf]s]adf]lhd ljZjljBfno sf]ifdf hDdf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ ljZjlBfnoaf6 tnjL jf a]tnaL sfhdf /x]sf] lzIfs jf
sd{rf/Ln]] ljZjljBfno afx]ssf]] ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L
lgsfo jf sfof{noaf6 pkbfg jf lj/fdL ljbf jf :jf:Yokrf/
jf o; lgodcGtu{t s'g} bft[;+:yfaf6 ;'ljwf pkef]u u/]sf]
ePdf ;f] jfktsf] /sd ljZjljBfnon] lgh lzIfs jf
sd{rf/L cjsf; x'Fbfsf avt k|fKt ug]{ /sdaf6 s§L ug'{
kg]{5 .
@)= sfh v6fpg] clwsf/M ljZjljBfno afx]ssf] ;/sf/L jf
u}/;/sf/L lgsfodf ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfosf]
clVto/jfnfn] sfh v6fpg ;Sg]5  .
-s_ k|fWofks jf ;x–k|fWofks, k|zf;s jf ;x–k|Zff;s >]0fLsf
lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ojf6 .
-v_ pklgod -s_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg # -tLg_
dlxgf eGbf sd cjlwsf] nflu pks'nkltn] sfh v6fpg
;Sg]5 .
-u_ pklgod -s_ df n]lvP jfx]ssf lzIfs, sd{rf/LnfO{
;DalGwt lgsfo k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df /lhi6«f/n],
-3_ ;]jfsf] clen]vsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf
a]tnaL sfhdf v6fOPsf] ljj/0f ;lxtsf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt
sfof{non] clgjfo{ ?kdf lbg'kg]{5 .

14
 kl/R5]b – %
xflh/L / ljbf
@!= xflh/LM o; lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df jfx]s
ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] tf]sLPsf] ;dodf
ljZjljBfnosf] ;DalGwt lgsfo jf sfof{nodf tf]sLPjdf]lhd ?h'
xflh/ /xg' kg]{5 . tf]lsP jdf]lhdsf] lgwf{l/t ;dodf sfof{nodf
gcfpg] / sfof{nodf k6s–k6s l9nf] cfpg] rfF8f] hfg] tyf
sfof{nosf] sfddf jfx]s sfof{no ;dodf :jLs[tL glnO{ sfof{no
5f]8\g] lzIfs, sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DjlGwt k|d'vn] uon s§L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f k/]df jfx]s ljbfsf] lgsf;f glnO{ s'g}
klg lzIfs, sd{rf/L cfˆgf] sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt x'g' x'b}g . o;/L
cg'kl:yt x'g] lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln] & -;ft_ lbg leqdf ljbfsf] lgj]bg
lbg'kg]{5 .
@@= xflh/Lsf] clen]vM ljZjljBfnosf] ;]jfdf sfo{/t lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf]
xflh/Lsf] clen]v sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]jdf]lhd /flvg]5 .
@#= ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ b]xfosf ljbfsf] ;'ljwf
lbg ;lsg]5M
-s_ 3/ ljbf
-v_ lj/fdL ljbf
-u_ k|;"lt ljbf / k|;"lt ;]jf ljbf
-3_ kj{ ljbf
-ª_ e}k/L cfpg] ljbf
-r_ lqmof ljbf
-5_ cWoog ljbf
-h_ :jfWoog ljbf
-em_ c;fwf/0f ljbf
-`_ ljz]if tnaL ljbf
@$= 3/ ljbfM -!_ jif]{ jf lxpFb] ljbf gkfpg] lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{
jif{sf] #) -tL;_ lbg 3/ ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs sd{rf/Ln] 3/ ljbfdf a:g' eGbf
cuf8L clgjfo{ ?kdf ljbf :jLs[t u/fO{ dfq ljbfdf j:g

15
 ;Sg]]5g .
-#_ lzIfs / sd{rf/L jif{sf] ! -Ps_ k6s 3/ ljbfdf hfFbf /
kms{bf plrt af6f]sf] Dofb kfpg]5 .
-$_ rf8kj{, lj/fdL, e}k/L ljbf / lqmof ljbf afx]s cGo ljbf
j;]sf] ;dosf] 3/ ljbf lbOg] 5}g .
-%_ 3/ ljbf a9Ldf @!) -b'O{;o bz_ lbg;Dd ;+lrt ug{ kfO{g]5 .
-^_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu ePdf lghsf] ;+lrt /x]sf]
3/ ljbf jfkt lghsf] kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbaf6 vfOkfO{ cfPsf]
tnjsf] b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd Psd'i7 kfpg]5g .
-&_ ;]jf sfod /x+b} s'g} lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf]
;+lrt /x]sf] 3/ ljbfsf] /sd d[To' x'Fbfsf] cj:yfsf] tnasf]
b/n] x'g] /sd lghsf] glhssf] xsjfnfn] kfpg]5 .
-*_ lxpFb] jf jif]{ ljbfsf] ;do sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] lgwf{/0f u/]
jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
-(_ lxpFb] jf jif]{ ljbf kfpg] lzIfsnfO{ ljbfsf] ;dodf cfjZostf
cg';f/ sfd u/fpg' kg]{ ePdf ! -Ps_ lbg sfd u/fP jfkt
! -Ps_ lbgsf b/n] 3/ ljbf lbO{g]5 .
-!)_ pklgod -(_ jdf]lhd cfh{g u/]sf] 3/ ljbf o;} lgod
adf]lhd ;§f ljbf pkef]u ug{ kfO{g]5 .
@%= lj/fdL ljbfM -!_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ! -Ps_ jif{sf] ;]jfsf nflu
!% -kGw|_ lbgsf] k'/f tnaL jf #) -tL;_ lbgsf] cfwf tnaL la/fdL
ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] & -;ft_ lbgeGbf a9L ;dosf] lj/fdL ljbf
a:g' k/]df ;f] ljbfdf j:g] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] ljbf :jLs[t
ug]{ clVtof/jfnfnfO{ cfjZos nfu]df ljZjljBfnoaf6
dfGotf k|fKt lrlsT;ssf] lj/fdL ePsf] k|df0fkq k]z u/fpg
;Sg]5 .
-#_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] o; lgodadf]lhd kfpg] lj/fdL ljbf
;+lrt u/L /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg c;fwf/0f
ljbfdf a;]sf] cjlwsf] lj/fdL ljbf lbO{g] 5}g .
-%_ ljZjljBfno afx]ssf] lgsfo jf sfo{fnodf sfh vl6Psf
lzIfs, sd{rf/LnfO{ sfhdf a;]sf] cjlwsf] lj/fdL ljbf
16
 lbO{g] 5}g .
-^_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd ;+lrt lj/fdL ljbf jfkt s'g} lzIfs
jf sd{rf/L ;]jfjf6 cnu ePdf lghsf] kbflwsf/ /x]sf]
kbjf6 vfO{kfO cPsf] tnasf] b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd Psd'i6
kfpg]5 .
-&_ ;]jf cjlw leq lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf]
;+lrt lj/fdL ljbfsf] /sd d[To' x'Fbfsf] cj:yfsf] tnasf] b/n]
x'g cfpg] /sd k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd lghsf] xsjfnfnfO{
k|bfg ul/g]5 .
-*_ 7"nf] jf s8f /f]u nfuL pkrf/ ug{ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln]
;+lrt u/]sf] lj/fdL ljbf tyf 3/ ljbfaf6 gk'u ePdf cf}iflw
pkrf/sf] nflu lghn] kl5 sfd u/L kfpg] ! -Ps_ jif{sf]
3/ ljbf / la/fdL ljbfaf6 s§f x'g] u/L $% -k}tfln;_
lbg;Ddsf] k]ZsL :j?k yk lj/fdL ljbf lng ;Sg]5 . To;/L
k]ZsL ljdf/L ljbf lnO{ j;]sf] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] k'/f tnj
kfpg] 5 .
-(_ pklgod -*_ adf]lhd lnPsf] ljbf ;d]taf6 gk'u eO{ yk
ljbf lng' k/]df sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]sf lrlsT;sx?sf]
;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] c;fwf/0f
ljbfaf6 s§f x'g] u/L sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oaf6 ;]jf
cjlwe/df a9Ldf ! -Ps_ jif{;Ddsf] lj/fdL ljbf lbg
;lsg]5 .
-!)_ pklgod -*_ / -(_ jdf]lhd cf}iflw pkrf/sf] nflu lj/fdL
ljbf lng] lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf lghn] lnPsf] lj/fdL
ljbfsf] k]ZsL :jtM ldgfxf x'g]5 .
-!!_ kbflwsf/L ;DaGwL lgoddf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg
ljZjljBfnosf] s'g} klg kbflwsf/Lsf] kbdf lgo'QmL lzIfs
jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] kbdf sfd u/]sf] cjlwsf] jflif{s !%
-kGw|_ lbgsf] b/n] lj/fdL ljbf 7∗kfpg]5g\ .
@^= k|;"lt / k|;"lt ;]jf ljbfM -!_ ljZjljBfnosf] :yfoL jf @ -b'O{_ jif{
jf ;f] eGbf a9L c:yfoL jf s/f/ ;]jfdf sfo{/t s'g} dlxnf lzIfs
jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;'Ts]/Lsf nflu ;'Ts]/L x'g'eGbf #) -tL;_ lbg
∗
7 klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&) 4f/f lbg ;lsg]5 eGg] zAbsf] ;§f kfpg]5g\ eGg] zAb /flvPsf] .
17
 cufl8 / ;'Ts]/Lsf eP kl5 ^) -;f¶L_ lbg ul/ hDdf () -gAa]_
lbg k'/f tnjL k|;"lt ljbf lbO{g]5 .
-@_ c:yfoL jf s/f/df @ -b'O{_ jif{ eGbf sd ;]jf cjlw ePsf
dlxnf lzIfs, sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ pklgod -!_ df pNn]v
ul/Pjdf]lhd cfwf tnjL k|;"tL ljbf lbO{g]5 .
-#_ k'?if lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] kTgL k|;'lt x'Fbf lghnfO{ !%
-kGw|_ lbgsf] k'/f tnjL k|;"lt ;]jf ljbf lbOg]5 .
-$_ k|;'lt / k|;'lt ;]jf ljbf ;]jf cjlwe/ @ -b'O{_ k6s dfq
lbOg]5 .
-%_ k|;'lt / k|;'lt ;]jf ljbf lnPsf] clen]v ;DjlGwt sfof{non]
cBfjlws agfO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
@&= kj{ ljbfM -!_ ljZjljBfnosf] lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ jif{el/df
a9Ldf ^ -5_ lbg;Ddsf] kj{ ljbf lbO{g]5 .
-@_ kj{ ljbf ;+lrt ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
@*= e}k/L ljbfM -!_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps jif{df
a9Ldf ( -gf}_ lbg;Ddsf] e}k/L ljbf lbOg]5 .
-@_ b}jL jf cfsl:ds k/]sf]df afx]s e}k/L cfpg] ljbf k"j{:jLs[lt
a]u/ a:g kfOg] 5}g / of] ljbf ;+lrt ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
@(= lqmof ljbfM -!_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] afa', cfdf,
nf]Ug] jf :jf:gL, 5f]/f jf 5f]/L, ;f;', ;;'/f jf afh], ah}sf] d[To'
cj:yfdf jf cfkm} lqmof a:g' k/]df pQm lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{
lghx?sf] ;+:sf/ jdf]lhd sfhlqmof ug{ !% -kGw|_ lbg;Ddsf] k'/f
tnaL lqmof ljbf lbOg]5 .
#)= cWoog ljbfM -!_ ljZjljBfnodf :yfoL ;]jfdf /x]sf s'g} klg
lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cWoog ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg %) -krf;_
jif{sf] pd]/ gf3]sf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ! -Ps_ jif{ ebf
a9L cjlwsf] cWoog ljbf lbOg] 5}g .
-#_ :j}lR5s sfo{qmd cGtu{t cWoog ug{sf] nflu ^ -5_ dlxgf
cufj} ljbf :jLs[t ul/ kfpg ;DalGwt lgsfodf lgj]bg lbg'
kg]{ 5 / ;f] cWoog cg';Gwfg ;Dalwt lgsfonfO{ pkof]uL
x'g] ePdf cWoog ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ ljZjljBfnondf k|fKt ePsf] 5fqj[lQdf dgf]lgt lzIfs jf
18
 sd{rf/LnfO{ z}lIfs pkflw kfpg] u/L ! -Ps_ z}lIfs jif{ jf
;f] eGbf a9L cjlw ;Ddsf nflu k7fpg] ePdf cWoog ljbf
lbOg]5 .
-%_ z}lIfs pkflw gkfpg] ePdf jf ! -Ps_ jif{eGbf sd cjlwsf]
cWoog ePdf jf tflnd dfq ePdf cWoog sfhdf k7fO{g]5  .
-^_ cWoog sfhsf nflu b}lgs eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\n] tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
-&_ cWoog ljbf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw e/df 8∗k6s
k6s ul/ hDdf % -kf+r_ jif{;Dd lbg ;lsg]5 .
-*_ ! -Ps_ jif{ b]lv # -tLg_ jif{;Dd cWoog ljbf kfPsf lzIfs
jf sd{rf/Ln] slDtdf # -tLg_ jif{ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf /xL
sfd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ pklgod -*_ jdf]lhd sfd ug{ u/fpg lghx?nfO{ tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] sj'lnot u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ cWoog ljbf kfpg] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] cWoogdf
;Gtf]ifhgs k|ult u/]sf] 5}g eGg] ljZjljBfnonfO{ hfgsf/L
k|fKt ePdf pQm lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lghsf] ljbf /2 u/L
lkmtf{ af]nfpg ;Sg]5 .
-!!_ pklgod -$_ / -%_ adf]lhd cWoog ljbfdf hfg] afx]s cGo
sfo{qmddf cWoog ljbf lnO{ hfg rfxg] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln]
cfkm\gf] cWoog / sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ ^ -5_ dlxgf
cufj} tf]sLPsf] clwsf/L ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-!@_ cWoog ljbfdf a:g] lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cWoog ljbfsf]
;dodf ;]jf cjlwdf ;+lrt x'g] lj/fdL ljbf lbO{g]5 .
-!#_ ! -Ps_ cfly{s jif{df cWoog ljbf lbg ;lsg] lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Lsf] clwstd ;+Vofsf] ;Ldf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n]
tf]lsPjdf]lhd x'g]5 .
9+
-!$_ cWoog labf kfpg] lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] k/LIf0fsfn ;dfKt
ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 . t/ :jb]zL jf ljb]zL 5fqj[lQ Kf|fKt u/L
cWoogdf ;+nUg x'g]x?sf nflu of] aGb]h nfu' x'g]5}g .
∗
8 klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&) 4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
+
9 rf}yf] ;+zf]wg @)&# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

