Science, Technology, and Society
SECOND SEMESTER | MIDTERM | A.Y 2022-2023
LESSON 1: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND
SOCIETY
• The study of how social, political, and
cultural values affect scientific research
and technological innovation and these
in turn affect society , politics, and
culture.
• Refers to the endless cycle of co-
dependence, co-influence, co-production
of technology and society upon the other.
1. MAN’S ACHIEVEMENTS IN S&T
1. Discovery - the recognition and careful
observation of new natural objects and
phenomena.
2. Invention - is a mental process wherein
man’s various discoveries and
observation, combined and guided by
experience, lead man to make some
other new ways (operations) and means
(tools) of obtaining things useful or
profitable.
WHAT IS SCIENCE?
• Knowledge acquired by careful
observation, by deduction ( logic reasons
to form a conclusion ) of the laws which
govern changes and condition and by
testing this deduction by
experimentation.
• The systematic study of the structure and
behavior of the physical and natural
world through observation and
experimentation.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
• is a series of processes that people can
use to gather knowledge about the world
around them, improve that knowledge,
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY
and, through gaining knowledge, attempt
to explain why and/or how things occur.
Steps in Scientific Method
1. Identifying the problem
SCI1
2. Gather and study information about the
problem.
3. Formulate hypothesis.
4. Test the hypothesis.
5. Conclusion
BRANCHES OF SCIENCE
1. Natural Science - seeks to understand
the natural world and different
processes.
a. Physical Science – Chemistry,
Physics, Earth Science…
b. Biological Science – Zoology,
Botany, Anatomy…
2. Social Science - study of people,
culture, societies
- Economics, Geography, History…
TECHNOLOGY
• the use of science in industry,
engineering . . .etc. to invent useful
things or to solve problems.
• entities both material and immaterial,
created by the application of mental and
physical effort in order to achieve some
value.
• The term technology is mostly used in
three different contexts:
o when referring to a tool.
o a technique
o Cultural force
SOCIETY
• is a group of individuals involved in
persistent social interaction, or a large
social group sharing the same social
territory.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
1. Stone Age
o The Stone Age marks a period of
prehistory in which humans used
 primitive stone tools. Lasting
roughly 2.5 million years, the
Stone Age ended around 5,000
years ago
o It is typically broken into three
distinct periods: the Paleolithic
Period, Mesolithic Period and
Neolithic Period.
▪ The Paleolithic was an
age of purely hunting and
gathering.
▪ The Mesolithic period the
development of agriculture
contributed to the rise of
permanent settlements.
▪ The later Neolithic period
is distinguished by the
domestication of plants and
animals.
o All humans were hunter-
gatherers.
o 1st major technologies were tied
to survival, hunting and food
preparation.
o Technological development
during this period
▪ Fire
▪ Stone
▪ Weapons
▪ Clothing
2. Copper and Bronze Age
o The Bronze Age spanned from
3,300 to 1,200 BCE and is
characterized by the use of
copper and its alloy bronze as the
chief hard materials in the
manufacturing of implements and
weapons. This period ended with
further advancements in
metallurgy, such as the ability to
smelt iron ore.
o Ancient Sumerians in the Middle
East may have been the first
people to enter the Bronze Age.
Humans made many technological
advances during the Bronze Age,
including the first writing systems
and the invention of the wheel. In
the Middle East and parts of Asia,
the Bronze Age lasted from
roughly 3300 to 1200 B.C., ending
abruptly with the near-
simultaneous collapse of several
prominent Bronze Age
civilizations.
3. Iron Age
o The Iron Age was a period in
human history that started
between 1200 B.C. and 600 B.C.,
depending on the region, and
followed the Stone Age and
Bronze Age. During the Iron Age,
people across much of Europe,
Asia and parts of Africa began
making tools and weapons from
iron and steel. For some societies,
including Ancient Greece, the start
of the Iron Age was accompanied
by a period of cultural decline.
o Involved the adaptation of iron
smelting technology.
o Generally replaced bronze and
made it possible to produce tools
which were stronger and cheaper
to make than equivalent.
o The Iron age was the last major
step before the development of
written language.
