engine general part

top end
bottom end

engine parts
engine - block - rotating assembly - bearing- crank shaft - push rod

drive train component

engine - clutch - transmission- drive shaft -differential -axial -wheels

anatomy

body (foundation) /frame (doors,etc)

engine (usually at the front) - generates mechanical work --> torque (flywheel) -->
transmission
internal combustion engine (ICE) - most common type used on car (power from
gas/diesel/other)
hybrid motors/electric motors
-parts: cylinders, valves
cycle: intake ,compression, power(comb),exhaust
subsystem: intake, exhaust, fuel supply, cooling systems and others.

transmission (drivetrain) - connects engine to drive wheels. classified based on

gearbox
manual gearbox- driver select gears
automatic - up and down
front wheel drive
manual transmission has ((manual gearbox, clutch, final drive))>same casing and
differential, axle shaft.
engine+transmission = powertrain
rear wheel drive
Transfer case> propeller shaft > final drive and differential > axle drive

suspension system (spring), wheels and tires

absorbs impact from various bumps
tire- solid rubber
interior - rubber
wheel - holds the rubber
wheel hub- holds the wheel itself
coil spring-
shock absorbers -
suspension links, arms and beams
antiroll bars
subframe, bushings

rear side
torsion beam/bar

control systems
steering system - change direction of car movement
braking system - slow/stop car
engine control - alter engine torque
transmission control - disconnect the engine and transmission and select the
desired gear mode
electrical system
power sources (battery and generator)
power consumers (head lights, starter motor, engine control
electrical wirings
auxiliary elements (relay and fuse box, buttons)

engine subsystem and climatic equipment

----

hood- covers the engine

piston - power house of an engine
piston movement - stroke
stroke 1- intake- air mixture with fuel from intake port > intake valve (open) >
cylinder
stroke 2- compression - intake valve (closed)
stroke 3- power/combustion- electrical spark ignites compressed air-fuel mixture
which leads to push cylinder at the bottom.
cylinder connects with connecting rod to crank shaft
stroke 4 - exhaust- piston come up. exhaust valve opens> exhaust port

cams

camshaft with cams pushes spring loaded valves.

cam gear/timing belt/chain connects to camshaft
RPM - revolutions per minute of camshaft
engine block - hold crankshaft and cylinders
cylinder head - holds valves, ports, cams, etc
air intake-air filter-intake manifold-intake port

fuel

oil-oil tank-fuel pump - fuel filter- engine zone - fuel injectors (spray of gas) -
intake port

cooling of engines
antifreeze used for cooling of engines. cools using a radiator (has small tubes and
fins). water pump keeps the flow.
Thermostat -regulates cooling temperature. This valve regulates the coolant
circulating to the engine.
The thermostat also controls how much coolant is cooled depending on how hot the
engine is.

electrical
spark plug - ignites air-fuel mixture for combustion
coil packs - delivers electrical current to spark plugs
engine control module (ECM) - computer directs spark timing, valves open/close ,
air-fuel ratio, etc.
alternator - works as generator (mechanical work to electrical)
battery - provides power for starter for engine start
oil -lubricate and prevent corrosion, cooling
oil pump - for oil flow used for engine lubrication.
oil filter - to clean oil from contaminants

exhaust manifold- collects exhaust to one pipe

catalytic converter - catches toxic chemical
muffler- reduces exhaust noise.
----
fluids

engine oil

brake fluid

engine coolant

transmission fluid

power steering fluid

transfer case fluid

differential fluid

windshield water fluid

diesel exhaust fluid

Crankshaft at the bottom of piston

Camshaft at the top of piston

Spark plug in gasoline engine

Glow plug in diesel engine

Note

Maintenance basics

eye protection
Avoid loose hair, clothing
Avoid jewelries and necklace
Beware of moving parts such as belts
Dont go under a vehicle when its not properly lifted
Battery fluid acidic
Manual has specific lifting points
Make sure ground is firm, so jack wont slip off
Needed tools: flashlight, socket wrench, wrench set, oil filter wrench, lug nut
wrench, screwdriver (philips head and flattipped) ,Tire spare, jack lift, jack
stand, pry bar, hammer, test light (to check fuses), funnel, drain pan, tire
pressure gauge, owners manual

If battery has many corrosion should be replaced.

Excessive discharging of battery without engine running can ruin the battery life.

If battery fluid low, add distilled water

When disconnecting battery, remove negative first

Glass tube fuse for old vehicle

Flat type fuse for modern vehicle
Color coded flat fuses indicate amperage
Many types of flat fuses

Diesel engine more efficient. More energy produced. Higher compression. Higher
torque. Higher speed. Given the same volume. Higher CO2 emission.

Light names/position

Clean air filter preserve fuel economy

Tachometer- for engine speed in rpm

Wear bar. depth between lines of wheel for indication of wear and replacement.

engine cooling is done to avoid overheating and electrolysis of metals

carburetor