Scientific Literature

Tecar

CRV 200
 Physical principle
What is the Tecar method
It is a non-invasive treatment method, which is based on the use of a medium frequency
current energy system, which is applied to the human body through an electrode (in
contact with the skin), according to registered therapeutic processes.

How Tecar works

The physical principle of its functioning involves the application to the human body of a
medium frequency system, which produces a field between the two electrodes (positive
and negative) at the level of the body area interposed, which becomes an active part of a
capacitor. The biological tissue, in this case, makes the ionic charges available becoming
a second species armor for the condenser. Second type conductors are those in which
the transport of current occurs by physical movement of ions through a liquid. When
a system of this type interacts with the organism, if equipped with the appropriate
characteristics, it determines changes in the activity of the biological system.
The physical principle of the capacitor applied to the human body does not use the
emission of radiant energies or electromagnetic fields in the body but, in a very natural
way, uses what the body makes available as its own electrolytic charges, attracting and
rejecting them, by speeding up in this way mechanisms which, in any case, take place
physiologically but considerably slowed down in the presence of a pathology. This
technology considers both voltage and frequency of the acting field both the impedance
of the tissues of the human body, or the measure of their ease of conducting electric
current. The overall impedance value of a tissue is the result of the impedance of the
different tissues that compose it. An accurate calculation of these parameters allows:
• Greater efficacy, provided by the optimal energy dose
• Lesser contraindications and certainties of the result, eliminating energy overdose.

In conclusion, this technology creates an epochal change by placing different

parameters on the use and application of the physical principles of radiofrequency
applied to the organism for a therapeutic process.

The Transdermal Delivery

It is a painless method with no side effects that allows to transdermally deliver active
ingredients with high molecular weight to cell interstitial spaces without the intermediation
of blood circulation in the first phase (ex. pharmaceutical drugs, homeopathic products,
phyto-pharmaceutical products).
The active ingredients applied to the skin meet a barrier to penetration consisting of the
stratum corneum. Winform transdermal delivery system allows the substance to travel
through intracellular spaces overcoming this obstacle and to cross cell membranes.
Winform technology uses a patented method in which high frequency pulsed currents
work in synergy with low frequency modulated currents.
Biological effects

Tecar energy and

interactions with biological
tissues
At the beginning of the twentieth century a French physician and physicist, Jacques
Arsene d'Arsonval, acquired the fundamental intuitions of Tesla and began to experience
the beneficial potentials of high frequencies applied to biological tissues: the researcher
noticed that applying frequencies higher than 100KHz, determined changes in plasma
membrane permeability. This gave rise to further experimentations and to the creation,
by the same Arsonval, together with other doctors and researchers, of the first energy
application system through two different electrodes: a capacitive and a resistive one.
The rationale of this discovery led the English doctor William Beaumont to realize the
first electromedical diathermy instrument in 1939.
But it is starting from 1995, by a team of Italian researchers, that the application field
of this method was extended to the field of sports medicine (it spread throughout
physical medicine and rehabilitation only later) and that the diathermic system began to
be named according to the acronym TECaR (Capacitive and Resistive Energy Transfer).
Tecartherapy stimulates the production of endogenous energy at the level of biological
tissues, activating and accelerating the natural reparative and anti-inflammatory
processes. The rationale for this therapy lies in the observation that every trauma
or osteoarticular (and soft tissue) pathology slows down and modifies the natural
reparative processes due to the damage suffered.
During the treatment, the biological tissues are included between the two electrodes:
the fixed electrode, or return plate, placed on the lower part, and the mobile electrode,
placed on the upper part (Fig.1). In the biological tissue, rich in water and salts, numerous
electric charges are present, in the form of positive ions and negative ions. If we apply
a positive voltage to the mobile electrode with respect to the fixed electrode, a charge
shift occurs inside the dielectric (biological tissue). For the principle that charges of
opposite sign attract and charges of equal sign repel each other, negative ions are
attracted to the mobile electrode while positive ions are repelled towards the fixed
electrode (Fig. 1).
If we invert the electric field, the mobile electrode will now be negatively charged,
therefore, unlike before, the free positive ions of the body will be attracted and the
negative ones will be rejected (Fig. 1). TECAR uses a continuous inversion of the
electric field, at a frequency of about 480,000 times per second. This means that the
mobile electrode will change its polarity from positive to negative precisely 480,000
times per second. The effect of this rapid movement of ions within the human body will
be a production of heat, due to the impact of the electric charges in rapid movement
with the other molecules. This continuous displacement of atoms with electric charge,
determines an alternating ionic electric current and the production of heat by joule
effect.
 Biological effects
Fig.1. The two images represent the flow of ionic charges in the area interposed between the two electrodes
(fixed and mobile). In the left figure, the movable plate represents the positive electrode that attracts
electrolytes with negative charge. After the inversion of the field, the electrolytes with a positive charge will
feel the attraction towards the mobile electrode, which has now assumed a negative charge.

We can deduce that, if the diathermic system produces heat inside the tissues based on
their electrical resistance and their specific heat, we could paradoxically find ourselves
with high temperatures deeper than on the surface.

True regenerative therapy is not closely related to temperature but to the movement of
electrolytic charges made available by the human body.

However, it is important to ensure that the internal temperature does not exceed
the 42 °C threshold to avoid incurring chemical-physical consequences that would
compromise the safety of the biological system treated. Deep thermal effects are
monitored thanks to Winform’s SCE and SIVSEA systems.