4. Ancient Civilization’
o Ancient history as a term refers to
the aggregate of past events from
the beginning of writing and
recorded human history and
extending as far as the post-
classical history.
o The 10 Oldest Ancient
Civilizations That Have Ever
Existed:
a. Mesopotamian Civilization
Civilization Name:
Mesopotamian civilization
Period: 3500 BC–500 BC
Original Location: Northeast
by the Zagros mountains,
southeast by the Arabian
plateau
Current Location: Iraq, Syria,
and Turkey
 Meaning: Land between rivers
(ancient Greek)
Major Highlights: First
civilization in the
World
b. Indus Valley Civilization
Civilization Name: Indus
Valley civilization
Period: 3300 BC–1900 BC
Original Location: Around the
basin of the Indus River
Current Location: Northeast
Afghanistan to Pakistan and
northwest India
Major Highlights: One of the
most widespread civilizations,
covering 1.25 million km
c. Ancient Egyptian Civilization
Civilization Name: Egyptian
civilization
Period: 3150 BC–30 BC
Original Location: Banks of
the Nile
Current Location: Egypt
Major Highlights:
Construction of pyramids
d. Maya Civilization
Civilization Name: Maya
civilization
Period: 2600 BC–900 AD
Original Location: Around
present-day Yucatan
Current Location: Yucatan,
Quintana Roo, Campeche,
Tabasco, and Chiapas in
Mexico and south through
Guatemala, Belize, El
Salvador, and Honduras
Major Highlights: Complex
understanding of astronomy
e. Chinese Civilization
Civilization Name: Chinese
civilization
Period: 1600 BC–1046 BC
Original Location: Yellow
River and Yangtze region
Current Location: Country of
China
Major Highlights: Invention of
paper and silk
f. Ancient Greek Civilization
Civilization Name: Greek
civilization
Period: 2700 BC–479 BC
Original Location: Italy, Sicily,
North Africa, and as far west
as France
Current Location: Greece
Major Highlights: Concepts of
democracy and the Senate,
the Olympics
g. Persian Civilization
Civilization Name: Persian
civilization
Period: 550 BC–331 BC
Original Location: Egypt in
the west to Turkey in the north,
and through Mesopotamia to
the Indus River in the east
Current Location: Modern-
day Iran
Major Highlights: Royal Road
h. Roman Civilization
Civilization Name: Roman
civilization
Period: 550 BC–465 AD
Original Location: Village of
the Latini
Current Location: Rome
Major Highlights: Most
powerful ancient civilization
i. Aztec Civilization
Civilization Name: Aztec
civilization
Period: 1345 AD–1521 AD
Original Location:
Southcentral region of
pre-Columbian Mexico
Current Location: Mexico
Major Highlights: Nahuatl
became the major language.
j. Incan Civilization
Civilization Name: Incan
civilization
Period: 1438 AD–1532 AD
Original Location: Present-
day Peru
 Current Location: Ecuador,
Peru, and Chile
Major Highlights: Largest
empire in South America in the
pre-Columbian era
5. Medieval Age
o Birth of an idea
o The rise of Islam
6. Renaissance
o Is a French word which means
rebirth.
o Refers to a period in European
civilization that was marked by a
revival of classical learning and
wisdom after a long period of
cultural decline and stagnation.
o Age of exploration
7. Industrial Revolution
o Characterized by the
developments in the areas of
textile manufacturing, metallurgy
and transport driven by the
development of the steam engine.
8. Nineteenth Century
o saw the birth of science as a
profession.
o Rapid development of chemical,
electrical, petroleum and steel
technologies connected with
highly structured technology
research.
9. Twentieth Century
o one of the prominent traits of the
20th century was the dramatic
growth of technology.
10. Twenty-First Century
o Technology is being developed
even more rapidly, marked
progress in almost all fields of
science and technology.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
The history of science and technology in the
Philippines started way back before the country
gained its independence from the American
Colonization.
I. The Early inhabitants of the
archipelago had their own culture
and traditions.
o Own belief system and
indigenous knowledge
o Keeps them organized and
sustained their lives and
communities for many years.
II. Pre-Spanish Era (5000-1521 BC)
o Medicinal and therapeutic
properties plants and methods
of extracting
o Alphabet
o Weighing Measurement
o Calendar
o Farming, fishing
o Ship building
III. Spanish Colonial Era (1521-1891)
o Formal education
o Parish school (religion ,
reading, writing , arithmetic ,
and music)
o Modern agriculture
o Study of medicine
o Building churches, roads,
bridges, and ports
IV. American Period
o More influence in the
Development of Science and
Technology
o Public Education System
o Improved engineering works
and health of the people
o Mineral resources where
exposed and exploited.
V. World War II
o The country had a difficult time
to rebuild itself from ruins of
the war.