19
#!= :jcWoog ljbfM -!_ ljZjljBfnosf] :yfoL ;]jfdf nuftf/ % -kf+r_
jif{ sfd u/]sf lzIfsnfO{ ljZjljBfnosf] sfddf afwf gkg]{ cj:yf
ePdf z}lIfs jf k|fl1s cg';GWffg ug{ ! -Ps_ jif{sf] :jcWoog
ljbf10∗lghsf] ;]jf cjlw e/df al9df $ -rf/_ k6s ;DDf lbg
;lsg]5 .11•t/ k|To]s k6ssf] :jcWoog ljbf lng ;f] ljbf kZrft
slDtdf %-kf+r_ jif{ nuftf/ ;]jf u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ 5 .
-@_ :jcWoog ljbf :jLs[t u/fpg' eGbf cufl8 ;DalGwt
lzIfsn] cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{sf] ljj/0f cfkm' sfo{/t
/x]sf] lgsfosf] k|d'v dfkm{t /lhi6«f/ ;dIf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ :jfWoog ljbfdf a:bf tnj jf cGo ;'ljwf jf kfl/>lds
lnO{ jf glnO{ cGoGq sfd ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
-$_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg /fli6«o jf
cGt/f{li6«o :t/df k|fKt x'g] k|fl1s lsl;dsf] cWoog jf cg';Gwfg
;DaGwL km]nf]l;ksf nflu dgf]gog eO{ :jfWoog ljbf pkef]u ug]{
lzIfsnfO{ tf]lsPsf] kfl/>lds lngaf6 a+lrt ul/g] 5}g .
-%_ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6 cGoyf lg0f{o ePdf afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/
jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg jf ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ;ldlt jf sfddf
:jfWoog ljbfdf a;]sf] lzIfs ;lDdlnt x'g kfpg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd :jcWoog ljbfdf a:g] lzIfsn]
vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tna kfpg]5 .
-&_ :jfWoog ljbf ;+lrt x'g] 5}g .
-*_ :jfWoog ljbf ;DalGwt ;+sfo jf ljZjljBfnosf] lgsfosf]
k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df /lhi6«f/n] :jLs[t ug]{5 .
-(_ pklgod -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu :jLs[t :jcWoog ljbf
;dfKt x'g'eGbf sDtLdf #) -tL;_ lbg cufj} :jfWoog
ljbf a;]sf lzIfsn] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
;DjGwL k|ltj]bg k|:t't eO;s]sf] k|df0fsf] cfwf/df dfq
lgh lzIfsnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;DalGwt lgsfodf xflh/ u/fO{g]5 .
-!)_ pklgod -(_ jdf]lhd k|:t't ePsf] k|ltj]bgsf] cWoog
/lhi6«f/ jf 8Lgn] tf]s]sf] sfo{ljlw cg';f/ d"Nof+sg ug]{
u/fO{g] 5 .
∗
10 klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&) 4f/f yk .
•
11 rf}yf] ;+zf]wg @)&# åf/f yk .
20
 -!!_ pklgod -(_ jdf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't gug]{ lzIfs jf
lghjf6 sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;DjGwL k]z ePsf] k|ltj]bg ;Gtf]ifhgs
gkfO{Pdf To:Tff] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{, kl/dfh{g jf kl/is[t ug{
lghnfO{ /lhi6«f/n] jl9df # -tLg_ dlxgf ;Ddsf] c;fwf/0f
ljbf lbg ;Sg]5 .
-!@_ ljZjljBfno ;]jf cjlwe/ ! -Ps_ k6s klg :jfWoog
ljbfdf gj;]sf] lzIfsn] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] ul/ lgj[Q xF'bf ^
-5_ dlxgfsf] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tnj j/fj/sf] /sd lghnfO{
lbOg]5 . ;f] :jfWoog ljbf Ps jf b'O{ k6s pkef]u u/L
;s]sf lzIfssf] xsdf :jfWoog ljbf j;]sf] k6s s6fO{
jfFsL k6ssf] nflu ^ -5_ dlxgfsf] tnjsf] bfdf;fxLn] x'g]
/sd k|bfg ul/g]5 .
#@= c;fwf/0f ljbfM -!_ :yfoL lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] c;fwf/0f ljbf lng'
kg]{ sf/0f ;lxt lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / ;f] sf/0f dgfl;j b]lvPdf
ljZjljBfnon] Ps k6sdf ! -Ps_ jif{df gj9fO{ / ;]jf cjlwe/df
# -tLg_ jif{df ga9fO{ c;fwf/0f ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ ljZjljBfnodf % -kfFr_ jif{ ;]jf cjlw gk'u]sf lzIfs jf
sd{rf/Ln] c;fwf/0f ljbf kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] c;fwf/0f ljbfsf] cjlw lghsf]
;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g] 5}g  .
-$_ c;fwf/0f ljbfdf j:g] lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] pQm cjlwe/
tnj kfpg] 5}gg\ .
##= ljz]if tnaL ljbfM -!_ $ -rf/_ jif{ :yfoL ;]jf u/]sf sd{rf/LnfO{ !
-Ps_ dlxgfsf] k'/f tnaL ljz]if ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljbf hlt;'s} ;do;Dd klg hDdf
x'g ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pQm ljbf ! -Ps_ k6sdf #) -tL;_ lbg / ;]jf cjlwe/ (
-gf}_ dlxgf eGbf j9L lbOg] 5}g .
-$_ ljz]if tnaL ljbf lgod #! adf]lhdsf] :jfWoog ljbf gkfpg]
sd{rf/Ln] dfq kfpg]5 .
-%_ ljz]if tnjL ljbfdf a:g] sd{rf/Ln] ljbf a;]sf] cjlwdf
cfly{s nfe x'g] s'g} sfd ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-^_ ljZjljBfnosf] ;]jf ;DaGwL bIftf xfl;n ug]{ sfo{qmddf
21
 ;+nUg x'gsf nflu dfq of] ljbf lbOg]5 .
-&_ ljz]if tnaL ljbf pkef]u ug{ gkfPsf] sd{rf/L ljZjljBfno
;]jfaf6 lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] u/L lgj[Q x'Fbf lghn] ;f] ljbf
pkef]u gu/]jfkt lghsf] ;]jfsf] cfg'kflts lx;fadf a9Ldf
^ -5_ dlxgfsf] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnj j/fj/sf] /sd k|bfg
ul/g]5 .
#$= ljbf ;+lrtM lzIfs jf sd{rf/L ljZjljBfno ;]jf leqsf] Ps
kbaf6 csf]{ kbdf ;?jf jf lgo'lQm ePdf lghsf] ;?jf jf lgo'lQm
x'Fbfsf] avt ;+lrt /x]sf] ;j} lsl;dsf] ljbf gofF kbdf afxfn u/L
;+ro u/]sf] ljbf ;/x dflgg]5 .
#%= ljbf pkef]uM -!_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] cTofjZos ;]jfsf] ?kdf juL{s/0f u/L
tf]lsPsf ;]jf;+u ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lx?n] s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs ljbf
pkef]u ug{ kfpg] 5}gg\ .
-@_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhd ljbf pkef]u ug{ gkfpg] sd{rf/Lx?n]]
! jif{df &% -kRRfxQ/_ lbgsf] ;§f ljbf kfpg]5g\ .
-#_ k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf pkef]u gu/L afFsL /x]sf] ;§f
ljbfsf] /sd vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnjsf] cg'kftdf lghx?nfO{
lbOg]5 .
#^= ljbf clwsf/ gx'g]M ljbf clwsf/sf] ?kdf dflgg] 5}g  .
ljZjljBfnosf] sfddf afwf gkg]{ u/L lbOg] ;'ljwf dfq dflgg]5 .
lj/fdL ljbf, lqmof ljbf / ;'Ts]/L g} x'Fbfsf] k|;"lt ljbf afx]s s'g}
klg ljbf k"j{:jLs[tL lagf pkef]u ug{ ;lsg]] 5}g .
#&= ljbf :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/LM -!_ ljbf :jLs[t ug]{ tf]lsPsf]
clVtof/jfnf x'g]5 .
-@_ ljZjljBfnon] cTofjZostf cg';f/ c;fwf/0f ljbf
jf :jcWoog ljbf jf cWoog ljbfdf /x]sf lzIfs jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ lkmtf{ af]nfO{ ;]jfdf nufpg ;Sg]5 .

22
 kl/R5]b – ^
tna, eQf, cf}iflw pkrf/, rf8kj{ vr{ / ;'ljwfx?
#*= tnj eQfM -!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf axfn /x]sf lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] kbdf jxfnL u/]sf] lbgb]lv axfnL u/]sf] kbsf]
tna, eQf, / cGo ;'ljwf kfpg]5g\ .
-@_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf lgo'Qm ePsf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln]
ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf /xL sfd u/]jfkt kfpg] tna, eQf,
/ cGo ;'ljwf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f
u/]jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ o; lgod adf]lhd ;hfo kfPsf] cj:yfdf jfx]s k|To]s
lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ ! -Ps_ jif{sf] ;]jf k'/f u/]kl5 k|lt
jif{ Ps u|]8 tna j[l4 lbO{g]5 .
-$_ /f]Ssf ePsf] tnaj[l4 km'Ssf ePdf ;f] tna j[l4sf] ldlt
;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] lnlvt ?kdf clen]vdf hgfO{ /fVg'
kg]{5 .
#(= tnj e'QmfgLM -!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{/t /x]sf lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/LnfO{ k|To]s dlxgf ;dfKt ePkl5 tna eQfsf] e'QmfgL
lbO{g]5 .
-@_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] ksfPsf] tna eQf lgh ;]jfdf g/x]klg
lghn] pQm tnj eQf kfpg] 5 .
-#_ k|rlnt sfg"g / o; lgoddf Joj:yf ePsfdf jfx]s lzIfs
tyf sd{rf/Lsf] tna s§f ul/g] 5}g . of] lgod adf]lhd
tna gkfpg] egL tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] tna eQf sfd ul//x]sf] jf ljbfdf a;]sf]
cj:yfdf klg kfpg] 5 .
-$_ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\jf6 tf]lsPjdf]lhdsf kbdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tf]lsPjdf]lhdsf] n'uf, u/d ;'6, a'6, j;f{bL,
cf]e/sf]6 / h'Qf lbg ;lsg] 5 .
$)= b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQfM lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfnosf]
sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf kfpg] b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQf, j}7s eQf / cGo
;'ljwf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
$!= kfl/jfl/s b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQfM lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx? ;?jf
23
 x'Fbf kfpg] kfl/jfl/s b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6
tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
$@= lgnDagsf] cjlwsf] tnaM -!_ o; lgod jdf]lhd s'g} lzIfs jf
sd{rf/L lgnDag k/]df lghn] cfkm\gf] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] cfwf
tna kfpg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg lgh pk/
nufO{Psf] cleof]u k|dfl0ft geO{ ;kmfO{ kfPdf lgnDagdf
/x]sf] cjlwdf cfwf tnj lnO{;s]sf] eP ;f] s§f u/L /
glnPsf] eP k'/} tna -tnj j[l4 x'g] ePdf ;f] ;d]t_
kfpg]5 .
-#_ lgnlDjt ePsf] lzIfs, sd{rf/L s;'/bf/ 7x/L ;]jfaf6
x6fO{Pdf lgnDag ePsf] ldlt b]lvsf] afFsL tna kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{/t lzIfs jf sd{rf/L g}lts ktg
b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf jf k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd y'gfdf
/x]df ;f] y'gf cjlwe/ :jtM lgnDag ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-%_ :jtM lgnDag /x]sf] lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln] lgnDag cjlwe/sf]
tnj eQf kfpg] 5}g . t/ cleof]ujf6 ;kmfO{ kfPdf lghn]
;Dk"0f{ tnj eQf kfpg]5 .
$#= rf8kj{ vr{M -!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{/t /x]sf lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] ! -Ps_ dlxgfsf] tna
j/fj/sf] /sd k|To]s jif{ rf8kj{ vr{sf] ?kdf lbO{g]5 .
-@_ rf8kj{ ljbfeGbf cl3 sDtLdf ^ -5_ dlxgfsf] ;]jf cjlw
k'/f gePsf c:yfoL lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ k]ZsLsf] ?kdf
rf8kj{ vr{ lbOg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ jdf]lhd rf8kj{ vr{ lnO{ ljZjljBfnodf ^ -5_
dlxgf eGbf sd cjlw ;]jf u/L 5f8]df ;f] /sd ;DalGwt
lzIfs jf sd{rf/Laf6 c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
$$= cf}ifwL pkrf/ vr{M -!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf ;]jf/t :yfoL lzIfs
tyf sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] ;]jf cjlwdf pk–k|fWofks Pj+ ;xfos
k|zf;s jf ;f] ;/x / ;f] eGbf dflysf sd{rf/Ln] !% -kGw|_ dlxgf
a/fa/sf] /sd cf}ifwL pkrf/ vr{jfkt kfpg] 5g\ .
-@_ ;xfos :t/sf sd{rf/Ln] lghx?n] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] !* -c7f/_
dlxgfsf] tna a/fa/sf] cf}ifwL pkrf/ vr{ kfpg]5g\ .
24
 -#_ ;kf]6{ :6fkm txsf sd{rf/Ln] lghx?n] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] @!
-PSsfO;_ dlxgfsf] tna a/fa/sf] cf}ifwL pkrf/ vr{
kfpg]5g\ .
-$_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{/t lzIfs jf sd{rf/L jf lghsf]
kl/jf/sf] ;b:o lj/fdL ePdf pklgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd
kfpg] /sddf s§f x'g]u/L b]xfojdf]lhd ePsf] pkrf/ vr{
lbO{g]5 .
-s_ /f]usf] pkrf/sf lgldQ :jLs[t lrlsT;sn] hf+r ubf{
nfu]sf] z"Ns tyf hf+r u/L n]lvPsf] k|]l:qmK;g cg';f/
cf}ifwL lsg]sf] vr{ .
-v_ gl;{·xf]d jf c:ktfndf egf{ x'+bf nfu]sf] lan jdf]lhd
vr{ .
-%_ eljiodf ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 cof]Uo 7xg]{ u/L ;]jfaf6
avf{:t ul/Psf afx]s cGo h'g;'s} j]xf]/faf6 s'g} lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu x'+bf o; lgod jdf]lhd kfpg] pkrf/
vr{ dWo] s]xL lnO{ jf glnO{ pkrf/ vr{ lng af+sL /x]sf] eP
;f]] af+sL /sd Psd'i7 lng kfpg]5 . o;/L afFsL /x]sf] /sd
Ps d'i7 ln+bf @) -aL;_ aif{ ;Dd ;]jf u/]sfnfO{ !) k|ltzt
yk @) -aL;_ jif{ eGbf a9L @% jif{;Dd ;]jf u/]sf nfuL
!% k|ltzt / @% -klRr;_ aif{ eGbf a9L ;]jf u/]sfnfO{ @)
k|ltzt yk x'g] u/L x'g cfpg] /sd Ps d'i7 lng kfpFg]5 .
-^_ s'g} lzIfs, sd{rf/L lj/fdL ePdf cf}ifwL pkrf/sf] nfuL
lgsfzf lb+bf @) -aL;_ aif{sf] cjlwnfO{ ;]jfsf] k'/f cjlw
dfgL To;sf] cg'kftdf lj/fdL x'g] lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf]
;]jf cjwLn] lx;fa u/L o; lgod adf]lhd cf}ifwL pkrf/
vr{ lbOg]5 . ;]jf cjlw u0fgf ubf{ c:yfoL jf s/f/ ;]jf
c6'6 /fvL :yfoL ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t u0fgf ul/g]5 .
$%= ljZjljBfno ;]jf kbssf] Joj:yfM ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf clgjfo{
cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf jf sDtLdf @% -klRRf;_ jif{ ljZjljBfno ;]jf
u/]sf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6 tf]lsPadf]lhdsf]
;]jf kbs, k|df0fkq / gub k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
$^= bfx ;+:sf/ vr{M ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{/t /x]sf] cj:yfdf
s'g} kbflwsf/L jf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' x'Fbf lghsf] bfx
25
 ;+:sf/ afkt ?= %),)))÷– -krf; xhf/ ?k}+of_ d[ts JolQmsf]
xsbf/nfO{ lbOg] 5 .
$&= k|fyldstf / ;x'lnotM ljZjljBfnodf sfo{/t tyf k"j{ kbflwsf/L,
lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ljZjljBfnosf lgsfox?jf6 ;]jf
lng' kg]{ ePdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6 tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] k|fyldstf
/ ;x'lnot k|bfg ul/g]5 . 12∗o; ljZjljBfnodf sfo{/t lzIfs,
sd{rf/L jf lghsf @ -b'O{_ ;Gtfg ;DdnfO{ o;} ljZjljBfno
cGtu{t cWoog ubf{ lzIf0f z'Ns nfUg] 5}g\  . o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf]
nflu lzIfs, sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;Gtfgx? aLr dfq k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{
of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df 5gf}6 ul/g]5 .
$*= r]o/ k|bfgM -!_ ljZjljBfnoaf6 jf s'g} /fli6«o jf ljb]zL jf cGt/f{li6«o
;+:yf jf JolQmaf6 :yflkt r]o/ tf]lsPsf] z}lIfs, k|fl1s jf cg';Gwfg
;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf jxfnjfnf lzIfsx?dWo]
pko'Qm lzIfsnfO{ ;DalGwt ljBfkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\n] r]o/ k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] r]o/sf] Joj:yf, ;'ljwf, zt{ / cGo
sfo{ljlw k|fl1s kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6
tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
$(= d/0ff]k/fGt cg'bfgM ljZjljBfnosf :yfoL lzIfs jf sd{rf/L ;]jf
cjlwdf d[To' ePdf lghsf xsjfnfnfO{ Psd'i7 ?= %),)))÷
-krf; xhf/ ?k}+of_ lbO{g]5 .
-@_ xsjfnfsf] lgwf{/0f lgj[lte/0f ;DaGwL lgod cg';f/ g}
x'g]5 .
∗
12 klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&) 4f/f yk .