General biological effects of

Tecartherapy
The effects of Tecartherapy can be summarized as follows:

• acceleration of the natural systemic reparative reaction;

• reactivation of the superficial lymphatic and blood microcirculation by the
capillary vasodilation;
• facilitates the reabsorption of oedemas;
• reduction of contractures and muscle spasms;
• increase in nerve conduction;
• increase in the extensibility of collagen due to viscosity reduction;
• acceleration of enzymatic activity;
• increase in the nociceptive threshold;
Biological effects

A global combination of effects allows faster healing of tissues following trauma or

in degenerative diseases (where it also indirectly plays a protective role), allows rapid
reabsorption of edemas, reduces joint stiffness and allows an increase in joint ROM
(Range of Motion).

The presence of a duty cycle (pulsed mode) to regulate the supply of the electrical
circuit applied to the human body also allows Tecar to determine:
• an increase in the cellular function of protein synthesis for the creation of molecular
bonds between the tissue ions;
• increased ATP production;
• a cascade of physiological reactions that includes the activation of growth factors
for fibroblasts and neurons;
• an increase in macrophage activity;
• an alteration of myosin phosphorylation;

It is proven that an improved local perfusion increases tissue oxygenation at the

deep level, thus reducing anaerobic metabolism, increasing the phagocytic activity of
catabolites and increasing nutrient availability.

Tecar of Winform
With the Tecar devices of Winform it is possible to obtain all the listed biological effects,
customizing the therapy on the basis of the specific needs of each pathology and each
treated patient.
Moreover, thanks to the presence of SCE and SIVSEA control systems, the highest
degree of safety and respect for biological tissues is guaranteed, optimizing the
effectiveness of the treatment and avoiding incurring secondary effects (due to a
return of energy to the handpiece or an energetic overdose in the treated tissues):
this is possible thanks to a constant control of the impedance of the substrates and an
automatic regulation of the emission intensity.
In addition, specific biological effects can be obtained in the course of treatment and
the efficacy of the treatment can be assessed on the basis of the modification of the
tissue density obtained, depending on the set SIVSEA and its variation.
 Biological effects
Transdermal delivery
Transdermal delivery is a technique that allows the transport through the skin of
medium-low molecular weight active ingredients in the intra and extracellular spaces,
limiting interactions with the bloodstream. This route of administration allows a
controlled release of the substance, that is, the molecule can be made available for a
long period of time, from a few hours to several days, thanks to the reserve role played
by the integument.

Any incompatibilities with the active ingredients of the drug are also minimized,
the potential toxicological risks associated with the use of more classic routes of
administration (such as gastro-intestinal or intravenous for example), the aggression
of intestinal flora associated with the orally use and the hepatic first pass effect, in
which a large portion of the active ingredient is absorbed, transported to the liver and
metabolized by the liver enzymes, inactivating it.

The stratum corneum is the most superficial one of the skin barriers against the intake
of external material and constitutes a real obstacle to the transdermal diffusion of
active pharmacological and cosmetic principles.
Physiologically, only a small number of molecules with low molecular weight and high
lipophilicity is suitable to pass through the stratum corneum (highly hydrophobic), to
reach the treatment target and thus perform the relevant therapeutic action, while the
majority of hydrophilic molecules cannot “passively” cross the barrier of the integument
and they remain thus superficial. Furthermore, if some of these molecules were able
to penetrate at the epidermal level, they would risk to be prematurely degraded by the
epidermal enzymes, thus further reducing their bioavailability.

At the base of these considerations and of the remark that the cutaneous route was
an innovative means of pharmacological administration (with great benefits), over the
years several methods of transdermal vehiculation of molecules have been developed.
The research on the first generation of vehiculation systems focused primarily on
adapting the physicochemical properties of drugs to allow their transcutaneous intake.

The molecules for transdermal delivery were specifically selected or modified so that
they presented a specific partition coefficient and a low molecular weight, to facilitate
their diffusion through the skin barrier.
Regarding the second generation of vehiculation systems, they focused on increasing
skin's permeability to the drug through the use of chemical "facilitators" and specific
stimulation means (external conductive forces): chemical facilitators and emulsions
with nano-carriers allowed the solubilization of drugs and simplified the permeability
of the drug, while the intervention of external forces (which used heat, electricity and
non-cavitation ultrasounds) provided the final propulsive pulse for the entrance of
macromolecules through the skin.

Third generation research and developments have adopted slightly invasive methods in
which a microscopic destruction of the epidermis (radiofrequency and ablative lasers,
microneedles) was foreseen, temporarily interrupting the stratum corneum in some of
its portions to allow penetration of the drug.

The latest generation has focused on the development of devices for transdermal
assisted delivery, using machines specifically designed to allow the maximum adaptation
Biological effects

to the tissues of the patients and personalizing the therapy on the base of the needs /
necessities / pathology found in the subject (the devices for vehiculation of Winform
fully fall into this category).

Among the different transdermal delivery systems still available on the market and used
in the clinical environment (iontophoresis, sonophoresis, microneedling, ablative lasers
and radiofrequencies) the latest generation devices optimize the benefits provided by
this method which are countless:

• allows a controlled and biosustainable (for the organism) release of the drug;

• promotes patient compliance due to its non-invasiveness and being a painless

method;

• it is a good alternative to the administration of oral or injective drugs (transmuscular,

intravenous, etc.);

• requires lower drug dosages compared to oral administration;

• non-invasiveness allows repeated administration of the drug on the same body are
in a forecast of medium and long term treatments;

• thanks to a shorter diffusion pathway to vascular networks, it is possible to avoid

secondary effects due to digestion and metabolism of the drug (first pass hepatic
metabolism).