VI. New Republic
o Focusing on using its limited
resources in improving
Science and Technology
o Use of overseas development
allocation to improve scientific
productivity and technological
capability.
o Human resource Development
 FILIPINO SCIENTIST WHO HAS
CONTRIBUTED TO SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
1. Angel Alacala
o the National Scientist noted for his
work in marine and aquatic
biology.
o He was recognized on amphibians
and reptiles’ diversity and marine
biodiversity in the country.
o He is behind the invention of
artificial coral reefs to be used for
fisheries in Southeast Asia
2. Gavino Trono
o National Scientist of the
Philippines for the contribution to
the study of topical marine
phycology (scientific study of
algae)
3. Eduardo Quisumbing
o a botanist who graduated MS in
Botany at UP and PhD in Plant
Taxonomy Systematic and
Morphology
4. Dioscorro L. Umali
o An agriculturist that was dubbed
as the Father of Philippine Plant
due to the program he conducted.
5. Teodoro Agoncillo
o A Filipino historian and received
the National Scientist award for
the contributions in the field of
history
TERMS
Taxonomy is a system of describing the way in
which different living things are related by
putting them in groups.
Morphology is the study of the form and
structure of animals and plants or any of its
parts.
LESSON 2: INTELLECTUAL OR SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
• it was the period of enlightenment when
the development in the fields of
mathematics , physics , astronomy,
biology, and chemistry transform the
views of society.
• is the time when advancements of
science and technology changed
people’s perception and beliefs.
IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
1. Led to the creation of new research fields
in science.
2. Transformed the natural world and the
world of ideas.
THINGS THAT DRIVE THE SCIENTISTS IN
ALL PERIODS OF TIME
1. Creativity
2. Curiosity
3. Critical Thinking
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS (1473-1553)
• Astronomer, mathematician, and
cathedral canon
• Proposed the heliocentric theory.
• “On the Revolutions of the Celestial
Spheres”
• Used geometry to prove the heliocentric
theory.
• The Father of Modern Astronomy
• Copernicus placed the planets in order of
increasing distance from the Sun.
• HELIOCENTRIC – the Sun is the center
of the Universe (Copernicus)
• GEOCENTRIC - the Earth is the center
of the Universe (Ptolemy)
GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642)
• Astronomer, mathematician, physicist
• The first modern scientist
• “Dialogo” and “Two New Sciences”
• Tried by the Inquisition for heresy.
• The Father of Modern Science
• 15 Feb. 1564 , Pisa, Italy
• An Italian astronomer, mathematician,
physicist, and professor
• He supported Copernicus theory that the
sun is the center on the universe.
Inventions of Galileo Galilei
o Spaced Telescope
 o Thermometer
o Pendulum Clock
o Military Clock
Discovery of Galileo Galilei using his
telescope
o Jupiter’s four moons (Europa,
Callisto, Ganymede, io)
o Moon’s craters and mountains
o Phases of Venus
o The stars on the milky way
Other Contributions:
1. Law of Falling Bodies – regardless of its
weight and shape, objects fall at the same
rate.
2. First who developed the concept of
inertia.
CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882)
• Father of Evolution
• Evolution - is when populations and
species of organisms change over time.
• Naturalist
• Proposed that species can change over
time.
• New species come from pre-existing
species and that all species share a
common ancestor.
• Each species has its own unique set of
heritable (genetic) differences from the
common ancestor.
• Repeated branching events in which new
species split off from a common
ancestor, produce a multi-level “tree” that
links all living organisms.
Mechanism for Evolution:
1. Natural Selection
o It explained how population
evolve in such a way that they
became better suited to their
environments over time .
Darwin’s Theory Based on the
Following Observation:
1. Traits are often heritable.
2. More offspring are produced than can
survive.
3. Offspring vary their heritable traits.
Darwin’s books:
1. The Origin of Species
o It presented evidence on how
species evolved over time and
presented the traits and
adaptation that differentiate
species.
2. The Descent of Man
o It is about the idea of all
organic life, including human
beings, under the realms of
plants evolutionary thinking.
• He joined a five-year voyage through the
HMS BEAGLE on the Island of
GALAPAGOS
SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)
• Father of Psychoanalysis
• Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist
• Famous figure in the field of psychology
• His focus is about the human sexuality
and the evil nature of man.
• In our childhood have a great influence
on our adult lives, shaping our
personality.
• The personality is made up of three
structure or psyche systems:
1. Id
2. Ego
3. Superego
• 3 structures of personality or psyche:
1. Id (Unconscious Psychic Energy)
o is the part of the personality
structure that includes a
human’s basic needs,
instinctual drives such as sex ,
hunger, aggressiveness. it is
based on pleasure principle to
avoid pain or displeasure and
to obtain pleasure.