26
 kl/R5]b – &
cjsfz
%)= clgjfo{ cjsfzM -!_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{
lghsf] pd]/ ^# -lq;¶L_ jif{ k'/f ePkl5 ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6
clgjfo{ cjsfz lbOg]5 .
-@_ o; lgodfjnLdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg dfly
pklgod -!_ jdf]lhd clgjfo{ cjsfzdf kg]{ lzIfs jf
sd{rf/L h'g;'s} k|lqmofaf6 ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf of] lgod
k|f/De x'g' cl3Nnf] lbg;Dd lgo'Qm eO{ cfPsf]df lghsf]
pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f jf cGo ;'ljwfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu
lghsf] xsdf ljZjljBfno ;]jf cjlw lghsf] pd]/ ^#
-lq;¶L_ jif{sf] cfwf/ dflgg]5 .
-#_ o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/sf]
u0fgf ubf{ ;]jfdf k|j]z ubf{ lghn] k]z u/]sf] lzIf0f ;+:yfgsf]
k|df0fkqdf pNn]v ePsf] hGd lbg jf jif{af6 x'g cfpg]
pd]/ jf gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqdf pNn]v ePsf] hGdlbg jf
jif{af6 x'g cfpg] pd]/ jf lghn] e/]sf] j}olQms ljj/0f
-l;6/f]n_ df n]lvlbPsf] hGdlbg jf jif{jf6 x'g cfPsf] pd]/
dWo] h'g pd]/jf6 lgh klxn] cjsfz kfpg] xf] ;f]lx cfwf/df
pd]/ u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-$_ jif{ jf ;Djt\ dfq pNn]v ePsf] k|df0fkqsf cfwf/df hGd
ldlt sfod ubf{ b]xfo jdf]lhd sfod ul/g]5 .
s_ gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] xsdf k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf]
ldltsf cfwf/df,
v_ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] xsdf k|df0fkq hf/L ePsf]
ldltsf] cfwf/df,
u_ l;6/f]nsf] xsdf z'? Efgf{ ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df .
-%_ s'g} k|df0fkqdf jif{ dfq pNn]v ePsf] / csf]{ k|df0fkqdf
k'/f hGd ldlt v'n]sf] /x]5 tyf To:tf] k|df0fkqdf pNn]lvt
hGd ldltx?sf ljrdf ! -Ps_ jif{ ;Ddsf] cGt/ b]lvPdf
k'/f v'n]sf] hGd ldltnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg' kg]{5 .
-^_ dfly pklgod -$_ / -%_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg
27
 5'§f5'§} k|df0fkqdf pNn]v ePsf] hGdldltsf] cGt/ ! -Ps_
jif{ eGbf a9L cfPdf jif{ dfq pNn]v ePsf] k|df0fkqsf]
cfwf/df pklgod -$_ / -%_ jdf]lhd hGd ldlt sfod
ul/g]5 .
%!= :j}lR5s cjsfzM -!_ @) -aL;_ jif{;Dd :yfoL ;]jf ul/;s]sf
lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lghsf] O{R5f ePdf lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/Ln]
;]jfaf6 cjsfz lng cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
%@= ;]jf cjlwsf] u0fgfM -!_ o; lgodfjnLsf] kl/R5]b -&_ / -*_ sf]
k|of]hgsf] nflu ;]jfsf] cjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf
c:yfoL jf k"0f{sflng s/f/ ;]jfdf /xL c6'6 ;]jf u/L :yfoL ePsf]
/ :yfoL lgo'lQm eO{ ;]jf u/]sf] k/LIf0fsfnsf] cjlw tyf lgnDjgdf
/x]sf] cjlw tyf ;/sf/L ;]jfaf6 /fhLgfdf u/L ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf
k|j]z kfpFbfsf] ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-@_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs jf sd{rf/L ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf
nflu cof]Uo x'g] u/L avf{:t ePsf]df kl5 s'g} sf/0fn] ;f]
cof]Uotf k|dfl0ft geO{ lgh lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] :yfoL
lgo'lQm ePdf jf /fhLgfdf lbO{ ljZjljBfno ;]jf 5f8]sf] t/
pkbfg jf lgj[lte/0f gkfPsf] cj:yfdf km]l/ ljZjljBfno
;]jfdf :yfoL lgo'lQm ePdf ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf ;f] lzIfs
jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw hf]l8g]5 .
-#_ ljZjljBfnosf] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] cGoq sfddf /x]sf]
cj:yfsf] ;]jf cjlw u0fgf ubf{ ;f] lgsfoaf6 lgj[lte/0f
jf pkbfg lnPdf ;f] cjlw ljZjljBfnosf] pkbfg /
lgj[lte/0fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ pklgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg
ljZjljBfnosf] P]gsf] bkmf -#_ sf] pkbkmf -@_ jdf]lhd o;
ljZjljBfnodf ufleg cfPsf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx? o;
ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf k|j]z u/]sf] dflgg] 5 / lghx?n] ;]jf
;'? u/]sf] ;fljs cjlw b]lv g} pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0fsf]
k|of]hgsf] nflu ;]jf cjlw u0fgf ul/g] 5 .
-%_ ;/sf/L lzIfs jf sd{rf/L ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfhdf
cfO{ sfd ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/L ;]jfaf6 /fhLgfdf

28
 u/L ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf k|j]z kfO{ c6'6 ;]jf u/]sf :yfoL
lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;/sf/L ;]jfdf c:yfoL jf
ljsf;tkm{ lgo'Qm ePsf jf :yfoL ePsf ldlt b]lv pkbfg
jf lgj[lte/0fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu dfq ;]jf cjlw u0fgf
ul/g]5 .
-^_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf :yfoL lgo'lQm eO{ sfd ul//x]sf s'g}
k|zf;lgs sd{rf/L lgodfg';f/ lzIf0ftkm{ lgo'lQm ePdf
lghn] k|zf;lgs kbdf /xL ;]jf u/]jfkt kfpg] pkbfg
jf lgj[lte/0f glnPdf dfq lghsf] ;]jf cjlw pkbfg
jf lgj[lQe/0fsf k|of]hgsf] nflu lzIf0ftkm{ hf]8L u0fgf
ul/g]5 . of] lgod ;f]lx k|lqmofg';f/ lzIf0faf6 k|zf;gtkm{
cfpg] lzIfsnfO{ klg nfu' x'g]5 .
-&_ pRr cWoogsf] nflu :jLs[t u/fO{ cWoog ljbfdf j;]sf]
t/ ;f] cWoog k'/f gu/L kms]{sf] xsdf eg] lgh cWoog
ug{ uPsf] cjlw o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;]jf cjlwdf
u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .

29
 kl/R5]b— *
pkbfg / lgj[lQe/0f
%#= pkbfg / lgj[lQe/0f sf]ifM -!_ o; ljZjljBfnosf] cfly{s, k|zf;g
lgodfjnL @)^( adf]lhd :yflkt pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f sf]if
zLif{sdf o; ljZjljBfnosf :yfoL lZfIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] !)
-bz_ k|ltzt tna s§f u/L ;f] /sddf ljZjljBfnon] :jLs[t tnj
lzif{ssf] jflif{s ah]6af6 sDtLdf !) -bz_ k|ltzt /sd Psd'i7
yk u/L pkbfg tyf lgj[QLe/0f sf]ifsf] k|of]hgsf] nfuL bflvnf
ul/g]5 . t/ s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno P]g, @)^& sf] bkmf
# -@_ adf]lhd o; ljZjljBfnodf ;dfof]hg x'g] cf+·Ls SofDk;sf]
lzIfs÷sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf eg] pkbfg / lgj[QLe/0f k|of]hgsf] nfuL
lghx?sf] tnjaf6 /sd s§f ul/g] 5}g .
13∗
-@_ pk lgod -!_ df h'g ;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg s[lif tyf
jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno P]g, @)^& sf] bkmf # sf] pk bkmf
-@_ jdf]lhd lqe'jg ljZjljBfnojf6 o; s[lif tyf jg lj1fg
ljZjljBfnodf ;dfj]z ePsf cWoog ;+:yfg / SofDk;jf6
ldlt @)&$ j}zfv $ ut] kl5 ;dfof]hg eO{ cfpg]
lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf eg] pkbfg tyf lgj[lQ e/0f
k|of]hgsf] nfuL lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] k|fjwfg jdf]lhd !)
k|ltzt tnj lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf s§f u/L /x]sf lzIfs
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;f]xL jdf]lhd / lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf]
k|fjwfg jdf]lhd !) k|ltzt tnj pkbfg tyf lgj[lQ e/0f
k|of]hgsf] nfuL s§f gx'g] lzIfs, sd{rf/L] ;f]xL jdf]lhd x'g5
]  .
%$= pkbfgM -!_ % -kf+r_ jif{ jf ;f]eGbf j9L :yfoL ;]jf u/]sf] t/
lgj[lte/0f kfpg] cjlw gk'u]sf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] cjsfz
kfPdf jf /fhLgfdf :jLs[t u/fO{ ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 cnu
ePdf jf ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] lgldQ eljiodf cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L
ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 x6fOPdf b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] pkbfg kfpg]5g\  .
-s_ % -kf+r_ jif{b]lv !) -bz_ jif{;Dd ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf
/x]sf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf cfkm'
/x]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] lgldt vfOkfO{ cfPsf] cflv/ tnan]
∗
13 kfFrf} ;+zf]wg @)&$ åf/f yk .
30
 cfwf dlxgfsf] tna,
-v_ !) -bz_ jif{eGbf j9L !% -kGw|_ jif{;Dd ljZjljBfno
;]jfdf /x]sf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf
cfkm' /x]sf] k|To]s jif{sf lgldQ vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] cflv/L
tnasf] b/n] ! -Ps_ dlxgfsf] tna,
-u_ !% -kGw|_ jif{eGbf j9L @) -aL;_ jif{ k'/f geP;Dd
ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf /x]sf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln]
ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf cfkm' /x]sf] k|To]s jif{sf lgldQ
vfOkfO{ cfPsf] cflv/L tnasf] $% -k}tfln;_ lbgsf]
tna .
-@_ ljZjljBfnosf] s'g} lgsfosf] kb g} grflxg] eO{ vf/]hLdf
k/]sf] jf zf/Ll/s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0fn] ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf
/xg c;dy{ jf d[To' ePsf] s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln]
sDtLdf # -tLg_ jif{ k'/f ;]jf u/]sf] /x]5 / lghsf] ;]jfsf]
hDdf cjlwdf % -kf+r_ jif{ yk]df lgj[lte/0f kfpg] cjlw
k'Ub}g eg] vf/]hLdf k/]sf] jf zf/Ll/s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0fn]
ljZjljBfnosf] ;]jf ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] cjlw;Ddsf] lghsf]
;]jfsf] hDdf % -kf+r_ jif{ ykL x'g cfpg] cjlwsf] lx;fjn]
lghnfO{ o; lgodadf]lhd pkbfg lbg'kg]{5 .
-#_ ljZjljBfnosf] ;]jf kfpg jf ;f] ;]jfdf axfn /xg] p2]Zon]
lzIff ;DaGwL s'g} of]Uotf, tLg k':t]jf/L, gfd, y/, jtg,
gful/stf em'§f k|dfl0ft x'g cfPdf of] lgodadf]lhd To:tf]
lzIfs sd{rf/LnfO{ pkbfg lbOg] 5}g .
%%= lgj[lQe/0fM -!_ sDtLdf % -kf+r_ jif{ :yfoL eO{ @) -aL;_ jif{
jf ;f] eGbf a9L cjlw ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{/t lzIfs jf
sd{rf/Ln] cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf] ldlt b]lv hLjg ko{Gt b]xfo
adf]lhd dfl;s lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] 5g\ .
hDdf ;]jf jif{ x cflv/L tnasf] /sd
%)
-@_ o; lgodcg';f/ kfpg] lgj[lQe/0fsf] dfl;s /sd ;DalGwt
lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] dfl;s tnasf] %)¼
eGbf 36L x'g] 5}g .
-#_ ljZjljBfnonfO{ cfkm\gf] s'g} lgsfo jf kb g} cfjZos
geO{ vf/]h ug'{ k/]df jf zf/Ll/s c:j:ytfsf sf/0fn]
31
 ljZjljBfnosf] ;]jf ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] jf d[To' ePsf] s'g}
lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] hDdf cjlwdf % -kf+r_ jif{
;Dd yk]df lgj[lQe/0f kfpg ;Sg] ePdf lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]
cjlw k'¥ofpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu a9Ldf % -kf+r_ jif{ ;Dd
ylkg] 5 .
-$_ ljZjljBfnosf] s'g} kbdf klxnf u/]sf] ;]jf jfkt lgj[lQe/0f
kfO{/x]sf] e"tk"j{ lzIfs jf sd{frf/L kl5 ljZjljBfnosf]
lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ePdf lghn] kl5 u/]sf]
;]jf jfkt of] lgod adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] 5}g .
-%_ ljZjljBnfosf] ;]jf kfpg] jf ;f] ;]jfdf jxfn x'g] pb]Zon]
lzIff ;DaGwL of]Uotf, # -tLg_ k':tf, pd]/, gfd, jtg,
gful/stf 9fF6]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g uPdf of] lgod adf]lhd
lgj[lQe/0f lbOg] 5}g .
-^_ eljiodf ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf lgldQ cof]Uo 7xg{] u/L
;]jfjf6 jvf{:t ul/Psf] lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] o; lgod
jdf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f kfpg ;Sg] 5}g\ .
%^= lgj[lQe/0f j[l4M -!_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfosf]
cj:yfdf lgj[lQe/0f j[l4 ul/g]5 .
-s_ jxfnjfn lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln]sf] tnj a[l4 x'Fbf tnjsf] z'?
c+sdf hlt j[l4 ePsf] 5 To;sf] @ -b'O{_ ltxfO /sd ;dfg
kbdf lgj[Q ePsf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] lgj[lQe/0f /sddf
klg yk ul/g] 5 .
-v_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfjf6 lgj[Q ePsf e"tk"j{ lzIfs, sd{rf/LnfO{
vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] dfl;s lgj[lQe/0f j/fj/sf] /sd14∗rf8kj{
vr{ jfkt lbOg]5 .
%&= kfl/jf/Ls lgj[lQe/0fM -!_ o; lgod jdf]lhd kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f
b]xfojdf]lhd x'g]5 .
-s_ s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/L ljZjljBfnosf] ;]jfdf 5Fb} jf ;]jf
lgj[lQe/0f kfpg yfn]sf] & -;ft_ jif{ gk'Ub} d[To' ePdf o;
lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf u/] cg';f/ lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ lgod
%% df n]lvPsf] b/n] lgj[lQe/0f k|bfg ul/g]5 .
-v_ v08 -s_ jdf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f kfpg yfn]sf] & -;ft_ jif{
gk'Ub}df d[To' ePsf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jf/nfO{ &
∗
14 rf}yf] ;+zf]wg @)&# åf/f ;+zf]lwt
32
 -;ft_ jif{ k'u]kl5 lgj[lQe/0f k|fKt x'g] 5}g .
-u_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLsf] xsdf
gLhn] lghsf] klt jf kTgL ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf x'+b} jf
lgj[lQe/0f kfpg yfn]s]f & -;ft_ jif{ gk'Ub} d[To' ePdf
o; lgod adf]lhd kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] ePdf ;f]
lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] cjlw e'Stfg ePsf] ldlt b]lv lghn] kfpg]
lgj[lQe/0fsf] cfwf /sd cflhjg kfpg] 5 .
-3_ v08 -u_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg lgj[lQe/0f
kfpg]n] k'g j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod u/]df of] ;'ljwf kfpg]
5}g .
-ª_ o; lgod jdf]lhd pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f e'QmfgL ubf{
d[ts lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o dWo]df
jf cfkm\gf] gfjfns efO{ jf cljjflxt lblb jxLgL s;}nfO{
OR5fO{Psf] /x]5 eg] ;f] JolQmnfO{ / s'g} sf/0fn] ;f] JolQmn]
kfpg g;Sg] cj:yf ePdf ;f] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jf/sf]
;b:o dWo] sfg"gL xsjfnfnfO{ lbOg]5 .
-r_ v08 -ª_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu kl/jf/ eGgfn] lzIfs jf
sd{rf/Lsf] cfkm};+u a:g] tyf cfkm}+n] kfngkf]if0f ug'{kg]{ klt,
kTgL, 5f]/f jf wd{k'q cljjflxtf 5f]/L jf cljjflxtf wd{k'qL
hgfpg]5 .
%*= c;fwf/0f kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0fM -!_ s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf]
tTsfn} d[To' ePdf jf 7"nf] rf]6k6s nflu To;sf] sf/0fjf6 lgsf]
gx'+b} kl5 d[To' ePdf lghsf] ljw'/ klt jf ljw'jf kTgLnfO{ sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\jf6 tf]sLP jdf]lhdsf] 5'§} cflhjg kfl/jf/Ls lgj[lQe/0f
lbO{g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ljw'/ klt jf ljw'jf kTgLnfO{
b]xfojdf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf dfq dfGotf lbOg]5 .
s_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] sf/0fjf6 d[To' x'g] 36gf cl3 lzIfs
jf sd{rf/L;+u j}jflxs ;DaGw eO;s]sf] x'g'kg]{ 5 .
-v_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] ;dodf lgh Psf;+uf]ndf
/x]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ ljw'/ klt jf ljw'jf kTgL gePdf jf klt jf kTgLsf] d[To'
cl3 lghjf6 leGg eO{;s]sf] ePdf jf ljw'/ klt jf ljw'jf
kTgLsf] k'gM ljjfx x'g' eGbf cl3sf] kltjf6 hGd]sf] !^ -;f]x|_
33
 jif{ eGbf sd pd]/sf ;Gtfg jf wd{ k'q, cljjflxtf wd{k'lq
/x]5g\ eg] lghx?sf] u'hf/fsf] lgldQ k|To]snfO{ sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\n] dgfl;j b]v]sf] cjlw;Ddsf nflu bfdf;flxn] ljw'/
klt jf ljw'jfkTgLn] kfpg] lgj[lQe/0fsf] @ -b'O{_ ltxfOdf
ga9\g] u/L kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-$_ d[t lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf ljw'/ klt jf ljw'jf kTgL, ;GttL
jf wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /x]5g\ / lgh lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf]
cfl>t cfdf, afa' b'j} jf b'O{dWo] Ps /x]5g eg] lghx?sf]
u'hf/fsf] lgldQ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] dgfl;j b]v]df j9Ldf
!) -bz_ jif{sf] cjlw;Ddsf nflu bfdf;flxn] ljw'/ klt jf
ljw'jf kTgLn] kfpg] kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0fsf] @ -b'O{_ ltxfOdf
gj9\g] u/L dgfl;j 7xl/g cfPsf] b/n] kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f
k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-%_ d[t lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] ljw'/ klt jf ljw'jf kTgLsf] xsdf
sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] cf}lrTo / cfjZostf x]/L tf]lsP jdf]lhd
x'g]5 .
%(= ;ldlt u7gM -!_ s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/L ljZjljBfnosf] sfdsf]
l;nl;nfdf d[To' ePdf jf ;f] sf/0fjf6 lgsf] gx'+b} d[To' ePdf
lghsf] ljw'/ klt jf ljw'jf kTgLn] kfpg] cfhLjg kfl/jf/Ls
lgj[lQe/0fsf ;DaGwdf l;kmfl/; ug{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] ;ldlt
u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhdsf] ;ldltnfO{ s'g} lZfIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf]
d[To' ljZjljBfnosf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf ePsf] xf] jf xf]Og
eGg] ;DaGwdf ;d]t /fo JoQm ul/ l;kmfl/; ug]{ clwsf/
x'g]5 .
^)= tnjsf] pNn]vM -!_ o; kl/R5]b\df hxf+ tnjsf] pNn]v ePsf] 5
To;n] ;DalGwt lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] tTsfnsf] tnj pNn]v ePsf]
-u|]8 a[l4 ;d]t_ nfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-@_ o; lgod jdf]lhd k|bfg ul/g] pkbfg / lgj[lQe/0fsf]
/sdsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu cflvl/ tnj eGgfn]] ;DalGwt
lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] cjsf; k|fKt ug{] cj:yfsf] k'/f tnasf]
lx;fj ul/g]5 .
^!= pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] xsjfnfsf] qmd / sfo{ljlwM -!_ pd]/sf]
sf/0fjf6 clgjfo{ cjsfz kfpg] lZfIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] cjsf;
34
 lng] ldlt eGbf ^ -5_ dlxgf cufj} sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\åf/f tf]lsPsf]
9fFrfdf k|kq -kmf/fd_ e/L cfkm' jxfn /x]sf] ljZjljBfnosf] lgsfo
dfkm{t /lhi6«f/nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L ljZjljBfnosf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ :j]lR5s cjsf; k|fKt ug]{ jf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] cjsf; lbPsf]
jf ^ -5_ dlxgf leq ;f] k|kq -kmf/fd_ e/L ljZjljBfnosf]
lgsfo dfkm{t /lhi6«f/nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L ljZjljBfnosf]
s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
15∗
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k|kq -kmf/fd_ eg{ gkfpFb} s'g} lzIfs
jf sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf To:tf] d[t lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln]
s;}nfO{ gO{R5fPsf] eP lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:ox?dWo]
b]xfosf] qmdcg';f/ hf] lhljt 5 p;}n] ljZjljBfnosf]
s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf ^ -5_ dlxgf leq k|kq e/L k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-s_ ;uf]nsf] klt jf kTgL
-v_ ;uf]nsf] 5f]/f, cljjflxtf 5f]/L, wd{k'q, cljjflxtf wd{k'qL
jf ljwjf 5f]/f a'xf/L
-u_ ;uf]nsf] afa', cfdf,
-3_ cfkm}n] kfngkf]if0f ug'{kg]{ k'?if / cljjflxtf dlxnf
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf afh], aHo} / ljjflxt dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf]
xsdf ;f;", ;;'/f / 5f]/fkl§sf] gflt,
-ª_ leGg a;]sf] klt jf kTgL,
-r_ leGg a;]sf] 5f]/f, cljjflxtf 5f]/L, wd{k'q, cljjflxtf
wd{k'qL jf ljwjf 5f]/f a'xf/L,
-5_ leGg a;]sf] afa' / cfdf
-h_ ;uf]nsf] bfh', efO{, / 5f]/fkl§sf] cljjflxtf gfltgL,
-em_ ;uf]nsf] cljjflxtf lbbL, alxgL
-`_ ;uf]nsf] elthf, elthL,;f}t]gL cfdf, leGg a;]sf
5f]/fkl§sf] gflt, cljjflxtf, gfltgL
-6_ ;uf]nsf] sfsf, ljwjf, sfsL, efph', efO{ a'xf/L,
gfltgL a'xf/L
-7_ leGg a;]sf] bfh', efO{
-8_ ljjflxtf lbbL, alxgL, leGg a;]sf afh], aHo}, gfltgL
a'xf/L, elthf .
∗
15 t];|f] ;+zf]wg @)&@ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
35
 :kli6s/0fM Ps} qmddf Ps eGbf j9L gft]bf/x? tf]lsPsf]
eP ;f] qmddf tf]lsPsf] ;a} gft]bf/x?n] a/fa/ lx;fadf
d[t sd{rf/Lsf] lgj[Qe/0f kfpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ Ps} qmddf ! -Ps_ eGbf a9L gft]bf/x? tf]lsPsf eP ;f]
qmddf tf]lsPsf ;j} gft]bf/x?n] a/fa/ lx;fjdf d[t lzIfs
jf sd{rf/Lsf] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg ;Sg]5g\ .
-%_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ jdf]lhd k|kq k|fKt ePkl5 ljZjljBfnosf]
s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] cfjZos hf+ra'em ul/ casfz k|fKt ug]{
lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] lgj[lQe/0f clwsf/–kq -k]G;g k]]d]G6
c8{/_ jf pkbfg k|bfg ug{ cfjZos sf/jflx ug'{kg]{5 .
^@= pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f /f]SsfM a'ema'emf/y ug'{kg]{ lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Ln] To;/L a'ema'emf/y gu/]df jf a'em\g' kg]{ ga'em]df jf
a'emfpg' kg]{ ga'emfPdf lghn] kfpg] pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f
/lhi6«f/sf] lg0f{ojf6 /f]Ssf ug{ jf glbg ;lsg]5 .
^#= pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]M -!_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg b]xfPsf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] lgj[lQe/0f
kfpg] 5g\ .
s_ pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f e'QmfgLsf] nflu ;]jf cjlw u0fgf
ubf{ lgod %@ jdf]lhd u0fgf ul/g] 5 .
-v_ cGo ljZjljBfnoaf6 lgj[lQe/0f k|fKt ul//x]sf] lzIfs,
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf o; ljZjljBfnoaf6 lgj[lQe/0f lbO{g]
5}g . t/ pkbfg k|bfg ug{ eg] of] lgodn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
-u_ ljZjljBfnosf] :yfoL ;]jfdf sfo{/t /lx of] lgod nfu' x'g'
eGbf cuf8L /flhgfdf lbO{ jf d[To' eO{ ljZjljBfno ;]jfjf6
cnu ePsf lZfIfs, sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ klg o;} lgod cg';f/
pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f k|bfg ul/g] 5 .
-@_ pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf, sfo{k|0ffnL /
;DalGwt kmf/fdx?sf] 9fFrf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s] jdf]lhd
x'g]5 .