General biological effects of transdermal delivery

The therapeutic indications vary on the basis of the active principle that we choose
to convey and on the specific technology of the device used. The general actions of
transdermal delivery optimize, in terms of healing and functional recovery times, the
treatment performances and are described as follows:
• anti-inflammatory action;
• analgesic action;
• anti-edema action;
• biostimulating action;
• decontracting action;
• anti-fatigue, draining and decongestant (venous) action.
 Biological effects
Transdermal delivery of
Winform
Winform transdermal delivery devices exploit a patented and unique method to allow
active ingredient molecules to cross the epidermal layer.

For the success of the treatment it is also important to carry out a prophylaxis passage
to therapy, that is, the application on the skin of a specific product: San C. San C is
an ozonized detergent that allows the removal of the hydrolipidic film overlying the
stratum corneum, reducing it and promoting the availability of the active substance
that you want to convey.

During the treatment, the macromolecules of the active principle pass through the
stratum corneum moving between the keratocytes thanks to the thrust induced by the
movement of electrolytic charges in the body. Once past this outer layer of the skin,
the substance has the ability to penetrate intracellularly through the transient opening
of the transmembrane channels.

This occurs because at a period of deep polarization, by means of a high frequency

signal, a release one follows to induce the phenomenon of electroporation of the tissues
and therefore the drug delivery. In addition to the high frequency carrier current, a
modular current with a frequency of 10Hz also emerges as a result.

Winform “transdermal delivery” treatment combines the main signal of the deep
endothermic treatment (signal delivered in packets of pulses) with appropriate pause
periods, which allow the drug to be conveyed. In addition, the continuous exchange
between the modulation of the signal and the moments of rest allow to keep the
opening of the porosities longer.

The transfer efficiency of the molecules of active principle depends on the characteristics
of the molecule (weight, size and charge), the characteristics of the electrical pulse
(amplitude, duration, n° of pulses, frequency) and the combination with the diathermic
physical principle and its intrinsic physical characteristics.

The molecules of active principle that do not pass the cell membrane remain available
at the tissue level in the dermis (the reserve capacity of the tegument is exploited) and
enter at the cellular level when the cellular metabolism requires it, through an increase
in the Na+/K+ pump activity and relevant opening of specific channels.
Biological effects

Therapeutic applications in
physiotherapy
Tecartherapy is applied in the following physiotherapeutic areas:

• Treatment of acute inflammatory pain;

• Treatment of post-traumatic or post-surgical oedema;

• Therapeutic massage;

• Preparatorymassage in athletes (with respect to sports performance or

training);

• Decontracting massage;

• Myofascial treatment;

• Osteoarthritis treatment;

• Treatment of arthrosis (hip joint, gonarthrosis and intervertebral);

• Treatment of tendinopathies in the acute or degenerative phase;

• Treatment of post-operative pain;

• Treatment of pain and/or the inflammatory state in the case of a prosthetic

patient or with metallic type of implants;

• Treatment of low back pain of myofascial origin;

• Treatment of lumbosciatica;

• Treatment of plantar fasciitis and retraction of the tricipital fascia;

• Treatment of myofascial and irradiative neck pain;

• Treatment of the fibromyalgia patient (pain and muscular relaxation);

• Reactivation of the hemolymphatic system in case of stasis;

• Treatment of lymphoedema;
 Biological effects
Therapeutic applications in
aesthetic medicine
Tecartherapy is applied in the following medical and aesthetic areas:

• Treatment of wrinkles and unstructured skin;

• Treatment of acne vulgaris;

• Treatment of melasma;

• Treatment of cutaneous dyschromia;

• Treatment of tissue re-oxygenation (tropism);

• Treatment of skin firming of the face, neck and décolleté;

• Treatment of lifting of the face;

• Treatment of lip refill;

• Treatment of miniaturisation of the pores of the nose;

• Treatment of tissue rejuvenation;

• Treatment of lymphatic drainage;

• Treatment of androgenetic alopecia;

• Treatment of scalp imperfections (oily or dry dandruff, seborrhoea);

• Deep hair restructuring treatment;

• Treatment of striae rubrae;

• Treatment of oedematous cellulite;

• Treatment of fibrotic cellulite;

• Treatment of localised adiposity;

• Treatment of cutaneous ptosis (sagging);

 Experiences and clinical studies
in physiotherapy and aesthetic medicine
 Clinical experiences
Internal Gastrocnemius lesion
Before the treatment with CRV

Female soccer player, 16 years old. Medial gastrocnemius strain of the right leg.

After the treatment with CRV

Excellent 2nd - 3rd degree cicatritial resolution of distal myotendinous junction of

medial head gastrocnemius with slight detachment of the muscular fascia.
Clinical experiences

1st - 2nd sprain degree

Before the treatment with CRV

After the treatment with CRV

Excellent strain cicatrization.

 Clinical experiences
Enthesitis
Before the treatment with CRV

After the treatment with CRV

Good cicatrization
 NON-INVASIVE TREATMENT OF MELASMA
Use of a quick release transdermal vehiculation system

University of Studies of Rome "La Sapienza" Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases and Plastic-Reconstructive Surgery[1]
Director Prof. S. Calvieri

Alfredo Rossi, Maria Caterina Fortuna, Fabio Colaiuda, Elisabetta Scali, Paolo Greco, Alessandro Iorio, Victor Desmond Mandel, Valentina Garelli

