The Contemporary World
global, process or system by
Cultural Globalization- is the
process through which the
values, ideas, and experiences of
a specific cultural are transmitted
and disseminated across the
world.
Industrial Revolution- the most
popular development in the
modern period of globalization
between 1750CE and 1970CE.
Ideology- is a set of ideas,
beliefs, or principles that shape
and influence an individual or
group’s actions, decisions, and
worldview.
Secularism- the separation of
religion and state.
Progressivism- seeks to advance
the human condition through
social reform based on
advancements in science,
technology, economic
development, and social
organization.
Conservatism- seeks to promote
and to preserve traditional
institutions, practices, and values
which depend on the culture and
civilization in which it appears.
Communism- a political theory
derived from Karl Marx,
advocating class war and leading
to a society in which all property
is publicly owned, and each
person works and is paid
according to their abilities and
needs.
Globalism- is an ideology
reflecting shared ideas, norms,
values accepted as truth.
Democracy- “government of the
people, by the people, for the
people”
International Monetary System- is
a set of conventions and rules
that support cross-border
investments, trade, and the
reallocation of capital between
different countries.
Economy- it can be local or
united by common descent,
which goods and services are
produced, sold, and bought in a
country or region.
World Bank- is an international
organization that provides
financing, advice, and research to
developing nations to help
advance their economies.
International Monetary Fund-
works to achieve sustainable
growth and prosperity for all of its
190 member countries by
supporting economic policies that
promote financial stability and
monetary cooperation, which are
essential to increase productivity,
job creation, and economic well-
being.
Brandt Line- separates the rich
countries in the North from the
poor countries in the South.
Demography- determines the
size, structure, and movements of
populations over space and time.
International Migration- is a type
of migration that occurs when
people cross state boundaries
and stay in a host state for a
certain amount of time.
3500 BCE- the prehistoric period
dates back as early and serves
as the fundamental baseline in
discussing the historical
landscape of globalization.
Economic Globalization- is the
growing interdependence of the
world’s economies, cultures, and
populations, brought about by
cross-border trade in goods and
services, technology, and flows of
investment, people, and
information.
Gross Domestic Product- is the
total value of everything produced
within a country’s borders.
Traditionalists- think of
globalization as a myth rather
than a significant event.
Nation- is a community of people
history, culture, of language,
inhabiting a particular country or
territory.
State- is a community formed by
people practicing permanent
power within a specified territory.
Tariff- is an example of a trade
barrier.
Merchandise Trade- is the most
popular product that is frequently
by countries in the emerging
international market.
Nation-State- is a system of
organization where people with a
common identity live inside a
country with firm borders and a
single government.
Globalism- religion is concerned
with the sacred, while globalism
places value on material wealth.
Emperor Ferdinand II- the
primary cause of the Thirty Year’s
War was the actions of Emperor
Ferdinand II in forcing the
protestants into Catholicism.
Fundamentalist- believe that their
religion is beyond any form of
critic and should therefore also be
forced upon others.
GATT- reduce the tariffs with
other members.
WWF- global civil society.
Karl Marx- false consciousness.
Conservatism- traditional values
and against social change.
Feminism- equal rights between
men and women.
Islam- Sharia
Demographics- age, gender, and
income
Global Giants- new york city,
Tokyo, London
Euro- European union
Inflation- increase price level of
goods/services
6 MAIN DIMENSION OF
GLOBALIZATION
1. Ideological Dimension of
Globalization
2. Social Dimension of
Globalization
3. Economic Dimension of
Globalization
4. Political Dimension of
Globalization
5. Environmental /
Ecological Dimension of
Globalization
6. Technological Dimension
of Globalization
4 MAIN REASON WHY STUDY
GLOBALIZATION
1. Understanding the
interconnectedness of
the world
2. Analyzing the benefits
and challenges of
globalization
3. Preparing for global
careers
4. Promoting intercultural
understanding
6 CORE CLAIMS OF
GLOBALIZATION
1. Globalization is about the
liberalization and global
integration of markets
2. Globalization is inevitable
and irreversible
3. Nobody is in-charge of
globalization
4. Globalization benefits
everyone
5. Globalization furthers the
spread of democracy in
the world
6. Globalization requires
war on terror
QUIZ #3
Check or Wrong
1. Innovations and
sustainability are key
determinants of the
current civilization and
continue to influence man
and his environment.
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
is an automated
motorized tool which
aims to improve the
quality of lives of people.
3. Cyber security is an
illegal act and behavior