36
 kl/R5]b – (
lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] ;+rosf]if / ;fk6L
^$= sd{rf/L ;+rosf]ifM -!_ ljZjljBfnodf k'/f ;do sfd ug]{ k|To]s
kbflwsf/L, :yfoL lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;+rosf]if x'g]5 . pQm
;+rosf]ifsf] /sd sd{rf/L ;+rosf]ifdf hDdf ul/g]5 .
-@_ lq=lj= af6 o; s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfnodf P]gsf] bkmf
# -@_ cg';f/ ;dfof]hg ePsf cf+l¨s SofDk;sf lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Lx?n] o; ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf k|jz ] ug'{ eGbf cl3Nnf]
lbg ;Ddsf] ;+rosf]if, pkbfg, lgj[lQe/0f, ljbf 16∗/ cGo ;'ljwf
nufot ;Dk"0f{ af+ls aSof}tf lq=lj=jf6 lemsfO{g5
]  .
-#_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhd lgh kbflwsf/L, lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]
dfl;s tnaaf6 !) -bz_ k|ltztsf] b/n] k|To]s dlxgf /sd
s6fOg]5 / ;f] s6fOPsf] /sddf ljZjljBfnodf ztk|ltzt yk
ul/ lgh kbflwsf/L, lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] gfddf ;+rosf]ifdf
hDdf ul/g]5 .
-$_ pklgod -@_ jdf]lhd ætnaÆ eGgfn] lzIfs, sd{rf/Lx?n]
kfpg] eQf cflb ;dfj]z gu/L v'b tna / u|]8nfO{ dfq
hgfpg]5 .
∗
-%_ lq=lj= cGtu{tsf lzIfs, sd{rf/L o; ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf
cfpg' eGbf cl3 ;fljssf] ljZjljBfnodf ;]jf ubf{ hDdf ePsf]
;+rosf]ifsf] /sd lq=lj=nfO{ lgh lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] ;+rosf]ifsf]
vftfdf hDdf ug{ nufOg] 5 . s'g} lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln] rfx]df cfkm\
gf] ;fljsdf /x+bf hDdf ePsf] ;+rosf]ifsf] /sd cfkm} lnO{ ;d]t
o; s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf cfpg ;Sg] 5g\ .
-^_ lghx?nfO{ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf cfPsf] ldlt b]lv dfq
ljZjljBfno ;+ro sf]ifsf] ;'ljwf lbOg]5 .
-&_ o; lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ul/P jdf]lhdsf] ;+rosf]if s§L
;DaGwL ;'ljwf ljZjljBfnodf :yfoL ;]jf u/L cfPsf lzIfs
jf sd{rf/Ln] dfq pkef]u ug{ kfpg]5g\ .
^%= ;fk6L tyf k]ZsL]M lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lbO{g] k]ZsL tyf
;fk6L sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
∗
16 klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&) 4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
37
 kl/R5]b – !)
lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0f
^^= ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0fM -!_ ljZjljBfnosf
lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfno / o; cGt{utsf lgsfox?df
;]jfdf jxfn /xFbf jf sfo{/t /xFbf b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] cfr/0fx?sf]
kfngf ug'{kg]{5 .
-s_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] l;nl;nfdf k|fKt
hfgsf/L / ;"rgfsf] uf]Kotf e+u ug{ gx'g] .
-v_ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lgoldttfsf] kfngf ul/ ?h' xflh/ /xg'
kg]{5 .
-u_ cfkm\gf] :jfy{ /x]sf] ljifodf cfkm}+n] lg0f{o ug{ gx'g] .
-3_ k|fl1s ax;, g]kfn k|fWofks ;+3, sd{rf/L ;+3 h:tf k]zfut
;+u7g / ;fdflhs ;+:yfx?df pd]bjf/ x'g] / efu lng]
jfx]s /fhlglts bnsf] ;b:o eO{ /fhgLlts lgjf{rgdf
pDd]bjf/ aGg kfO{g] 5}g .
-ª_ olb /fhgLlts lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ aGg' kg]{ ePdf sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\n] cGoyf lg0f{o u/] jfx]s !% -kGw|_ lbg cufj}
ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 /flhgfdf lbg' kg]]{5 .
-r_ cfkm" sfo{/t /x]sf] lgsfo jf sfof{no jfx]s sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\n] tf]s]sf] kbflwsf/Lsf] :jLs[lt ljgf cGo lgsfodf
k'/f jf cf+lzs ;dosf nflu sfd ug{ x'+b}g .
-5_ cfkm\gf] gftf kg]{ s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/L jf JolQmsf] ljifodf
cfkm'n] lg0f{o ug{ gx'g] .
-h_ v08 -5_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu gftf kg]{ s'g} lzIfs, sd{rf/L
jf JolQm eGgfn] klt÷klTg, cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/L, a'xf/L jf HjfO{+,
;xf]b/ bfh'efO{ / lghx?sf kTgL, cfdfafa' ;Demg' kb{5 .
-em_ lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] s'g} k/fdz{ jf cg';Gwfg ;+aGwL
k|lti7fg vf]Ng jf ;+rfng ug{ kfpg]5}g .
-`_ clVtof/jfnfsf] :jLs[lt a]u/ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] s'g} ;+:yf
jf 7fpFaf6 k|fKt 5fqj[lQ :jLsf/ ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
-6_ lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfno leq jf aflx/ cfˆm\gf]

38
 af}l4s tyf k|fl1s k|lti7f sfod /xg] u/L cfkm\gf] cfr/0f
tyf g}ltstf :jR5 / kljq /fVg' kg]{5 .
-7_ lgod -h_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg cg';Gwfg,
k/fdz{, k|fl1s tyf Joj;flos k|s[ltsf] ;]jf jf sfd ug{
o; lgodn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] ;+aGwL cGo
Joj:yf sfo{k|0ffnLn] tf]s]cg';f/ x'g]5 .
-8_ lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfnosf] s'g} ;DklQsf] xflg
gf]S;fgL ug'{ u/fpg' x'Fb}g .
-9_ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ z}lIfs, k|fl1s tyf cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL
;Nnfx lbg', ljZjBfnodf cfO{k/]sf ;d:of ;dfwfgdf
ljZjljBfnofnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{, dof{lbt / k|ltli7t /fVg' tyf
/fVg ;xof]u ug'{ / ljZjljBfnosf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu
k|fl1s pg\gogdf tlNng /xg' kg]{5 .
-0f_ lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx?n] ljZjljBfno;Fu ;DalGwt P]g,
lgod, lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlw jf sfo{Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL / tf]lsP
jdf]lhsf lgb]{zgx?sf] kfngf ug'{ kb{5 .
-t_ lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] cg'lrt sfo{ / e|i6frf/ jf e|i6frf/hGo
sfo{ ug'{ u/fpg' / ;+nUg x'g' x'Fb}g .
-y_ cfkm"d'lgsf kbflwsf/L, lzIfs / sd{rf/L k|lt plrt Jojxf/
ug'{kg]{5 .
-b_ kbflwsf/L, lzIfs / sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"eGbf dflysf ;a}
kbflwsf/L, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx?k|lt plrt cfb/ b]vfpg'
kg]{5 .
-w_ s'g} kbflwsf/L, lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] ;]jf ;DaGwL
s'/fdf cfkm\gf] :jfy{k"lt{sf] nflu b'lift dg;fon] sfo{ ug{
gx'g] .
-g_ s'g} kbflwsf/L, lzIfs / sd{rf/Ln] Joj;flos k|s[ltsf]
sfdsfh ubf{ ljZjljBfno, k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g / dfGotf
k|fKt /fli6«o jf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfaf6 tf]lsPsf] jf k|ltkflbt
Joj;flos g}ltstf / cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngf ug'{ u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-k_ kbflwsf/L, lzIfs jf sd{rf/L dfly k|efj kfg{ jf k|efj kfg]{
k|oTg ug{' u/fpg' x'b}g .
39
-km_ lzIfsx?n] tf]lsPsf] sIff lng], ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ / cGo
k|fl1s sfo{ ug'{ kg]{5 / sd{rf/Lx?n] tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ljj/0f
cg';f/sf] sfo{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-a_ ck/fw jf ck/fwhGo sfo{sf] k|>o x'g] u/L tfnfaGbL ug'{,
zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s si6 x'g] u/L bjfa lbg' jf ;f] ug]{
p2]Zon] c?nfO{ pS;fpg' jf pS;fpg nufpg ;d]t x'Fb}g

40
 kl/R5]b – !!
ljefuLo sf/jfxL, ;hfo / k'g/fj]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
^&= ;hfoM plrt / kof{Kt cfwf/ jf sf/0f ePdf ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs
tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tf]lsPsf] clVtof/jfnfn] b]xfojdf]lhdsf]
;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-s_ ;fdfGo ;hfo
!= gl;xt lbg],
@= a9Ldf @ -b'O{_ u|]8 j[l4 /f]Ssf ug]{,
#= a9Ldf @ -b'O{_ jif{;Ddsf nflu a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ .
-v_ ljz]if ;hfo
!= eljiodf ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] nflu cfof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L
ljZjljBfno ;]jf af6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{,
@= eljiodf ljZjljBfnosf] ;]jfsf] nflu cfof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L
;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ .
^*= gl;xt, u||]8 j[l4 jf a9'jf /f]SsfM ;hfo lbg kfpg] clVtof/jfnfn]
b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgod ^& -s_
adf]lhd gl;xt lbg jf lghsf] u|]8 j[l4 jf a9'jf /f]Ssf ug{
;Sg]5 .
-s_ sfd ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf,
-v_ ;?jf ePsf] ljZjljBfnosf] ;+u7g jf lgsfodf Dofb leq
xflh/ gePdf,
-u_ cfkm" sfo{/t /x]sf] ljZjljBfnosf] ;+u7g jf lgsfodf
k"j{:jLs[lt glnO{ a/fa/ cg'kl:yt /x]df,
-3_ cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]df,
-ª_ cfr/0f ;DaGwL lgod pNn+3g u/]df,
-r_ o; lgod adf]lhd a'ema'emf/y gu/]df,
-5_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] sfo{ gu/]df .
^(= ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:tM -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf ;hfo ug{
kfpg] clVtof/jfnfn] lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ljZJfljBfno ;]jfsf]
nflu eljiodf cfof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 x6fpg
jf avf{:t ug{ ;Sg]5 .