Introduction
Melasma is acquired hypermelanosis with multifactorial etiology characterised by grey-brown patches that affects sun-exposed areas
and which mainly occurs on the face, with an alteration of pigmentation characterised by a localised or widespread increase in melanin
at epidermal and dermal level (1).
Currently available conventional therapies, including laser-therapy (2-6) and chemical peeling (7-11), are ineffective in the medium- and
long-term most of the times due to the occurrence of relapses. Grekin and colleagues (12) did not observe any improvement in patients
suffering from melasma and treated with dye laser. Fitzpatrick and colleagues
(13) successfully used a dye laser in the treatment of post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, but observed no results in melasma cases.
Goldberg (14) and McBurney (15) observed improvements after treatment of hyperpigmentation, using respectively a Q-switched ruby
laser and an argon laser, followed by the appearance of relapses after a short time. Wanitphakdeedecha and colleagues (16) observed
the onset of recurrences after treatment of epidermal melasma with Er: Yag laser. Wattanakrai and colleagues (17) report recurrence in
patients with dermatological or mixed melasma and treated with Q-switched Nd: Yag laser.
The best strategy is based on simultaneous use, promoting the removal of that already deposited in the stratum corneum. Guevara and
Pandya (20) have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of a 4% hydroquinone cream, buffered with glycolic acid 10%, vitamin C,
vitamin E. Espinal Perez and colleagues (24) compared the results of melasma treatment using about a 5% ascorbic acid based cream
on half face and a 4% hydroquinone cream on the other half. Lim (26) observed an improvement using a gel made with 2% kojic acid,
10% glycolic acid and 2% hydroquinone. Azzam and colleagues (27) appraised the effectiveness of trichloroacetic acid 20% compared to
Jessner’s solution (resorcinol, salicylic acid, lactic acid) and a 2% hydroquinone and kojic acid based cream.
Based on these considerations, a study was conducted on a group of 25 female patients suffering from melasma to assess the effectiveness
and safety of using a transdermal vehiculation system. The system is equipped with a radio-frequency pulse energy generator in association
with a 1% kojic acid-based phytocomplex capable of reducing the melanin biosynthesis by inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme at different
levels and with different mechanisms of action: reduction in new melanin biosynthesis through inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme activity
with a chelation mechanism of copper ions and competition with DOPA for binding with the tyrosinase receptors; blocking intermediate
oxidation reactions of the non-enzymatic phase; inhibiting the transfer of newly formed melanin from melanocytes to keratinocytes.

Methods
From January 2008 to December 2009, 25 female patients underwent treatment, aged between 24 and 63 (average age 49.6) suffering
from face melasma. All patients signed the informed consent form prior to being recruited for the study.
The phytocomplex was tested for contact allergies with a patch test, read at 48 and 72 hours. For melasma classification, a Wood lamp
was used (28), which highlighted in 10 patients (40%, average age 55.2 years) superficial melasma and in 15 patients (60%, average age
38.5 years) deep melasma. All lesions were documented photographically.
The 1% kojic acid based phytocomplex was delivered with a quick-release transdermal vehiculation system (Endosit [now called TecarCRV],
Winform, Italy) fitted with a generator able to emit radio-frequency pulsed energy at 480 KHz and a low-frequency modular current at 10
Hz, connected to a handpiece with steel electrode (diameter 25 mm, thickness 3 mm) and a neutral return plate.
Throughout the duration of the treatment, the low energy transfer “vehiculation” operative mode was set (generator power: 25%). Before
each treatment session the affected area was thoroughly cleansed to fluidise and remove the hydrolipidic film, promoting subsequent
vehiculation of the phytocomplex. At the end of each session, the treated area was buffered with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution and
a preparation containing collagenase plus chloramphenicol was applied, 3 times a day for the following 5 days. For the entire duration
of the study the patients applied daily a high protection solar filter SPF 50+. The individual session lasted 3 minutes per lesion, during
which approximately 2 ml of product were delivered. Sessions were weekly. At the end of the treatment the check was carried out by
photographic comparison. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed comparing the MASI score (Melasma Area and Severity Index)
assigned to the lesions at the start of the study (T0), at the end of the sessions (T1) and at the check after 1 month (T2), 6 months (T3)
and 12 months (T4).

Results
All patients tolerated the treatment well and there were no side effects. Between 4 and 6 sessions were required for treatment of
superficial melasma in 8 patients. 2 patients suffering from superficial melasma required 6 and 8 sessions, respectively. In the 15 cases
of deep melasma, between 8 and 10 sessions were carried out. One was able to observe progressive and constant improvement of the
lesions with conspicuous decrease in the pigmented component starting from the second session in all patients.
In the superficial melasma cases (tab. 1) total disappearance of lesions was observed in 5 patients after 4 sessions and in 3 patients after
6 sessions. One patient (figures 1 and 2) reported attenuation of the pigmented area compared to the initial lesion after 6 sessions (MASI
score from 6.3 to 1.8); one patient showed attenuation of the pigmented area compared to the initial lesion after 8 sessions (MASI score
from 9.6 to 3.6). In patients suffering from deep melasma (tab. 2) total disappearance of the hyperchromic lesion was observed after 8
sessions in 1 case, and after 1 session in 2 cases. An improvement was observed with respect to the initial lesion in 3 cases (MASI score
from 4.5 to 0.6; from 6 to 0.9; from 7.2 to 1.2). The subsequent follow up was conducted at 1, 6 and 12 months on 11 patients; at 1
and 6 months on 9 patients; at 1 month on 5 patients. In all cases, it was observed that the results achieved were preserved, with no
recurrences. In cases of partial resolution, no worsening of the pathology was observed.

