CHAPTER 2

DISCIPLINE OF COUNSELING

OBJECTIVES
1. To know the definition of Counseling through KWL Chart.
2. To identify the goals and scope of counseling and
discuss the
core values and principles of counseling through I need Help,
where will I go? In what Way Will Counseling
Empower Me
and Which Counseling Principle I Agree Most?
3. To demonstrate comprehension of counseling
principles
through case analysis Take it from the Expert!

Guide Questions:
1. What are your ideas about counseling?
2. Did you experience counseling? Why?

COUNSELING
Definition of Counseling
Counseling – For Nystul (2003) defined it as basically an art and a science wherein you
endeavor to weigh the objective and subjective facets of the counseling process.
- As an art is the subjective dimension of counseling. It upholds a flexible and
creative process whereby the counselor modifies the approach to meet the
developing needs of the clients.
- As a science, on the other hand, is the objective dimension of the counseling
process.
- In practical terms, counseling happens when a person who is distressed asks
for help and permit another person to enter into a kind of connection with
him/her. It is indicative with formal of someone in search of counseling
requests for time and attention from person who will listen, who will allow
him/her to speak and who will not condemn and criticize him/her.
- Informal helping- is a kind with formal helping in some ways such as presence
of good listening skills, empathy, and caring capacity.

- Based on Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004, guidance and counseling is

 the profession that implicates the application of an integrated approach to the
development of a well-functioning individual through the provision of support
that aids an individual to use his/her potential to the fullest in accord with
his/her interest, needs and abilities. (University of Queensland, 2015).
At the American Counseling Association (ACA) Conference in Pittsburgh in March 2010, the
representatives come to an agreement on a mutual definition of counseling. They agreed that
counseling is a professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families and group to
accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals (Kaplan, Tarvydas, and
Gladding, 2014).

GOALS OF COUNSELING
Goals of Counseling – the key component of individual, group, organizational and
community success
Detailed and expansive counseling goals have been identified by Gibson and Mitchell
(2003), which are as follows:
1. Development Goals – assist in meeting or advancing the clients human growth and
development including social, personal, emotional, cognitive, and physical wellness.
2. Preventive Goals – helps the client avoid some undesired
outcome. 3. Enhancement Goals- enhance special skills and abilities.
4. Remedial Goals – assisting a client to overcome and treat an undesirable
development
5. Exploratory Goals- examining options, testing of skills, trying new and different
activities, etc.
6. Reinforcement Goals- helps client in recognizing, that what they are doing, thinking,
and feeling is fine
7. Cognitive Goals-involves acquiring the basic foundation of learning and cognitive
skills
8. Physiological Goals – involves acquiring the basic understanding and habits for
good health
9. Psychological Goals – aids in developing good social interaction skills, learning
emotional control, and developing positive self – concept.
RELATED VIDEOS:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrLNfbFEIzY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q89zF3QRBA4
https://www.grin.com/document/509545
The presented list of counseling goals, some of which are enhancement of the
above goals.
Goal Description

Insight Understanding of the origins and

development of emotional difficulties ,
leading to an increased capacity to
take rational control over feelings and
actions

Relating with others Becoming better able to form and

maintain meaningful and satisfying
relationships with other people : for
example , within the family or
workplace

Self- awareness Becoming more aware of thoughts

and feelings that had been blocked
off or denied, or developing a more
accurate sense of how self is
perceived by others.

Self- acceptance The development of a positive attitude

toward self, marked by an ability to
acknowledge areas of experience that
had been the subject of self- criticism
and rejection

Self – actualization Moving in the direction of fulfilling

potential or achieving an integration
of previously conflicting parts of
self.

Enlightenment Assisting the client to arrive at a

higher state of spiritual awakening

Problem- Solving Finding a solution to a specific

problem that the client had not been
able to

resolve alone. Acquiring a

general competence in problem
– solving

Psychological education Enabling the client to acquire ideas

 and techniques with which to
understand and control behavior

Acquisition of Social Skills Learning and mastering social and

interpersonal skills such as
maintenance of eye contact , turn
taking in
conversations, assertive, or anger control

Cognitive change The modification or replacement of

irrational beliefs or mal adaptive
thought patterns associated with self-
destructive behavior

Behavior change The modification or replacement of

maladaptive or self- destructive
patterns of behavior.

Systematic change Introducing change into the way in

that social systems operate

Empowerment Working on skills , awareness, and

knowledge that will enable to client
to take control of his or her own life

Restitution Helping the client to make amends

for previous destructive behavior

Generality Inspiring in the person a desire and

capacity to care for others and pass
on knowledge and to contribute to
the collective good through political
engagement

SCOPE OF COUNSELING
The wide ranges of human problems create a widened scope and field of counseling.
Broadly, the scope of counseling includes individual counseling, marital and premarital
counseling, family counseling, and community counseling. A more focused subject
matter related to scope of counseling is the 4757-15 Scope of Practice for Licensed
Professional Counselors. It contains the rights and responsibilities of licensed
counselors including the following:

Licensed Professional Counselors may for a fee, salary, or other considerations

1. Afford counseling services to individuals, groups, organizations, or the general public
compromising of: application of clinical counseling principles, methods, or procedures
to assist individuals in realizing effective personal, social, educational, or career
development and adjustment.
2. “apply clinical counseling principles, methods, and procedures “, means an approach
to counseling that emphasizes the counselor’s role in systematically assisting clients
through all of the following: assessing and analyzing emotional conditions exploring
possible solutions, and developing and providing treatment plan for mental and
 emotional adjustment or development. It may include counseling, appraisal,
consulting, supervision, administration, and referral.
3. Engage in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders when under
the supervision of a professional clinical counselor, psychologist, psychiatrists,
independent marriage and family therapist, or independent social worker.

Source: http:codes.ohio.gov/oac/4757-15
Core Values- is a key component of an organization. It has significant influence on other
organizational components, more specifically, to its members. It serves as standards
that shape the member behavior in their interaction with their clients and other people.
According to Mcleod (2003), the founders of humanistic psychology, including Maslows
and Rogers, highlighted the importance of values.
Ethical Principles of counseling which are follows:
Ethical Principles These are the ideas that underpin
both personal and professional
codes.
1. Autonomy of individuals
⮚ Is based on the right to freedom
of action and freedom of choice
in so far as the pursuit of these
freedom does not interfere with
the freedom of others;
counseling cannot happen
unless the client has made a
free choice to participate

2. Principle of Non maleficence

⮚ This refers to instruction to all
helpers or healers that they
must, above all, do no harm;
⮚ Beneficence refers to the order
to promote human welfare

3. Principle of Justice
⮚ Concerned with the fair
distribution of resources and
services, unless there is some
acceptable reason for treating
them differently

⮚ For counseling, the principle has

particular relevance to the
question access

General Moral Theories ⮚ The BACP Ethical Framework for

Good Practice , drawing on virtues
perspective also identified a set of
personal qualities that all
practitioners should possess:
empathy, sincerity,
integrity, resilience, respect,
humility, competence, fairness,
wisdom and
courage