41
 -s_ cfkm\gf] st{Jo kfngdf nfk/jfxL u/]df,
-v_ sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cefj ePdf,
-u_ dfgl;s ;Gt'ng u'dfO{ lhDd]jf/L cg';f/ st{Jo k'/f ug{
g;Sg] ePdf,
-3_ o; lgod ^* adf]lhd ;hfo kfO;s]kl5 klg k6sk6s
;f]xL sfo{ bf]xf]¥ofPdf,
-ª_ ljZjljBfno afx]s cGo lgsfodf k"j{:jLs[lt ljgf sfd
u/]df,
b|i6JoM of] lgod nfu' x'g' eGbf cl3 ljZjljBfnosf] k"j{:jLs[lt a]u/
cGoq k'/f ;do jf cf+lzs ?kdf sfo{/t lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx?n]]
of] lgod nfu' ePsf] () -gAa]_ lbgleq ljZJljBfnosf] :jLs[lt
lng' kg]{5 cGoyf o;} lgod cg';f/ sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-r_ cfr/0fsf lgodx? Af/Daf/ pNn+3g u/] jf kfngf gu/]df,
-5_ nuftf/ ()-gAa]_ lbg;Dd ljgf ;"rgf cfkm' sfo{/t lgsfo
jf sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt /x]df,
-h_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k]z ul/sf] z}lIfs
k|df0f–kq tyf pkflwx? gSsnL 7x/LPdf .
-@_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;hfo ug{ kfpg] clVtof/jnfn] lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/LnfO{ ljZJljBfno ;]jfsf] nflu eljiodf cof]Uo 7xl/g]
u/L ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 x6fpg jf avf{:t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-s_ e|i6frf/ ;DaGwL s;"/df clGtd cbfntjf6 ;hfo kfPdf,
-v_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf clGtd cbfntjf6
;hfo kfPdf,
&)= ljefluo sf/jflx / ;hfo ;DaGwL ljif]z Joj:yfM -!_ o;
lgodfjnLdf cGoq h];'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg clVtof/
b'¿kof]u c'g;Gwfg cfof]usf] P]g, lgod jdf]lhd ;f] cfof]uaf6 /
k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 ljZjljBfnosf s'g}
lzIfs, sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug{ n]lv cfPdf cfjZos
k|s[of k''¥ofO{ ;f] jdf]lhd ljefuLo s/jfxL / ;hfo ul/g]5 .
-@_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h];'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg
lgodfg';f/ ljbf glnO{ cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt x'g]
lzIfs / sd{rf/LnfO{ uon / tnj s§L ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L
uon ePsf] cjlw ;]jfdf u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
42
 -#_ o; lgoddf cGoq h];'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljbf
:jLs[t gu/fO{ nuftf/ () -gAa]_ lbg eGbf a9L cjlw
cg'kl:yt x'g] lzIfs, sd{rf/LnfO{ uon s§L u/L xflh/
u/fO{g] 5}g  .
-$_ pklgod -#_ jdf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf ljBdfg x'Fbfx'Fb} ;f] lgod
ljkl/t xflh/ u/fPdf To;/L xflh/ u/fpg] clVtof/jfnfnfO{
lgod ^* jdf]lhd ljefuLo sf/jfxL x'g]5 .
-%_ xflh/ u/fPsf] lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln] vfPsf] tnj, eQf ;d]t
To;/L xflh/ u/fpg] clVtof/jfnfsf]] tnj eQfjf6 c;'n
pk/ ul/g]5 .
&!= tna s§fM ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] hfgfhfgL jf
nfk/afxL u/L jf k|rlnt sfg"g ljkl/t sfo{ ugf{n] ljZjljBfnonfO{
xfgLgf]S;fgL ePdf ;f] ;Dk"0f{ jf cf+lzs xflg gf]S;fgL lghsf]
;+rosf]if jfx]ssf] tnaaf6 s§f u/L c;'n ul/g]5 .
&@= lgnDagM -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yf ljBdfg ePdf ;hfo ug{ kfpg]
clVtof/jfnfn] ;DalGwt lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgnDjgdf /fvL
sf/jfxL ug]{5 .
-s_ lgnDag gubf{ ljZjljBfnonfO{ xflggf]S;fgL x'g] ;+efjgf
b]lvPdf jf sf/jfxLdf afwf kg{{] ePdf .
-v_ lgnDag gubf{ lghpk/ nfu]sf] cleof]udf em'§f ;a't
;+sng ug{ ;Sg] jf cfkm\gf] lj?4 ;j't k|df0f nf]k ug{
;Sg] ;Defjgf ePdf,
-@_ lgnDagdf /x]sf] lzIfs jf sd{rf/L bf]ifd'Qm x'g] u/L jf s'g}
;hfo kfpg] u/L clVtof/jfnfjf6 lg0f{o eP kZrft lghsf]
lgnDag ;dfKt x'g]5 .
&#= ;hfo ;DaGwL sfo{ljlwM -!_ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;kmfOsf]
;j't lbg] plrt df}sf glbO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug{ ;lsg]
cj:yfdf jfx]s lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ o; kl/R5]b jdf]lhd ;hfo
ubf{ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg'eGbf cuf8L ;hfo ug{ kfpg] clVtof/jfnfn]
clgjfo{ ?kn] ;kmfO{sf] ;j't k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg'kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;kmfO{sf] ;a't k]z ug]]{ ;"rgf lb+bf
lzIfs jf sd{rf/L dfly nufO{Psf] cf/]fk :ki6 ?kn] ls6fg

43
 ul/Psf] x'g'kg]{5 .
-#_ lzIfs, sd{rf/L dfly nufO{Psf] k|To]s cf/f]k o; kl/R5]bsf]
s'g lgod cGtu{t s] ljifo / sf/0fdf cfwfl/t 5 ;f] ;d]t
:ki6 v'nfpg' kb{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ jdf]lhdsf] ;"rgf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] k|fKt
u/]kl5 ;f] ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq ;f] cf/f]ksf] ;DaGwdf
lghn] ;kmfO{ k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ cf/f]k nfu]sf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;kmfO k|fKt ePkl5 ;f]
;DaGwdf clVtofafnfn] cfjZos 7fg]df :jo+ jf cGo s'g}
AolQm jf ;ldltåf/f hfFra'em u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhdsf cGo JolQm jf ;ldltn] hfFra'em
u/]sf]df k|ltj]bgdf sf/0f ;lxtsf] cfkm\gf] 7x/ tyf oyfy{
ljj/0f ;a't k|df0f clVtof/jfnf ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd cGo JolQm jf ;ldltaf6 hfFra'em
u/fPsf] eP hfFra'em ug]{sf] k|ltj]bgdf cfkm\gf] 7f]; /fo
;lxt / clVtof/jfnf cfkm}n] hFfra'em u/]sfdf cfkm\gf]
/fo;'emfj ;lxt ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ pklgod -&_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;hfo ug]{
clVtof/jfnfn] k|:tfljt ;hfo lsg gug]{ egL plrt Dofb
lbO{ k|:tfljt ;hfo kfpg] lzIfs jf sd{rf/L ;+u :kli6s/0f
dfu ug'{kg]{5 .
&$= ;]jf cfof]u;“u k/fdz{M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd s'g} lzIfs jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ ljz]if ;hfo ug'{kg]{ eO{ lgod &# adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw
k'/f u/L clGtd k6s :ki6Ls/0f lnO;s]kl5 eljiodf ljZjljBfno
;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] ul/ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg]] ul/ ;hfo ug'{eGbf
cuf8L sf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf p7]sf ;Dk"0f{ sfuhft ;]jf cfof]udf
k7fO{ ;f] af/] ;]jf cfof]uaf6 k/fdz{ lng' kg]{]5 .
&%= ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/LM P]g jf o; lgoddf :ki6 n]lvPsf]df afx]s
;fdfGotof o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf] ;fdfGo ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/
;DjlGwt ;+u7g jf lgsfo k|d'vnfO{ / ljz]if ;hfoF ug]{ clwsf/
sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\nfO{ x'g]5 .
&^= k'g/fj]bgM s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ o; kl/R5]b cGtu{t lghn]
kfPsf] ;hfoFdf lrQ ga'em]df cfkm\gf] k"0f{ ljj/0f / ;hfosf]
44
 cfb]zsf] ;"rgfsf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t ;fy} /fvL ;hfoFsf] ;"rgf kfPsf]
ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq ;f] ;hfoFsf] cfb]z
pk/ ljZjljBfno k'g/fj]bg cfof]udf k'g/fj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 .
&&= ;]jfdf k'gM sfod / tna eQfM lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ o; kl/R5]b
jdf]lhd ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ cfb]z ab/
eO{ lgh k'gM ;]jfdf sfod ePdf ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 x6fOPsf]
jf avf{:t ul/Psf] ldltb]lv k'gM sfod ePsf] ldlt;Ddsf] k'/f
tna eQf u|]8 j[l4 eP To:tf] j[l4 ;d]t lghn] kfpg]5 .
&*= gf]s/L yfDg s/ gnfUg]M ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t
ug]{ u/L ePsf] lg0f{odf lrQ gj'lem ;DalGwt lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln]
ljZjljBfno k'g/fj]bg cfof]u ;dIf k'g/fj]bg lbPsf]df ;f] k'g/fj]bg
pk/ ;'g'jfO{ eO{ k'gM axfnL x'g] lg0f{o ePdf ;f] lg0f{osf] ;"rgf
kfPsf] ldltn] ;DalGwt lzIfs jf sd{rf/L #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq
;DalGwt lgsfodf xflh/ x'g gcfP lghnfO{ ;]jfdf axfn ug{
ljZjljBfno afWo x'g] 5}g .

45
 kl/R5]b – !@
ljZjljBfno ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
&(= ljZjljBfno ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M ljZjljBfno
;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo clwsf/ b]xfojdf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf lzIfs / sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm tyf
a9'jfsf nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{,
-v_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfzt{ ;DaGwL
sfg"gsf] ljifodf cfjZos k/fdz{ lbg],
-u_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ lbOg] ljefuLo
;hfosf] ljifodf lgod &$ adf]lhd cfjZos k/fdz{ k|bfg ug{,]
-3_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf lzIfs / sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm tyf
a9'jfsf nflu k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd lgwf{/0f ug]{ tyf k/LIff
;+rfng ug]{ u/fpg],
-ª_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm /
a9'jfsf] cfwf/ / sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg tyf sfo{ Ifdtfsf]
c+s ljefhg sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df lgwf{/0f ug]{
u/fpg] / ;f] ;+u ;DalGwt 9f+rf kmd{x? tf]Sg],
-r_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] j[lQ ljsf; jf
Ifdtf jf bIftf j[l4 u/fpg] ljifodf ljZjljBfnon] dfu]sf
;'emfjx?df cfjZos cWoog ul/ pko'Qm / k|efjsf/L x'g]
;'emfjx? k|bfg ug]{,
-5_ Pp6f ljifosf] b/aGbLdf sfo{/t lzIfsnfO{ csf]{ ljifosf]
b/aGbLsf] lzIfsdf kl/jt{g / Pp6f kbdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfg txsf] csf]{ kbdf kb kl/jt{g ;DaGwL
ljifodf dfu eP jdf]lhd ;DalGwt lgsfo jf sfof{nonfO{
cfjZos k/fdz{ k|bfg ug]{,
-h_ ;]jf cfof]usf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{ ljifodf lg/LIf0f jf hfFra'em
ug]{ u/fpg]],
-em_ ljZjljBfno;+u ;DalGwt sfg"gadf]lhd tf]lsPsf cGo
sfo{x? ug{] u/fpg] .

46
 kl/R5]b – !#
ljZjljBfno ;]jf cfof]usf] a}7s / lg0f{o
*)= ljZjljBfno ;]jf cof]usf] a}7s / lg0f{oM -!_ ljZjljBfno P]g /
ljZjljBfnosf] k|rlnt lgodx? jdf]]lhd ;]jf cof]un] ug'{kg{]
sfdx? ;]jf cof]usf] a}7saf6 lg0f{o ePadf]lhd sfof{Gjog
ul/g]5 .
-@_ ;]jf cfof]usf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf cWoIfn] ug]{5g .
-#_ ;]jf cfof]udf cWoIf / ! -Ps_ hgf ;b:osf] pkl:ylt geO{
a}7s a:g ;Sg] 5}g .
-$_ ax'dtsf] lg0f{o dfGo x'g]5 / dt a/fa/ ePdf cWoIftf ug]{
JolQmn] lg0ff{os dt lbg]]5 .
-%_ ;]jf cfof]usf] lg0f{o cfof]un] tf]s]sf] ;b:o jf clws[tn]
k|dfl0ft ug]{5 .
-^_ ;]jf cfof]usf] lg0f{o lnlkj4 ul/ clen]v /flvg] 5 . o;
k|of]hgsf] nflu ;]jf cfof]un] lg0f{o k'l:tsfsf] k|of]u ug{
;Sg]5 .
-&_ ;]jf cfof]usf] a}7s ;~rfng / sfo{ljlwx? ;]jf cfof]un]
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