Tab. 1: results in patients suffering from superficial melasma

Tab. 2: results in patients suffering from deep melasma

Discussion
Transdermal vehiculation is increasingly emerging as a safe and effective method in the field of bone and joint inflammatory diseases, as
well as in dermatology, and especially in the treatment of skin blemishes.
A number of studies (29-34) have shown how this method allows the epidermal anatomical structures to be crossed, taking advantage
of the interaction mechanisms of an electromagnetic field with biological tissues. The electrically charged ionic and molecular aggregates
interact with the electromagnetic field through conduction mechanisms, which induce electrical currents in the tissue determined by
the movement of the electrons and ions it contains, as well as through polarisation mechanisms. In relation to the frequency bands, the
interaction mechanisms are divided into low-frequency interaction mechanisms, in which interaction is brought about by the variable
electric and magnetic fields that generate currents in the tissues, and high frequency interaction mechanisms, in which interaction is
caused by the activation of states of rotation, vibration, and alignment of the electric charges.
The system used by us is able to control independently and simultaneously the high and low frequency pulses with a dual effect that
results in both tissue stimulation with localized heating and polarity alignment, and delivery of active ingredients through the epidermis,
with increased absorption capacity. Through the safety system built into the device, this is also able to constantly assess the change in
impedance of the tissues concerned and to correct in real time the energy emission, thereby allowing bio-stimulation to be optimised in an
automatic manner and assure the utmost clinical effectiveness. The synergistic action of the phytocomplex and transdermal vehiculation
method has its scientific rationale in the dual tissue bio-stimulation effect with increased ability to penetrate through the epidermis up to
the intracellular level, and interaction of the phytocomplex at various levels of the cutaneous melanogenesis metabolic pathway:
• decrease in new melanin biosynthesis through inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme’s activity with a chelation mechanism of copper ions;
• decrease in new melanin biosynthesis through competition with DOPA for binding with the tyrosinase receptors;
• blockage of intermediate oxidation reactions of the non-enzymatic phase;
• inhibition of newly formed melanin transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes;
• de-pigmenting action of existing lesions, induced by transformation of the melanin deposited in the keratinocytes into colourless
pigments.

Fig. 2: patient with superficial

Fig. 1: patient with superficial forehead
forehead melasma after 6 treatment
melasma.
sessions.
MASI TO score: 6.3
MASI T1 score: 1.8

Conclusions
Conventional therapies for melasma treatment are long, costly and often burdened by relapses (16, 17, 35, 36). That is why, in order
to achieve good aesthetic results, new methods are being put forth characterised by the absence of invasiveness, low costs and good
effectiveness.
Among these, a significant role is played by transdermal vehiculation associated to radio-frequency, which as is known, is able to interact
with tissues, delivering substances through the epidermis at intracellular level. This method is wholly non-invasive, painless and free of
side effects, it does not require anaesthesia and may be performed routinely at an outpatient facility. The results observed in our study
show good attenuation of the hyperpigmentation lesions compared to the initial lesions. The follow-up conducted at 1, 6 and 12 months
showed persistence of the results obtained.
The novelty of this method consists in the ability to deliver the phytocomplex at intra and extra-cellular level, thus being able to interact
with the metabolism of skin melanogenesis.
In our opinion we may conclude that said method stands as a new and valid alternative in melasma treatment, having shown good
efficacy, speed of execution, safety and low costs, in total absence of invasiveness. It should be duly underlined that execution of said
technique requires personnel to be instructed on the protocols to be used in the various aesthetic treatments.
Furthermore, we wish to highlight that said method has been recently introduced, and therefore requires the results obtained by us to
be confirmed by further studies.

Declared conflicts of interest: none

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[1]Study published on: Hi Tech Dermo n. 6/2010

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treatment of melasma. lnt J Dermatol 2003;42:966-72.
21. Chawla S, deLong MA, Visscher MO, Wickett RR, Manga P Boissy RE. Mechanism of tyrosinase inhibition by deoxy Arbutin and its
second-genera­tion derivatives. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159.1267-7 4.
22. Hamed SH, Sriwiriyanont P, deLong MA, Visscher MO, Wickett RR, Boissy RE. Comparative efficacy and safety of deoxyarbutin, a new
tyrosinase-inhibiting agent. J Cosmet Sci 2006;57:291-308.
23. Funasaka Y, Komoto M, Ichihash M. Depigmenting effect of alphatocopheryl ferulate on normal human melanocytes. Pigment Cell
Res 2000;13:170-4.
24. Espinal-Perez LE, Moncada B, Castanedo-Cazares JP A double-blind randomized trial of 5% ascorbic acid vs. 4% hydroquinone in
melasma. lnt J Dermatol 2004; 43:604-7.
25. Greatens A, Hakozaki T, Koshoffer A, Epstein H, Schwemberger S, Babcock G, et al. Effective inhibition of melanosome transfer to
keratinocytes by lectins and niacinamide is reversible. Exp Dermatol 2005; 14:498-508.
26. Lim 1T. Treatment of melasma using kojic acid in a gel containing hydroquinone and glycolic acid. Dermatol Surg 1999 Apr;25(4):282-4.
27. Azzam OA, Leheta TM, Nagui NA, Shaarawy E, Hay RM, Hilal RF. Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma. J Cosmet
Dermatol 2009 Dec;8(4):275-81.
28. Prignano F, Ortonne JP, Buggiani G, Lotti T Therapeutic approaches to melasma. Dermatol Clin 2007; 25:337-42.
29. Banga AK. Microporation applications for enhancing drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009 Apr,-6(4)-343-54.
30. Marra F, Levy JL, Santi P, Kalia YN. In vitro evaluation of the effect of electrotreatment on skin permeability. J Cosmet Dermatol 2008
]un;7(2):105-11.
31. OMS, Electromagnetic fields and public health. Physical properties and effects on the biological systems. Memorandum no. 182,
1998.
32. Sammeta SM, Vaka SR, Murthy SN. Transdermal drug delivery enhan­ced by low voltage electropulsation (LVE). Pharm Dev Technol
2009; 14(2): 159-64.
33. Xu Q, Kochambilli RP, Song Y, Hao J, Higuchi WI, Li SK. Effects of alternating current frequency and per­meation enhancers upon
human epi­dermal membrane. lnt J Pharm 2009 May 8;372(1-2).24-32.
34. Grégoire S, Ribaud C, Benech F, Meunier JR, Garrigues-Mazert A, Guy RH. Prediction of chemical absorption into and through the
skin from cosmetic and dermatological formulations. Br J Dermatol 2009 Jan; 160(1).80-91.
35. Lee HS, Won CH, Lee DH, An JS, Chang Hw, Lee JH, Kim KH, Cho S, Chung JH. Treatment of melasma in Asian skin using a fractional
1,550-nm laser: an open clinical study. Dermatol Surg 2009 Oct;35(10): 1499-504.
36. Cestari T, Arellano I, Hexsel D, Ortonne JP; Latin American Pigmentary Disorders Academy. Melasma in Latin America: options for
therapy and treatment algorithm. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereo/ 2009 ]ul;23(7):760-72.
Combined Use of Monopolar Radiofrequency and Transdermal Drug Delivery in
the Treatment of Melasma
Summary of a clinical study carried out by the Department of Dermatology of the San Gallicano IRCCS Institute in
Rome [2]
Norma Cameli, MD, PhD, Elva Abril, MD, Maria Mariano, MD, and Enzo Berardesca, MD, PhD

