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LANGUAGE
EXERCISE 1: Complete these sentences with effect or with the correct form of affect.
Vocabulary - Easily confused words: affect vs effect

affect is usually a verb; it means to produce a change in sb or sth, to have an influence on

sb or sth

Here are some expressions that are similar in meaning to affect : to have an effect on / to have
an influence on / to have an impact on / to have implications for.

effect is usually a noun; it means a change caused by sth, the result of sth.

English as the Only Global Language

For Against

It will have a beneficial effect on Losing a language means losing a

communication between people from culture.
different countries.  When countries share the same
Misunderstandings will be eradicated. language, they will become more
Cultural differences will be explained more similar and less unique.

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easily.
Trade will increase between countries.
People will be brought closer together.
Conflict between countries can be more
easily avoided.
People will have no reason to travel
abroad if countries are similar.
The tourist trade might suffer, which
can affect some countries dependent
on that income.
Language includes history which
should never be forgotten. 
A single language will not necessarily
mean less conflict.

1 Business communication can be adversely ___________ by cultural misunderstandings.

2 Speaking the same language as your business partner will have a positive ___________ on the
negotiations.
3 Bilingualism exerts a profound ___________ on the brain.
4 The growth of English as a lingua franca has ___________ education and business.

EXERCISE 2: Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

Free Online Translation Renders Learning Foreign
Languages Obsolete
Agree  Disagree

Computers provide instant translation for Computers will not be

languages. programmed for regional

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Computers make fewer mistakes than humans in variations of language.

translation. If the internet crashes, people
Languages take years to learn but only minutes for will need language skills to
computers to translate. communicate. 
Computers offer impartial translations. The internet is not accessible in
Voice-to-voice translator apps already enable some places in the world.
communication between millions of people with no Learning a language allows for
knowledge of foreign languages. closer contact with local people. 
Learning a language helps
people understand a culture.

accurate         machine          simultaneous          voice-to-voice          approximate

1. ___________ translation is the same as speech-to-speech translation; the software takes the
spoken word in one language and then vocalises it in another language.
2. An ___________ translation is the same as a correct translation.
3. An ___________ translation is the same as a rough translation.
4. Automatic translation is the same as ___________ translation — it is simply translation carried
out by a computer.
5. In ___________ interpretation, the interpreter translates the speaker's words while the speaker

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is talking.

EXERCISE 3: Identify the two arguments which are in the wrong category.
Learning a Foreign Language at Primary School
For Against

A. At a young age, children absorb information F. Children should focus on their own
more easily. language first.

B. Older children are cognitively more mature G. Children may confuse languages if they
and are therefore able to learn more with less try to learn their own language and a foreign
input. one at the same time.

C. Children are already in the language H. Not all countries have the facilities and
acquisition stage, making learning a foreign teachers to offer a foreign language at
language easier. primary school

D. Children are naturally enthusiastic and can I. Many children lose interest in foreign
develop an interest in foreign languages languages as soon as they are tested like in
through fun and games. other school subjects.

E. Children enjoy language classes because J. Learning becomes more difficult as a child
they are usually very different from classes in ages.

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other subjects.

Argument 1. ___________
Argument 2. ___________

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