done by means of
electronic material
directed towards the
security of computer
systems.
4. The invention of
computers as well as the
development of the
internet provided as the
essential lift for modern
th
technology on the 20
century years.
5. Computer revolution help
people do their work
efficiently and it also
demoted human beings
into lazy thinkers.
6. Modern technologies
signal the impressive
transformation of
business companies that
is currently taking over
the world.
7. Global environmental
agreements are
considered as binding
arrangements between 2
or more parties to protect
global environment.
8. Greenpeace is a
membership union
composed of
governments and civil
society organizations.
9. Demographic change is
one of the most common
drivers of environmental
issues that lead to an
increased demand for
food, water, and energy.
10. The notion of the
“Tragedy of the
Commons” underscores
the vulnerability of the
common resources to the
abusive nature of the
human population.
Industrial Revolution- a
phenomenon that refers to the
dramatic innovations in
manufacturing, mining,
transportation, and
communications.
Cybersecurity- is the best solution
for the protection of the digital
business data, and to avoid
cyberattacks.
Climate change- it is considered
as the most prominent and
controversial environmental issue
now.
Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR)- also
known as Kagawaran ng
Kapaligiran at Likas na Yaman.
Machine Learning (ML)- involves
training machines that performs
tasks without being performed.
Digital Media- it is said to be the
oldest type of mass
communication which includes
newspapers, magazines,
booklets and brochures and
billboards.
Greenpeace International- is an
independent campaigning
organization that employs
innovative means in protecting
the global environment.
Economic Growth- is the issue
that arises which can lead to
overconsumption and create an
imbalance between supply and
demand.
Ecological Dimension- it
emphasizes the different
environmental issues that
seriously impinged on the
development efforts of several
countries.
Technological Dimension- it
highlights the overriding
importance of modern
technologies to the evolving
process of globalization.
ECOLOGICAL DIMENSION OF
GLOBALIZATION
Ecology- deals with the
interaction of organism and their
environment.
Goal of Ecology- to improve the
understanding of life cycle and
processes, development and
adaptation, and the interaction of
biodiversity.
Global Ecology- the behavior and
interaction among ecosystems.
Community Ecology- the
structure of the community.
Human Ecology- concerns how
humans evolve, behave, and
affect the environment.
Population Ecology- emphasizes
the study in the fluctuation of
population, growth, immigration,
death, and density of the
population around the
community.
Ecological Effect- cultural values
impact how people view the
environment.
Demographic Changes-
uncontrolled population growth
affects the worldwide reduction of
biodiversity.
Hazardous Waste Management-
potentially dangerous by products
of a wide range of activities from
manufacturing, farming, water
treatment system etc.
Pattern of Consumption- being
pattern based on categories of
products, such as food, clothing
and discretionary items.
Global Warming- results into
greenhouse effect that made the
world warmer.
Loss Biodiversity- decrease in
biodiversity within a species, an
ecosystem, a given geographic
are, on earth as a whole.
CURRENT TRENDS
1. Inflation Rate
2. Deforestation
3. Unemployment rate
United Nations Environment
Programme- a designated
authority of the United Nations
system that was created in 1972
to serve as the linchpin of the
institution on environment related
issues.
International Union for
Conservation of Nature- it is an
environmental organization that
serves as the purpose of
protecting the global
environment.
Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change- a crucial
environmental organization that
provides a scientific assessment
on the nature of climate change.
World Nature Organization-
recently created organization
which supports the emerging and
developing countries to confront
the worsening effect of climate
change
Greenpeace Organization- an
independent campaigning
organization that preserves the
ability of the earth to nurture life
in all its diversity.
World Wildlife Fund- one of the
popular conservation
organizations that maintain its
presence in more than 100
countries-helping people to
survive the environmental
challenges.
EXAMPLES OF TRAGEDY OF
THE COMMON:
1. Coffee consumption
2. Overfishing
3. Fast fashion
4. Traffic congestion
5. Groundwater use
WAYS TO AVOID THE
TRAGEDY OF THE COMMON:
 Finding alternative and
sustainable products
 Develop a sustainable
mindset
 Preventing
overconsumption
Loss of Biodiversity- one of the
pressing environmental issues
that the international community
is facing right now. Results from
the destruction of natural habitats
in both land and water.
Decline of Fresh Water- is
another environmental issue that
requires the attention of the
members of the international
community. Brought about by the
changing climate change and
growing number of pollutions.
Deforestation- results from the
conversion of forest lands into
farms or urban landscapes.