Introduction
Patients: 50 women between 30 and 60 years old with melasma, voluntarily offered to participate in this study between October and
November 2012.
Patients presented phototype 2 to 4. The inclusion criteria were the following: idiopathic melasma, voluntary participation, previous
resistance to common therapies, termination of previous therapies at least 12 months before starting the study, consent not to use other
therapies during the study and consent to use a daily solar filter.

Results
All the patients completed the study. A 12 month period of suspension of any depigmenting treatment before enrolment of the study.
After each application, the area of treated skin appeared normal in colour, texture and swelling.
There were no side effects, such as erythema, scars and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation at the one month and six month follow-
ups. (Fig.6)
All patients returned to their daily activities immediately.
The reappearance of melasma was 0% at T1 and 4% at T2.
The analysis showed that the hyperpigmentation was significantly reduced one month after the last treatment session (T1) and at the 6
month follow-up (T2) it was T0.
The MASI degree reference equal to 21.3 decreased to 15.7 (p<0.001) one month after the end of treatment and had a value of 16.9 at
the 6 month follow-up. These results were also confirmed by the Mexameter. (Fig. 7-8) (Table 2)
The degree of erythema also showed a significant reduction. (Table 3)

TABLE 2. Melanin Scores Recorded by Mexameter at the Baseline (T0), 1 TABLE 3. Erythema Scores Recorded by Mexameter at the Baseline (T0), 1
Month After Treatment (T1) and 6 Months After Treatment (T2) Month After Treatment (T1) and 6 Months After Treatment (T2)
 Conclusions
These results suggest that the combined use of monopolar RF with a transdermal delivery system of depigmenting agents is a valid non-
invasive and safe method for treating melasma.

[2] Full article published in: American Society for Dermatologic Surgery

Figure 1. Visioface digital photograph of a Figure 1a. Visioface digital photograph of a Figure 1b. Visioface digital photograph of a
39 year-old patient affected with melasma 39-year-old patient affected by melasma 39-year-old patient affected by melasma
at the baseline (T0). 1 month after treatment (T1). 6 months after treatment (T2).

treated area

Figure 2. Visioface digital (A) and ultraviolet (B) photograph of a 47-year-

old patient affected by melasma at the baseline (T0).

treated area

Figure 2b. Visioface digital (A) and ultraviolet (B) photograph of a 47-year-old
patient affected by melasma 6 months after the treatment (T2).
 NON-INVASIVE TREATMENT OF WRINKLES OF THE FACE
Quick release transdermal vehiculation system

University of Studies of Rome "La Sapienza" Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases and Plastic-Reconstructive Surgery [3]
Director Prof. S. Calvieri

Alfredo Rossi, Maria Caterina Fortuna, Fabio Colaiuda, Elisabetta Scali, Paolo Greco, Alessandro Iorio, Victor Desmond Mandel, Valentina Garelli

Introduction
Wrinkles are the most obvious sign of time-induced cutaneous atrophy, characterised by progressive damage to the collagen and elastic
fibres; their aetiology is varied and complex, under the combined action of endogenous and exogenous factors. Facial wrinkles are the
most noticeable ones, mainly due to gravity and the loss of support by the elastic tissue. Their development is accelerated by ultraviolet
light, by lack of skin hydration, and by tobacco smoke. With ageing, hyper-dynamic lines also develop on the face, i.e. furrows caused
by repeated stretching of the underlying mimic muscles. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors are involved in inducing skin ageing, as well as
a stochastic process that involves random cell damage caused by mutations during metabolic processes due to the production of free
radicals. Extrinsic ageing is caused by environmental factors such as exposure to sunlight, atmospheric pollution, cigarette smoke, alcohol
abuse and poor diet. On the other hand, intrinsic ageing reflects the genetic background and is time-dependent. There are a number of
intrinsic ageing expressions that include smooth and thinned skin with prominent expression wrinkles, while ageing caused by extrinsic
factors is characterised by wrinkles, hypo/hyper-pigmented macules and actinic keratoses. Prevention is important, by using chemical
and physical sun filters. A network of antioxidants such as vitamins E and C, coenzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, glutathione, may reduce
the signs of ageing. Other anti-ageing products are three generations of retinoids, the first generation of which is the most commonly
used one. A diet rich in anti-oxidant substances contained in fruit and vegetables may be useful in preventing and delaying the onset of
wrinkles. A number of treatments are currently available and commonly used for facial wrinkles, based on the use of laser, Botox, chemical
peeling and fillers. The growing demand for effective, non-expensive and non-invasive approaches has resulted in the development of
new methods for treating wrinkles.