47
 kl/R5]b – !$
ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] k/LIff ;~rfng / kf7\oqmd lgwf{/0f
*!= ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] k/LIff ;~rfngM -!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf]
kbk"lt{sf nflu cfof]uaf6 lnOg] k/LIff b]xfosf] s'g} ! -Ps_ jf ;f]
eGbf a9L tl/sf / k|lqmofåf/f ug{ ;lsg]]5 .
-s_ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfTds lnlvt k/LIff,
-v_ vN'nf k|ltof]lutfTds k|of]ufTds k/LIff,
17+
-v!_ ljz]if cfGtl/s v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf
18∗
-v@_ P]gsf] bkmf # -@_ / o;} lgodfjnLsf] lgod !^, -$_
adf]lhd ;dfof]hg eO{ o; ljZjljBfnodf cfPsf /
;dfof]hg x'g] c:yfoL, s/f/ / dfl;s Hofnfbf/Lsf] ?kdf
sfo{/t ;j} lzIfs, sd{rf/L / ldlt @)^(÷)^÷)$ eGbf
cuf8L o; ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{/t /x]sf ;j} lzIfs,
sd{rf/L aLrdf ! -Ps_ k6ssf] nflu dfq ljz]if cfGtl/s
k|ltof]lutf ul/ :yfoL kbk"lt{ ul/g]5 .
19π
-v@c_o; ljZjljBfnodf sDtLdf @ -b'O{_ jif{ ;Dd k"0f{sflng
s/f/÷c:yfoL ;]jf u/]sf pk k|fWofks, ;xfos k|fWofks,
;xfos k|zf;s jf] ;f] ;/x / ;f] eGbf d'lgsf kbx?df Ps
k6ssf nflu dfq plgx?sf] ljr dfq ljz]if cfGtl/s v'Nnf
k|ltof]lutf u/fO{ :yfoL kbk"tL{ ul/g] 5 / of] Aoj:yf @)&$
;fn cflZjg d;fGt;Dd dfq sfod /xg] 5 .
+
-v#_ dfly v08 -v!_, v08 -v@_, -v@c_, df pNn]v ul/P
adf]lhdsf] ljz]if cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfsf] xsdf pd]/sf] xb
nfUg] 5}g\ .
∗
-v$_ ljz]if cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfsf] k|lqmof ;]jf cfof]un]
tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-u_ 5gf]6 / d"Nof+sg,
-3_ cGt{jftf{, /
-ª_ cfjZostf cg';f/ cof]un] tf]s]sf cGo t/Lsf /
k|lqmofx?jf6 .
+
17 kfFrf} ;+zf]wg @)&$ åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
∗
18 klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&) åf/f yk .
π
19 kfFrf} ;+zf]wg @)&$ åf/f yk .
48
 -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k/LIff ;DaGwL d"Nof+sg ljlw,
efiffut dfWod / cGo Joj:yf / k|lqmof ;]jf cof]un]
tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ ;]jf cfo]fun] lzIfssf] xsdf k|fl1s kl/ifb\af6 / sd{rf/Lsf]
xsdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6 lgwf{/0f ePsf] cfwf/df k/LIffsf
nflu k|flZgs, k/LIfs, ;Dk/LIfs, ljz]if1 jf cGo pko'Qm
JolQmsf] dgf]gog ug{, ;ldlt u7g ug{ jf cGo cfjZos
Joj:yf ug]{÷u/fpg]5 .
-$_ ;]jf cfof]un] ;~rfng ug]{ k/LIff x'g] ldlt, ;do / :yfg
;d]tsf] k/LIff tflnsf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg ul/g]5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] k/LIff ;]jf cof]un] s'g} pko'Qm / kof{Kt
sf/0fsf] cefjdf :ylut ug{, /2 ug{ jf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
-^_ ;]jf cfo]fusf] s'g} klg k/LIff ;~rfng x'Fbfsf] avt k/LIff
s]Gb|df s'g} k||sf/sf] u8a8L jf clgoldttf jf s'g} afwf
cj/f]w v8f eO{ k/LIff ;rfng x'g g;s]df ;f] lbgsf] k/LIff
jf ;f];+u ;+alGwt lj1fkgsf] ;Dk"0f{ k/LIff cf+lzs jf k"0f{
?kn] ;]jf cfof]un] sf/0f hgfO{ /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ k/LIff ;~rfng ;DaGwL cGo cfjZos Joj:yf ;]jf cfo]fun]
tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
*@= z}lIfs of]Uotf / kf7\oqmdM -!_ o; lgodfjnLsf] lgdo *! jdf]lhdsf]
k/LIff ;DaGwL kf7\oqmd tf]Sg] clwsf/ ;]jf cfof]]unfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ ;]jf cfo]fun] pklgod -!_ jdf]lhd lzIfssf] kf7\oqmd tf]Sbf
k|fl1s kl/ifb\;+u / sd{rf/L kbsf nflu kf7\oqmd lgwf{/0f
ubf{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\;+u /fo ;Nnfx lng' kg]{5 .
-#_ ;]jf cfof]un] cfjZostf cg';f/ kf7\oqmd lgwf{/0f, ;+zf]wg /
;d;fdlos ;'wf/sf nflu cfjZos bIf ljz]if1sf] dgf]gog
jf ;ldltsf] u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ ;]jf cof]un] cfjZostf / cf}lrTosf cfwf/df ;do ;dodf
k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd k'g/fjnf]sg u/L u/fO{ k/LIff ;~rfng
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ s'g} pDd]bjf/n] s'g} ljZjljBfno jf lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt
u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf ;]jfsf] kbsf nflu ;]jf cof]uaf6
tf]lsPsf] jf dfGotf lbOPsf] of]Uotf ;/x 5 5}g eGg] lg0f{o
ug]{ clwsf/ ;]jf cfof]unfO{ x'g]5 .
49
 kl/R5]b – !%
ljZjljBfno ;]jf cfof]u;Fu k/fdz{ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw
*#= ljZjljBfno cfof]u;“u k/fdz{ ln“bf ckgfpg'kg]{ sfo{ljlwM -!_
ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf zt ;DaGwL lgodsf]
ljifodf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lnFbf /lhi6«f/dfkm{t lng'kg]{5 .
-@_ /lhi6«f/n] ljZjljBfnosf] lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf
zt{;DaGwL s'g} gofF lgod agfpg' k/]df jf eO/x]sf] lgoddf
s'g} ;+zf]wg ug'{k/]df tT;DaGwdf k"0f{ ljj/0f ;d]t v'nfO{
;]jf cfof]udf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] kbdf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf, zt{
;DaGwL lgodadf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cjlweGbf a9L cjlwsf
nflu lgo'lQm ug{ ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lnFbf ;DalGwt
kbflwsf/Ln] sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;]jf cfo]usf]
k/fdz{ lng'kg]{5 .
-$_ lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jf, zt{ ;DaGwL lgodadf]lhd
lbOg] ljZjljBfnosf] ;]jfsf nflu cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L
;]jfaf6 x6fpg] ljefuLo ;hfo+sf] ljifodf ;hfo+ lbg]
clVtof/jfnfn] ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lnFbf lgod adf]lhd
ug'{kg]{ ljefuLo sf/afxLsf] k|lqmof k'/f u/L ;f] sf] cfwf/df
7x/ x'gkg]{ ljefuLo ;hfo ;d]t v'nfO{ ;DalGwt kmfOn
;fy ;]jf cfof]udf k7fpg'kg]{5 .
*$= ljZjljBfno ;]jf cfof]un] k/fdz{ lb“bf ckgfpg] sfo{ljlwM -!_ lgod
*# sf] pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd cfof]usf] k/fdz{ dfu eO{ cfPdf
;]jfnfO{ clws lgk'0f, k|efjsf/L / ;'b[9 agfpg ;]jfsf] zt{;DaGwL
lgoddf cfjZos ljrf/ / ljZn]if0f u/L cfof]un] k/fdz{ lbg]5 .
-@_ lgod *# sf] -#_ adf]lhd k/fdz{ dfu eO{ cfPdf ;]jf jf
kbsf] sfo{ k|s[lt ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L k/fdz{ lbg]5 .
-#_ lgod *# sf] pklgood -$_ adf]lhd ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{
dfu eO{ cfPdf ;]jf cfof]un] cfjZos 7fg]df ;hfo+ lbg]
clwsf/L;+u c? yk ;j't k|df0f ;d]t a'emL k/fdz{ lbg]5 .
-$_ lgod *# df tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s k|rlnt lgodadf]lhd
;]jf cfof]un] k/fdz{ lbg'kg]{ ljifodf ;]jf cfof]un] cfjZos
k|lqmof ckgfO{ k/fdz{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
50
 kl/R5]b – !^
lg/LIf0f
*%= lg/LIf0fM -!_ ljZjljljBfno ;]jfdf lgo'lQm, a9'jf, ljefuLo
sf/afxL ;DaGwL ;]jf cfof]uåf/f k|Tofof]lht sfdx? k|rlnt
lgodadf]lhd ;Dkfbg ePsf] 5 5}g eGg] ljifodf ;]jf cfof]un]
lg/LIf0f, ;'kl/j]If0f / hfFra'em ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;]jf cfof]un] k|Tofof]hg u/]sf] clwsf/ adf]lhd lgo'lQm jf
a9'jf u/]sf] gkfO{Pdf lgo'lQm jf a9'jf x'g] kbdf lgwf{l/t
k|lqmof / zt{ k'/f gu/L s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/L jf JolQmnfO{
lgo'lQm jf a9'jf u/]sf] kfO{Pdf ;]jf cfof]un] ;f] lgo'lQm jf
a9'jf clgoldt 7x¥ofpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ lg/LIf0f ubf{ ;]jf cfo]usf] sfo{ljlw k|lts"n sfd, sf/jfxL eP
u/]sf] b]lvPdf jf lg/LIf0fdf ;]jf cfof]unfO{ s'g} kbflwsf/L,
lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] ;xof]u gu/]df To:tf] clgoldt ug]{ jf
;xof]u gug]{ kbflwsf/L, lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfjZos
sf/afxL ug{ ;]jf cfof]un] sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\df l;kmfl/z ug{
;Sb5 .
*^= k'g/fjnf]sgM -!_ ;]jf cfof]un] gofF lgo'lQm jf a9'jfsf nflu
l;kmfl/z k7fPsf]df ;f] adf]lhd lgo'lQm jf a9'jfsf] kq lbg' cufj}
s'g} pDd]bjf/sf] l;kmfl/z pDd]bjf/n] k|:t't u/]sf unt ljj/0fsf]
sf/0faf6 lkmtf{ lng'k/]df ;]jf cfof]un] sf/0f pNn]v ul/ l;kmfl/z
/2 u/L of]Uotf qmdsf] csf]{ ;"rgf k|sflzt ug]{5 .
-@_ s'g} ljz]if sf/0f jf kl/l:ylt k/L ;]jf cfof]un] k|bfg u/]sf
k/fdz{ l;kmfl/z jdf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ afwf kg{ cfPdf ;f]
sf/0f vf]nL sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] k'gM ljrf/fy{ ;]jf cfof]udf
n]vL k7fPdf ;]jf cfof]un] ;f]df ljrf/ ubf{ k"j{k/fdz{ jf
l;kmfl/znfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{ kof{Kt cfwf/ b]v]df÷kfPdf ;]jf
cfof]un] k"j{k/fdz{ jf l;kmflzdf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

51
 kl/R5]b – !&
clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg
*&= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgM -!_ ;]jf cfof]un] cfkm\gf] clwsf/x? dWo] s]xL
jf ;a} clwsf/ ljZjljBfnosf] s'g} ;ldlt jf cfkm}n] ;ldlt u7g
ul/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg b]xfosf
ljifodf ;]jf cfof]un] cfkm\gf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
-s_ ljZjljBfnosf] k|fWofks jf ;x–k|Wofks jf ;f] ;/xsf] lzIfs
kbdf lgo'lQm tyf a9'jfsf nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{ ljifodf,
-v_ ljZjljBfnosf] k|zf;s jf ;x–k|zf;s jf ;f] ;/xsf]
k|zf;lgs tyf cGo kbdf lgo'lQm tyf a9'jfsf nflu
l;kmfl/z ug]{ ljifodf,
-u_ ljZjljBfnosf] lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] zt{;DaGwL
lgod ;+zf]wg ug]{ ljifosf] k/fdz{ lbg] ljifodf,
-3_ ljZjljBfnosf] lzIfs tyf clws[t :t/sf sd{rf/LnfO{ lbOg]
ljefuLo sf/jfxL cGtu{t lbOg] ljz]if ;hfoFsf] ;DaGwdf
k/fdz{ lbg] ljifodf,
-ª_ s'g} klg lzIfs jf sd{rf/L cfkm\gf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd
lghx?nfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L ;]jf zt{x? yk36 ug]{ ljifodf,
-r_ s/f/ ;]jfdf k|fWofks, ;x–k|fWofks jf k|zf;s / ;x–
k|zf;s jf ;f] ;/xsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug]{, ;f]eGbf d'lgsf] s'g}
klg kbdf Ps} k6s jf k6s–k6s u/L # -tLg_ jif{eGbf a9L
cjlwsf nflu lgo'lQmsf ;DaGwdf ;xdlt lbg] ljifodf,
-5_ lzIfs kbaf6 k|zf;lgs kbdf / k|zf;lgs jf cGo kbaf6
lzIfs kbdf ;]jf k/Ljt{g ug]{ u/fpg] ljifodf .
-@_ ;]jf cfof]un] clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ubf{ ;f] clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg
;DaGwL l;4fGt k|lqmof jf sfo{ljlw tf]Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhd ph'/L k/]df ;]jf cfof]un] ;f]
;DaGwdf hf+ra'em ul/ ^) -;f¶L_ lbg leq ljZjljBfnosf
lgsfox?nfO{ cfjZos cfb]z lbg]5 .
**= ph'/LM -!_ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;]jf cfof]uåf/f k|Tofof]hg u/]sf]
52
 clwsf/ k|of]u u/L u/]sf sfd sf/afxLdf lrQ ga'em\g] lzIfs, sd{rf/L
jf JolQmn] ;f] sfd sf/afxL eP u/]sf] ldltn] #% -k+t} L;_ lbgleq ;]jf
cfo]fu jf ;]jf cfo]un] tf]ss
] f] clwsf/L ;dIf ph'/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg To:tf] sfd
sf/afxLpk/ k'g/fj]bg nfUg] 5'§} Joj:yf ePdf ;f]xL adf]lhd
k'g/fj]bg nfUg]5 .
*(= ;]jf cfof]usf] sfof{noM -!_ ;]jf cfof]usf sfdx? ;'rf? ?kn]
;+rfng ug{ u/fpg' ;]jf cfof]usf] ! -Ps_ 5'§} sfof{no /xg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfof{no ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf
lghn] tf]s]sf] ;b:o clws[t sd{rf/Lsf] k|ToIf /]vb]v jf
lgoGq0fdf /xg]5 .
-#_ ;]jf cfof]usf] sfof{nodf /xg] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] b/jGbL
;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/zdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] lgwf{/0f
u/]jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ ;]jf cfof]usf] sfof{nodf sfo{/t lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf]
ljbf, sfh, ;?jf / cGo Joj:yf ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfsf]
l;kmfl/z jf ;xdlt lagf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
jf s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
()= cfrf/;+lxtfM -!_ ;]jf cfof]usf] sfof{nodf sfo{/t /x]sf lzIfs,
sd{rf/Lsf nflu kl/R5]b– !) adf]lhd cfrf/;+lxtf nfu' x'g]5 .
-@_ o:tf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf nflu ljz]if cfrf/;+lxtf ;d]t
;]jf cfof]un] tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ o;/L tf]lsPsf ljz]if cfrf/;+lxtf ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs
tyf sd{rf/L ;]jf, zt{ ;DaGwL lgoddf ;dfj]z eP;/x
x'g]5 .
(!= sfo{ljlw lgwf{/0fM ;]jf cfof]un] cfkm\gf] sfof{nosf] sfd sf/jflx
;DaGwL cfGtl/s sfo{ljlw / sfo{k|0ffnL lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
(@= uf]KotfM -!_ ;]jf cfof]un] lng] k/LIffx?;+u ;DalGwt ;a} k|sf/sf
clen]vx? uf]Ko /xg]5g\ .
-@_ ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:o Pj+ ;]jf cfof]usf sfd;+u
;DalGwt /x]sf k|flZgs, k/LIfs, ljz]if1, bIf lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Ln] axfn /x]sf jf cjsfz kl5sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t
;]jf cfof]u ;DaGwL sfdsf] uf]Kotf sfod /fVg'kg]{5 .
53
(#= ljz]if Joj:yfM -!_ of] lgod nfu' x'g'eGbf klxn] ePsf sfd
sf/jfxLx?dWo] 6'+uf] nlug;s]sf, sfd, sf/afxLx? tTsfnLg
lgodadf]lhd g} jf cfof]un] lg0f{o u/L 6'+uf] nufpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; ljZjljBfno P]g jdf]lhd lqe'jg ljZjljBfnojf6
;dfj]z x'g cfPsf cf+l·s tyf ;DaGwg k|fKt SofDk;x?;Fu
;DalGwt lgsfox?df sfo{/t lZfIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] ;dfof]hg
k|lqmof o; ljZjljBfno P]gsf] clwgdf /lx sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\n] tf]s]jdf]lhd x'g]5 .