Pollution- it is caused by
contaminants released from
vehicles and other similar
sources.
TECHNOLOGICAL DIMENSION
OF GLOBALIZATION
Technology- one of the
commonly quoted words
employed by writers who reported
about the development of tools.
David Kaplan- technology
pertains to a system that
combines a number of techniques
and activities with implements
and artifacts.
st
1 industrial revolution
(mechanization, water power,
steam power)- an offshoot of a
long series of developments that
preoccupied England in the
th
second half of the 18 century.
nd
2 industrial revolution (mass
production assembly line,
electricity)- started in 1851 and
lasted until after the first world
war in 1917. Steam strains and
steamships-Telegraph cable
system.
rd
3 industrial revolution (computer
and automation)- emerged in the
1950s and capitalized the
application of information
technology that includes
microelectronics, computers, and
communications. Internet
 th
4 industrial revolution (cyber
physical system)- the latest
iteration in a series of industrial
revolutions, featuring a new set of
disruptive technologies that builds
upon the modern innovations of
the third industrial revolution.
Robot and Artificial Intelligence-
3D Printing.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)- consists
in building intelligent machines
capable of performing tasks that
usually require human wisdom.
Edge computing and Quantum
computing- uses encryption to
secure any data traversing the
network back to the cloud or data
center.
Blockchain- allows digital
information to be cataloged and
circulated but not edited or
altered, which is the primary
advantage if using blockchain.
Blockchain: the bitcoin- the
purchase and sale of bitcoin is
entered and transmitted to a
network of powerful computers,
known as nodes.
Augmented Reality (AR)- adds
digital elements to an existing live
view by often using the camera
on a smartphone.
Virtual Reality (VR)- is an
experiences that replaces a real-
life environment with a simulated
environment.
POSITIVE IMPACTS OF
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES
 Improvement in the
administration of the
government
 How business companies
work or operate
 Health improvement of
the human population
 Providing quality
education to students
 Providing a safe and
reliable transportation
and communication
system
NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES
 Hacking of privacy and
identity of individuals or
groups
 Limited access and
engagement of people to
modern technologies
 Lack of collaboration and
information sharing
 Lack of protection and
security
Media- had already occupied the
spaces of a number of
publications that helped
described the emergence of a
new social issue in the
international community.
Media Today- the medium takes
the form of sophisticated
technologies that facilitate the
process of communication among
different individuals stages.
 Oral communication
 Script
 Printing press
 Electronic media
 Digital media
Influence of Media- economic,
politics, culture
Internet and Globalization
 Internet as a medium for
globalization
- Email messages,
Chatting, Online
Media, Social
Networking Sites
 History of the internet
- Advance research
projects agency
(ARPA) 1969
- American scientist
connected two
computers
- Creation of
ARPANET
 Electronic Mail (email)
- “@” sending
messages to a
specific person at a
specific address
 Chatting
- Started in the 1990s
which made the
internet
 Online media
 Social media
 Internet-other practical
innovations
- Online shopping – e-
commerce
- Ride-hailing platform
– provides city-
travellers
Digital Globalization- globalization
will continue to adjust and
advance amidst all the negative
developments that are taking
place in the international
community.
st
Globalization in the 21 Century-
st
21 century globalization will
largely be defined by modern
technologies, digital technologies
in particular and will likely
facilitate cross-border
transactions with the flow of date
and information.
TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE
WORLD
Sustainability- is the ability to
exist and develop without
depleting natural resources for
the future. It is concerned with
protecting the planet, halting
climate change, and promoting
social development, without
endangering life on Earth or
leaving anyone behind.
Conservation- it simply refers to
keeping something safe. It
involves the preservation of
biological and ecological
resources.
Three main principles in defining
Conservation:
1. Maintaining essential
ecological processes and
life support systems
2. Preserving genetic
diversity
3. Ensuring the sustainable
utilization of species and
ecosystems
Development- is a process that
creates growth, progress, positive
change, or the addition of
physical, economic,
environmental, social, and
demographic components.
Sustainable Development-
process of organizing a society in
order to make it productive and
sustainable over the course of
time.
Rio+20 Conference- also known
as the United Nations Conference
on Sustainable Development
(UNCSD), took place in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil, from June 20 to
22, 2012. Enables the global
community to evaluate progress,
pinpoint gaps, and reaffirm the
commitment to putting