Methods
20 female patients were enrolled, aged between 30 and 63 (average age 46.4) who had I, II, III and IV degree facial wrinkles according
to the Glogau scale. Due to the heterogeneous age of the patients, the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the onset of wrinkles were
variously represented. In addition, 10 case-control patients with similar features were recruited. A device was used (Endosit®, Winform)
equipped with a generator able to emit 480 KHz modulated radiofrequency pulsed energy and a low frequency,10 Hz modular current,
connected to a handpiece, to which an active steel electrode was applied (diameter 35 mm, thickness 3 mm) and a neutral return plate.
Throughout the duration of the treatment, the low energy transfer VEHICULATION operative mode was set (generator power: 25%),
using a phytocomplex made with substances able to moisturise the stratum corneum, increase collagen biosynthesis and stimulate the
metabolic activity of fibroblasts to enhance skin firming, reduce Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) and finally, induce an antioxidant
and elasticising action. In the case-controls, the turned off machine and a base cream were used. The phytocomplex was tested through
a patch by patch to assess its tolerance and ability to cause contact dermatitis with reading at 48 and 72 hours. Before each treatment
session the affected area was adequately cleansed to remove the hydrolipidic film, thus promoting subsequent vehiculation of the
substances. 10 sessions were carried out, lasting 4 minutes per area, during which approximately 5 ml of product were delivered. The
frequency of sessions was twice-weekly. A check was carried out at the end of the treatment by photographic comparison.

Results
Treatment was well tolerated by all patients, no side effects occurred and, starting from the 10th session, a progressive and constant
improvement of the lesions was observed, with decreases in the width and depth of individual wrinkles. The results were assessed by
photographic score: assessment of linear wrinkles via an 8-level scale (Tab. 1) and with the Glogau scale (Tab. 2). The results assessed by
using these scores showed a positive effect in all patient. Specifically, a 3 points improvement of the photographic score was observed
in 0.5% of the patients, 2 points in 50% and 1 point in 49.5%. Periocular wrinkles were the most responsive, followed by nasolabial and
forehead wrinkles. No correlation was found between patients’ age and the extent of the clinical improvement of the blemish, whereas
enhanced responsiveness was found in all patients starting from a higher score (Tab. 3).
At the end of treatment the improvement was clearly visible (photo 1b, 2b). The follow up at the 5th month showed the results achieved
were retained in 100% of patients (photo 1c, 2c). No improvement was found in control-case patients (photo 3a, 3b).

Discussion
Transdermal vehiculation by means of radio-frequency has turned out to be an extremely interesting therapy method in view of the
encouraging results, especially as they concern treatment of a condition for which conventional therapies are either too invasive and
costly, or not satisfying nor long-lasting. Contrary to our expectations, the study has shown that response to therapy was affected to a
greater extent by the position and severity of the wrinkles than by patients’ age. As a matter of fact, the best results were obtained where
wrinkles were deeper and wider, and where the skin was thinner. This observation leads us to hypothesise that the synergistic action of
radio-frequency and vehiculation is better suited to areas with thinner skin. Therefore, the preferential therapeutic target for this method
is the face. The system used is able to control independently and simultaneously the high and low frequency pulses with a dual effect
that results in both tissue stimulation with localised heating and polarity alignment, and vehiculation of active ingredients through the
epidermis, with increased absorption capacity. Through the built-in safety system, the device is also able to constantly assess the change
in impedance of the tissues concerned and to correct in real time the energy emission, thereby allowing bio-stimulation to be optimised
in an automatic manner and assure the utmost clinical effectiveness.
 Conclusions
Therefore, one may conclude that this technique may be a new and valid method for the treatment of wrinkles, showing to be effective,
non-invasive, rapid, easy to perform and totally safe. However, one should underline the need to confirm the results achieved with more
studies.
Declared conflicts of interest: none

Bibliography
[3] Study published on: Hi Tech Dermo n. 6/2010
1. Banga AK. Microporation applications for enhancing drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2009 Apr;6(4):343-54.
2. Marra F, Levy JL, Santi P, Kalia YN. In vitro evaluation of the effect of electrotreatment on skin permeability. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2008
Jun;7(2):105-11.
3. OMS, Electromagnetic fields and public health. Physical properties and effects on the biological systems. Memorandum no. 182, 1998.
4. Sammeta SM, Vaka SR, Murthy SN. Transdermal drug delivery enhanced by low voltage electro-pulsation (LVE). Pharm Dev Tech-nol.
2009;14(2):159-64.
5. Xu Q, Kochambilli RP, Song Y, Hao J, Higuchi WI, Li SK. Effects of alternating current frequency and permeation enhancers upon human
epidermal membrane. Int J Pharm. 2009 May 8;372(1-2):24-32.
6. Grégoire S, Ribaud C, Benech F, Meunier JR, Garrigues-Mazert A, Guy RH. Prediction of chemical absorption into and through the skin
from cosmetic and dermatological formulations. Br J Der-matol. 2009 Jan;160(1):80-91.
7. R. James Koch, MD An Over- view of Facial Wrinkles. Epitomes- Otolaryngology 428 WJM, December 1997-Vol 167, No. 6.
8. N. Puizina-Ivic Skin Aging. Acta Dermatoven APA Vol 17, 2008, No 2.
9. Hun Lee, MD, Jin Sook Yoon, MD, Sang Yeul Lee, MD Fractional Laser Photothermolysis for Treatment of Facial Wrinkles in Asians
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 2009;23:235-239
10. P. Daniel Ward, MD, MS; Shan