54
 kl/R5]b – !*
k'g/fj]bg cfof]u
($= cfof]usf] u7gM -!_ ljZjljBfnosf] ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgf cGtu{t #
-tLg_ ;b:oLo ! -Ps_ ljZjljBfno k'g/fj]bg cfof]u u7g x'g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhdsf] k'g/fj]bgsf] cfof]udf ! -Ps_ hgf
cWoIf / @ -b'O{_ hgf ;b:o /xg]5g .
-#_ k'g/fj]bg cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:ox?sf] of]Uotf / lgo'lQm
;DaGwL Joj:yf b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 .
-s_ sfg"gdf :gfts jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] tx ptL0f{ u/L sfg"gL
jf GofoLs If]qdf sDtLdf !) -bz_ jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt
u/]sf JolQmx? dWo]af6 ! -Ps_ hgfnfO{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf]
l;kmfl/;df ljZjljBfno ;efn] k'g/fj]bg cfof]usf] cWoIf
kbdf lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
-v_ hgk|zf;g tyf Joj:yfkg jf ;DjlGwt If]qdf ljz]if1tf ePsf
JolQm jf ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 lgj[Q ePsf slDtdf ;x–
k|fWofks jf ;x–k|zf;s dWo]af6 sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/zdf
ljZjljBfno ;efn] @ -b'O_{ hgf ;b:osf] lgo'Qm ug]5 {  .
-u_ pklgod -v_ df h];'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljZjljBfno
;efsf] j}7s ga;]sf] cj:yfdf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePdf ;f]
l/Qm ;b:osf] kbdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6 o; lgodadf]lhd
of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQmnfO{ ;b:o lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;f]
lgo'lQm nuQ} a:g] ;efaf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-3_ cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:ox? cf+lzs ;do sfd ug]{
kbflwsf/L x'g]5g\ .
-ª_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M
-!_ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\ ;dIf lghn] k]z u/]sf] /flhgfdf :jLs[t
ePdf,
-@_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf,
-#_ dfgl;s c;Gt'ng ePsf] egL clwsf/Ls ?kdf k|dfl0ft
ePdf,
-$_ lghsf] kbfjlw k'/f ePdf,
-%_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf clGtd cbfntn]
55
 s;'/bf/ 7x¥ofO{ s}bsf] ;hfoF lbPdf,
-^_ dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0fljgf nuftf/ # -tLg_ k6s eGbf
a9L cfof]usf] a}7sdf cg'kl:ylt ePdf .
-&_ cGo b]zsf] :yfoL j;f]jf;sf] k|df0fkq lnPdf .
(%= cfof]usf] clwsf/ / clwsf/sf] k|of]uM -!_ cfof]un] cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt
clwsf/sf] k|of]u cWoIf / ;b:on] ;fd"lxs ?kn] ug]{5g\  . ax'dtsf]
lg0f{o cfof]usf] lg0f{o dlgg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h];'s} n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cWoIf / !
-Ps_ hgf ;b:osf] pkl:yltdf k'g/fj]bg lsgf/f nufpg
;lsg]5 .
-#_ cWoIf afx]s @ -b'O{_ hgf ;b:ox?sf] pkl:yltdf clGtd
lg0f{o lbg] afx]s c? sf/jfxL cl3 a9fpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd cWoIf / ! -Ps_ hgf ;b:osf]
pkl:yltdf k]z ePsf] lgj]bg jf k'g/fj]bgdf cWoIf /
;b:osf aLr /fo aflemg u} lg0f{o x'g g;s]df ;f] lbg
cg'kl:yt ePsf ;b:osf ;dIf csf{] lbgsf] ;'g'jfO{sf] ldlt
tf]ls k]z ul/g]5 .
-%_ lgj]bg jf k'g/fj]bgsf ;DaGwdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhd
ax'dtaf6 lg0f{o x'g g;s]df cWoIfsf] /fonfO{ g} cfo]usf]
lg0f{o dflgg]5 .
-^_ cfof]usf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
(^= cfof]usf] clwsf/ If]qM -!_ ;]jf cfof]un] cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfåf/f
u/]sf lgo'lQm jf a9'jfsf nflu u/]sf] l;kmfl/z ljZjljBfno lzIfs,
sd{rf/L ;]jf lgodfjnL @)^( jf ljZjljBfno ;+u7g / z}lIfs
k|zf;g lgodfjnL @)^( n] tf]lsPjdf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/
k'g/fj]bg cfof]unfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ cfof]un] ;fdfGotof #) -tL;_ lbgleq k'g/fj]bgsf] 6'+uf]
nufpg'k5{ .
(&= cfof]usf] sfo{ljlwM k'g/fj]bgsf ;DaGwdf k|df0f a'em\g], ldl;n
lemsfpg], tf/]v tf]Sg] h:tf sfo{;+u ;DalGwt sfo{ljlw cfof]un]
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
(*= k|lt/IffM cfof]udf k/]sf] lgj]bg jf k'g/fj]bgsf ;DaGwdf kIfn]
rfx]df sfg"g Joj;foLåf/f ax; k}/jL / k|lt/Iff u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
56
((= cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:ox?sf] kbfjlw tyf cGo ;]jf, zt{ ;DaGwL
;'ljwfx?M -!_ cof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:ox?sf] kbfjlw # -tLg_
jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-@_ cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:ox?f] kfl/>lds, eQf tyf cGo
;'ljwfx? sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]af]lhd x'g]5 .
!))= cfof]unfO{ cfjZos sd{rf/L tyf cGo Joj:yfM o; lgodfjnL
adf]lhd cfof]unfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/L
/ cfjZos >f]t, ;fwg sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .
!)!= lg0f{osf] sfof{GjogM cfof]usf] lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjog ;]jf cfof]usf]
;DaGwdf ;]jf cfof]un] / cGosf] xsdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] ug]{
u/fpg]5 .
!)@= gSsnM s'g} kIfn] ldl;ndf ;+nUg s'g} sfuhftsf] gSsn lng
rfx]df cfof]un] tf]s]adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k'/f u/L gSsn lbg' kg]{5 .

57
 kl/R5]b – !(
ljljw
!)#= k"j{;"rgfM -!_ :yfoL lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6
/fhLgfdf lbg rfx]df lghn] ! -Ps_ dlxgfsf] k"j{ ;"rgf lbg'kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhd ;"rgf glbPsf] v08df ljZjljBfnon]
lgh;Fu ! -Ps_ dlxgfsf] tnj c;'n ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ dfly pklgod -@_ df h';'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\n] plrt 7fg]df pQm ! -Ps_ dlxgfsf] cjlwnfO{
36fpg ;Sg]5 .
!)$= ;'ljwf lbg]M -!_ ljZjljBfnosf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL s'g} kbsf]
b/aGbL vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o ePdf / ;f] lg0f{osf] kmn:j?k s'g} :yfoL
lzIfs jf sd{rf/L ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 x6\g] ePdf ;f] lzIfs jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ # -tLg_ dlxgfsf] k"j{;"rgf jf # -tLg_ dlxgfsf] tna
lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -@_ jdf]lhd vf/]h ePsf] kbdf ljZjljBfnon]
oyfzSo ljZjljBfnosf c? vfnL /x]sf pko'Qm kbdf
ldnfpg k|of; ug]{5 .
-#_ ljZjljBfno ;]jf cGtu{t cljl5Gg !) -bz_ jif{;Dd
c:yfoL jf s/f/ ;]jfdf sfd u/]sf t/ $% -k}tfnL;_ jif{
pd]/ ggf3]sf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/L s'g} sf/0fn] :yfoL lgo'lQm
x'g g;s]df of] lgod k|f/De ePkl5 lghnfO{ a9Ldf !)
-bz_ dlxgfsf] ;'? :s]nsf] tna Psd'i7 k|bfg u/L ;]jfaf6
cjsfz lbg ;lsg]5 .
!)%= gL/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkqM :yfoL x'g'eGbf klxn] k|To]s lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfnoaf6 dfGotf k|fKt s'g} lrlsT;saf6
lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq ;DalGwt lgsfodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ of] lgodsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ljZjljBfno jf g]kfn ;/sf/
:jf:Yo ;]jf cGtu{tsf dfGotf k|fKt lrlsT;sx?jf6 hf/L
ePsf] lg/f]uLtfsf] k|df0fkq nfO{ dfGotf lbO{g]5 .
!)^= sfd ug]{ ;doM -!_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lx?n] ljZjljBfnosf] lgsfodf
sfd jf ;]jf ug'{kg]{ ;do ;DalGwt lgsfosf] k|d'vn] tfs]jdf]lhd
x'g]5 .
58
 -@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg cfjZostf
k/]sf] cj:yfdf s'g} klg lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln] ;f] tf]lsPsf]
;doeGbf a9L sfd jf ;]jf ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd ljZjljBfnosf] lgsfox?df
sfd jf ;]jf ubf{ tf]lsPsf] ;doeGbf a9L sfd jf
;]jf ug'{k/]df sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] ;do ;dodf tf]s]adf]lhd
cltl/Qm kfl/>lds lbg]5 .
-$_ clVtof/jfnfsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ cfltl/Qm sfd jf ;]jf u/fPsf]
ePdf dfq cltl/Qm kfl/>lds lbOg]5 .
-%_ sf7df8f}+ pkTosf leqsf] nflu k|To]s cfly{s jif{df g]kfn
;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] :yfgLo labf x'g]5 .
-^_ pkTosf aflx/sf lgsfosf] xsdf :yfgLo ?kdf ljrf/
u/L a9Ldf $ -rf/_ lbgsf] :yfgLo ljbf lbg] clwsf/
ljZjljBfnosf ;DalGwt lgsfo k|d'vnfO{ x'g]5 .
-&_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljz]if cj;/df lbPsf] ;fj{hlgs ljbf o;
ljZjljBfnodf klg nfu' x'g]5 .
!)&= ;]jf ljj/0fM -!_ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf ljZjljBfnosf kbflwsf/L,
lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jf ;DaGwL ljj/0fsf] ;]jf btf{ lstfj
/flvg]5  .
-@_ ;]jf ljj/0f btf{ lstfjdf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/,
k|j]lzsf k/LIff -P;=Pn=;L=_ sf] k|df0fkq, gful/stfsf]
k|df0fkq / cGo z}lIfs k|df0fkqx? hGd btf{ / hGdldlt
k|df0fkq cg';f/ pQm ;]jf ljj/0f el/g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ jdf]lhd s'g} k|df0fkq gePdf pks'nkltaf6
tf]s]sf] ;ldlt jf kbflwsf/Ljf6 pd]/sf] lg0f{o dflgg]5 .
-$_ pd]/ ;DaGwL s'g} k|Zg p7]df ljZjljBfno ;]jf ljj/0f
btf{df r9fPsf] pd]/ clGtd / cflwsfl/s pd]/ dflgg] 5
/ ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 clgjfo{ cjsfzsf nflu ;f]xL ;]jf
btf{df r9fPsf] pd]/ cflwsfl/s ul/g]5 .
-%_ ljZjljBfno ;]jf k'l:tsfdf k|To]s lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf]
;]jf tyf cfr/0f ;DaGwL x/]s jif{ k|fKt x'g] ljj/0f jf
k|ltj]bgsf] ;f/f+z n]lv clen]lvs/0f ul/g] 5 .
-^_ lzIfsx?n] ljZjljBfnodf k]z u/]sf, jif{el/df k|sflzt
59
 u/]sf kf7\ok':ts jf cg';GwfgfTds s[ltx?sf] ;"rL ;d]t
pQm clen]vdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ 5 .
!)*= a'em\a'emf/yM -!_ kbflwsf/L, lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfno ;]jf
5f8\bf clVtof/jfnfn] tf]s]sf] lzIfs jf sd{rf/L jf JolQmnfO{ lghn]
ljZjljBfno ;]jf 5f]8]sf] #% -k}+lt;_ lbgleq o; ljZjljBfnosf]
cfly{s, k|zf;g lgodfjnL @)^( jdf]lhd a'ema'emf/y ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhd a'ema'emf/y gu/];Dd ;+rosf]ifdf /x]sf]
/sd afx]s ljZjljBfnoaf6 kfpg] /sd /f]Ssf u/Lg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhd a'ema'emf/y gu/]sf] v08df lgh;Fu
afFsL /x]sf] aSof}tf pklgod -@_ df n]lvP adf]lhd /f]Ssf
/x]sf] /sd ;d]taf6 clVtof/jfnfn] c;'npk/ ug]{5 .
-$_ ljZjljBfno cGtu{t ! -Ps_ lgsfoaf6 csf]{ lgsfo jf
sfof{nodf ;?jf x'g] lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln] o; lgoddf pNn]v
ePjdf]lhd a'ema'emf/y ug'{kg]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ jdf]lhd Dofbleq a'ema'emf/y gu/]df o:tf
lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] tna /f]Ssf ul/g]5 .
!)(= /flhgfdf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln] :j]R5fn] cfkm\gf]
kbjf6 /flhgfdf lbg rfx]df cfkm" sfo{/t sfof{nodf lnlvt ?kdf
/flhgfdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhd cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf k]z x'g cfPsf]
/flhgfdfdf ;DalGwt lzIfs, sd{rf/LnfO{ /flhgfdf :jLs[t
ug]{ clwsf/Lsf] cufl8 ;gfvt u/fpg kg]{5 .
-#_ g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln] /flhgfdf ;gfvt
u/fpg' kbf{ g]kfnL /fhb'tfjf; ;dIf / g]kfnL /fhb'tfjf;
gePsf] d'n'sdf /x]sf] ePdf ;DalGwt d'n'ssf] gf]6/L klAns
;dIf ;gfvt u/fO{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
!!)= sfo{Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLM o; lgodfjnLsf] p2]Zo k'/f ug{sf] nflu o;}
lgodfjnLsf] clwgdf /lx sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlw jf
sfo{Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL agfO{ nfu' ug{ ;Sg]5 .

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60