sustainable development policies
into action at the international,
regional, national, and local
below-national scales.
Two major topics identified for
Rio+20:
 Green economy
 Institutional
framework for
sustainable
development
2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development (17 goals)- aims to
achieve gender equality, the
empowerment of all women and
girls, the eradication of hunger
and poverty, full and productive
employment, access to excellent
education, and universal health
coverage. It also aims to stop
environmental degradation.
1. No poverty
2. No hunger
3. Good health
4. Quality education
5. Gender equality
6. Clean water and
sanitation
7. Renewable energy
8. Good jobs and economic
growth
9. Innovation and
infrastructure
10. Reduce inequalities
11. Sustainable cities and
communities
12. Responsible
consumption
13. Climate action
14. Life below water
15. Life on land
16. Peace and justice
17. Partnerships for the goals
Road to a Sustainable World-
human needs would be satisfied
in a sustainable world without
causing ongoing environmental
harm or compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their
own needs.
Events leading to a Sustainable
World:
 Brundtland Report
Also known as “our common
future”. Consolidated the years of
continuous research and
discussions about sustainable
development that ended with its
publications and dissemination to
all members of the international
community.
 Rio Earth Summit
It is not a conventional gathering
in 1992 as it attempted to develop
a global framework to address
the declining condition of the
global environment it’s impressive
outputs speak for its remarkable
accomplishments.
 Rio +5 Conference
Called to evaluate the
implementation of the
commitments that were made in
the previous World Conference
on Environment and
Development.
 Rio +10 Conference
Also known as World Summit on
Sustainable Development. The
purpose was to make a
comprehensive evaluation of the
commitments that were identified
during the United Nations
Conference on Environment and
Development.
 Rio +20 Conference
Starter with the assumption that
the previous conferences on
sustainable development were
not able to meet their strategic
objectives in spite of the
continued support that came from
a number of countries and private
institutions.
Sustainable World- the series of
conferences on sustainable
development that emerged from
1992 until 2012 paved the way to
a more sustainable-conscious
st
world at the beginning of the 21
century.
Don Clifton 2009- suggested that
the definition of a sustainable
world should be approached in a
manner that reflects the notion of
pluralism.
Clifton’s Fundamental
Concepts
 Pluralism
means a situation where people
of different races, social classes,
religions, and cultures live
together in a society. The term
also means the existence of
many different groups of people
in one society or the belief that it
is possible for different groups of
people to live together in peace in
one society. Pluralism deals with
respect for diversity in different
aspects of life.
 Reformism
speaks about developments that
are not excessive by their very
nature.
 Transformationalism
points to the more sweeping and
far-reaching developments that
characterize the condition of a
sustainable world.
2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development
- popularly also known as
"Sustainable Development
Goals".
- describes the conditions of a
sustainable world. It sets the
parameters for how the notion of
a sustainable world can be
achieved in the foreseeable
future.
- it is a comprehensive action
plan designated to achieve a
better and more sustainable
future for all people by the year
2030.
- the 2030 Agenda does not
discriminate as it recognizes the
essential role that the developed
and developing countries will play
in the accomplishment of its
overall goals and targets.
- the 2030 Agenda is a universal
template comprised of 17 goals
and 169 targets that represent
the aspirations of all the members
of the international community in
pursuing the concept of a
sustainable world.
In the Environmental Area
- the 2030 Agenda urges
countries to be more aggressive
in combatting climate change and
protecting oceans, seas, and
marine resources.
- persuades countries to
sustainably manage forests,
combat desertification, reverse
land degradation, and halt
biodiversity loss.
In the Political Areas
- they touch more on the concept
of global governance and
partnership for sustainable
development.
“These goals and targets are
important components of the
2030 Agenda as they remind
countries and their governments
of their role in pursuing a
sustainable world.”

In the Social Area

- The 2030 Agenda emphasizes

the need to end the decades-old
problem of poverty and hunger
and calls for ensuring healthy
lives and inclusive quality
education for all.

- Promote gender equality as well

as the sustainable management
of water and sanitation.

In the Economic Area

- the 2030 Agenda calls for

ensuring access to affordable and
sustainable modern energy and
the promotion of inclusive and
sustainable economic growth.

- promote sustainable
industrialization, reduce inequality
among counties, make cities
inclusive, and ensure sustainable
patterns of production and
consumption.