Fig. 1a : T0 (pre-treatment) Fig. 1b : T1 (after 10 sessions) Fig. 1c : T2 (follow up after 5 months)

Fig. 2a: T0 (pre-treatment) Fig. 2b: T1 (after 10 sessions) Fig. 2c: T2 (follow up after 5 months)

Fig. 3a: T0 (pre-treatment) Fig. 3b: T1 (after 10 sessions)

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Technical specifications
 Technical specifications
Handpieces
The device is equipped with bipolar and monopolar handpieces (using a neutral plate)
of different sizes, to allow different areas of the body to be treated.

SIVSEA and SCE

Tecar CRV has the revolutionary SIVSEA/SCE system that allows you to view and
control the energy transferred to the tissue in real time and to immediately calibrate
the correct energy dose to be administered, thereby avoiding unnecessary overdoses.

Photographic and thermal scanning

Tecar CRV can be used together with the W200 handpiece, a digital system for
photographic scans with 200X magnification to accurately display the condition of
the skin. W200 is also equipped with a thermal and humidity sensor to complete the
analysis of the skin on the area to be treated.

Guaranteed safety
Tecar CRV has safety systems that actively intervene if excess energy is given to the
patient, thereby eliminating any errors.
Safety is guaranteed by a “watch dog” system that constantly checks that the software
is working correctly.
Technical specifications

Software

P1 - 4.5 W 34.5 ¡C 40 % 28 Agosto 2017 15:34

SIN
ST AR T TIME END TIME

08.50
mins ec
10.10
min sec

SIVSEA
80%

SC E
0% 100%
50%

JOULE TO T REAL POWE R

187.5 J 10.9 W

JOUL E POWE R
0J D.: 163. 5 20.000 J 0% D.: 9.9 100%
S.: 1.0 S.: 1.0

Monitoring of feedback data, (SIVSEA/SCE levels) coming from the tissue change detection system,
present on the handpiece.
Control of the energy absorbed by the patient, to prevent an energetic overdose.

Example of acquisition of an enlarged image of the client's epidermis with Handpiece W200.
The software allows the before and after treatment photographs of the skin to be shot and compared.
The data detected with the W200 handpiece can be saved on a USB stick and transferred to its own
computer file.
 Technical specifications
Optical zoom
up to 200X

Temperature
sensor

With the W200 handpiece to

document the progress
of the treatments
The W200 handpiece allows an analysis to be carried out with a magnification of up
to 200X and an immediate reading of the temperature and humidity of the skin. This
allows the evolution of the treatment to be controlled, thereby allowing the operator
to take “before and after” photos and save them directly to a USB for them to be easily
catalogued in each client folder.
Ergonomic handle and soft touch surfaces.
Technical specifications

Power 200 Watt absorbed

RESISTIVE and TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY

Frequency 480 kHz - continuous
Frequency
CAPACITIVE and TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY
Frequency 480 kHz - Modulated 10 Hz - Dudty Cycle 90%

Type of emission 1/2

Display TFT 10,2 “

Dimensions cm 35x25x28 H

Weight 10 Kg

Class.according to 92/42/CE Class IIb

 Technical specifications
Bipolar kit MANKITSINB

MANDB
Bipolar face handpiece with AISI 316

30 mm
12 mm
stainless steel electrodes for Tecar
treatments, 35mm in diameter.

MANDM2PLIGHT
Bipolar handpiece with AISI 316

25 mm

50 mm
stainless steel electrodes for Tecar
treatments, 50mm in diameter.

Tecar + Tecar -

Massage handpieces MANHAND

MANHAND
Bipolar handpieces with AISI 316 stainless steel
electrodes for Tecar massage treatments, 50mm in
diameter.

Two-pole Handpiece MANDM2LIGHT

MANDM2LIGHT
Bipolar handpiece with AISI 316
50 mm

75 mm

stainless steel electrodes for Tecar

treatments, 50mm in diameter.

Tecar + Tecar -
Technical specifications

Mono-polar kit MANKITSINM

35 mm
MANDM
Single-pole handpiece for Tecar
treatments with interchangeable
electrodes.

55 mm
PG345/35

35 mm
Electrode in AISI 316 stainless steel with
a diameter of 35mm.

PG345/55
55 mm

Electrode in AISI 316 stainless steel with

a diameter of 55mm.

MANDMDISK
55 mm

Electrode cover for disc with a

diameter of 55mm.

WF022
Neutral plate in AISI 316 stainless
steel for treatments with a single-pole
handpiece.

CABWF022
Stainless steel neutral plate cable.
 Technical specifications
Assessment kit KITVAL01

W200
Skin analysis handpiece with optical zoom
up to 200X with an image storage system
directly on USB.

TERCAM
Digital thermal camera for thermographic
detection of the tissues.

Optional accessories

STAWF01
Stand with wheels that makes it easier to
move the device inside the centre.
YOUR VALUE
OUR PASSION
YOUR SUCCESS
 ed. 1 rev.0 11.05.2018 cod. DPTECARCRVMED_ENG
University La Sapienza of Rome,
IFO Hospitaller Physiotherapeutic Institutes-Rome,
Local Health Care Unit of:
Milan, Venice, Palermo, Florence,
Padua, Udine, Treviso

WINFORM Medical Engineering srl

T. +39 0421 222026
info@winformweb.it
www.winformweb.it