2. Ego (Executive Mediator)
o component of personality
responsible for dealing with
reality
o attempts to meditate between
the id and superego.
 o in its relation to the id, the ego
seeks pleasure and avoids
pain when appropriate outlet is
found but unlike the id, ego is
concerned with devising a
realistic strategy to get
pleasure.
3. Superego (Internalized Ideals)
o It is the values, social rules
and morals of the society
which are learned from
people’s parents and others.
o The function is to control the
id’s impulses such as social
prohibition, taboos, sex, and
aggression.
• 3 Essential Systems of Mind
1. Conscious Mind
o present awareness
2. Preconscious Mind
o outside awareness but
accessible
3. Unconscious Mind
o is the primary source of human
behavior. The most important
part of the mind is the part you
cannot see.
Our feelings, motives and
decisions are actually
powerfully influenced by our
past experiences and stored
in the unconscious.
Id (Unconscious) Superego (Values /
Morals)
”I want it now.”
”Nice people don’t
do that.”
Ego (Reality /
Mediator)
”Maybe I can find a
compromise.”
• 5 Psychosexual Stages of Freud
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital
MESOAMERICA: THE INCA
• 13th century
• A small group of people living high in the
Andres mountains of down into the valley
of Curzio in southeastern Peru.
• 200 years later population grown into
16m covering most of the Andres.
• It developed without the currency, the
wheel, or a written form of
communication.
• Quipu – for record keeping.
• Inca Rope Bridge
• Capac-nan – Inca Highway System.
• Inca Crops Terraces
• Inca Inventions:
o Capac-Nan
▪ The passageways
covered in fine paving
stones known as the
created bridges were
organic and
biodegradable.(rebuilt
every year)
o Khipus or Quipus
▪ A communication
device where verbal
message conveyed by
runner, consists of cord
from which a knotted
string varies its length
and color.
▪ Used for record keeping
according to a decimal
system.
o Crop Terraces
▪ Incas lack level fields.
To solve this problem,
they developed a
system of terraces that
they constructed
throughout the empire
like giant green
staircases.
 MESOAMERICA: MAYAN
o famous as one of the world’s first
civilization
o systems of mathematics (created number
system; concept of zero, numeral 20)
o advance understanding about Astronomy
o writing system is hieroglyphics.
o Mayan’s three kinds of calendars:
o Solar Calendar
▪ year of 365 days (haab)
governed the
agricultural cycle.
o Sacred or Ritual Calendar
▪ Year of 260 days
o Long Count Calendar
▪ Cyclical basic unit is
tun, 360 days.
MESOAMERICA: AZTECS (THE MEXICA)
• Named by German explorer and
naturalist Alexander von Humboldt in
early19th century.
• Tenochtitlan - the city that carried
Mesoamerican civilization to its height.
• Nahualt – Aztec language
• No money or currency
• Mandatory education
• Aztecs Contribution
o Chocolates
▪ Used as currency and
for barter.
o Herbal Medicine
▪ Used to prevent muscle
spasms.
o Aztec Calendar or Mexica
Calendar
▪ Xiuhpohualli – 365
days
▪ Tonalpohualli – 260
days
▪ (Neither solar nor lunar)
o Canoe
▪ A light narrow boat
o Chinampas
▪ Floating islands of soil for
Aztec agricultural farming
technology.
ASIA: CHINA
• Abacus
o an ancient invention
• Acupuncture
o a method of relieving pain or
curing illness by placing needles
into persons skin at particular
points.
• The Great Wall of China
o one of the wonders of the world
built by Emperor Qin (221-207BC)
to tend off the invasion of from the
Mongols.
4 GREATEST INVENTIONS
• Navigational Compass
o This is a tool that many argue
helped usher in the age of
exploration in Europe. It was
common place on Chinese ships
in the 11th century. Used for Feng
Shui.
• Gunpowder
o one of the most impactful
inventions on the modern world.
• Paper (Ba BooHua)
o Across the world there have been
a lot of cultures who have created
types of paper and parchment, but
the modern paper we use today is
a Chinese invention.
• Block Printing
o the process of object to make an
inked impression upon a flat
surface.
OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS
1. Tea
2. Row crop farming
3. Silk
4. Porcelain
5. Medicine
6. Math
7. Rudders
8. Wheel brow
9. Umbrella
10. Iron
11. Calligraphy
 12. Seismograph
• Astronomy
o observations of comets, solar
eclipses & supernovas
ASIA: INDIA
• Ayurveda
o a system of traditional medicine
• Susruta Samhita
o different surgical and other
medical procedures
• Aryabhata
o Indian mathematician introduced
Trigonometric Functions, Tables,
and Algorithm of Algebra
• Use of Zero
o as placeholder and decimal digit
• Astronomy
o mean latitudes of the planets :
risings and settings
o true longitudes of the planets
o the moon’s crescents
MATHEMATICS
• Mohenjodaro Ruler
o Standardize measurement of
length and designed ruler.
AFRICAN
• The Great Pyramid of Giza and
Buildings of Great Zimbabwe
o one of the wonders of the world
• Ishago Bone
o a bone tool , a baboon’s fibula –
with a sharp edge piece of quartz
– for engraving and writing.
o tally stick , tool for multiplication
and other mathematical
calculation.
• Nubian Mathematics
o multiplication and addition by 2
o known as duplation and mediation
(doubling & halving)
• Fractal Geometry
o exhibits a repeating pattern that
displays at every scales.
• The ancient Egyptians considered a
circle to have 360 degrees and
estimated Π at 3.16.
• Manufacturer of glass and glass beads
• Major supplier of gold in the world
• Gold coins, silver coins, bronze coins
• 2 Iron Furnaces
o Trench
▪ dug below the ground.
o Circular clay
▪ build above the ground.
• Ink
o made from a combination of
vegetable gum, soot, and water.
• Bronze and brass casting
MIDDLE EAST
INTELLECTUAL CONTRIBUTION:
1. Coffee
2. Clocks
3. Camera
4. Soap
o By mixing olive oil and al-qali (salt-
like)
5. Perfume making by distillation.
6. Flying Machine
o Abbas ibn Firnas
▪ first person who make the
first attempt to construct a
flying machine.
7. Surgical Instrument
o Al-Zahrawi
▪ a man known in history of
medicine who illustrate the
use of surgical instrument.
8. Maps
o the introduction of paper in
Baghdad in 8th century , the first
maps and travel guides could be
produced.
9. Music
10. Algebra
LESSON 3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
AND NATION BUILDING
• The Philippine Science and Technology
Agenda and Development Programs
• Ambisyon Natin 2040
 o Malasakit
o Pagbabago
o Kaunlaran
• Harmonized National Research and
Development Agenda
o Formulated by Department of
Science and Technology (DOST)
in coordination with other
government and other concerned
agencies and institution.
o HNRDA is prepared with the
objective to assured Science and
Technology endeavor is directed
towards the realization of
economic and social benefits of
mankind.
o The agenda is in line with
AMBISYON NATIN 2040
THE HNRDA’S 5 SECTORS
• National Integrated Basic Research
Agenda (NIBRA)
o focuses on principles of research
that has six programs.
▪ Water Security
▪ Food and Nutrition Security
▪ Health Sufficiency
▪ Clean Energy
▪ Sustainable Community
▪ Inclusive Nation Building
• Health Research and Development
Agenda
o Philippine Council for Health
Research and Development
(PCHRD)
o National Unified Research
Agenda (NUHRA)
• Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural
Resources
• Industry, Energy and Emerging
Technology
o Philippine Council for Industry,
Energy and Emerging Technology
Research Development
(PCIEERD-DOST)
• Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate
Change Adaption
o Philippine Institute of Volcanology
and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
o Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration
(PAGASA)
AGENCIES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF HNRD
• Department of Science and Technology
(DOST)
• Philippine Council for Health Research
and Development (PCHRD)
• National Research Council of the
Philippines
• Philippine Council for Industry, Energy
and Emerging Technology Research and
Development (PCIEERD)
• Philippine Institute of Vulcanology and
Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
• Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA)
• Philippine Council for Agriculture ,
Aquatic and Natural Resources
Research and Development (PCAARRD)
POLICIES OF THE GOVERNMENT
PERTAINING TO SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
• Republic Act 10055- known as the
Philippine Technology Transfer Act of
2009
• Republic Act 2067-known as Science
Act of 1958
• Republic Act 8439-“Magna Carta for
Scientists, Engineers, Researchers, and
other S&T Personnel in the
Government.”
• Republic Act 10612-The scholarship
program under Republic Act No. 10612
aims to strengthen the country's science
 and technology education by fast-
tracking graduates in the sciences,
mathematics and engineering who shall
teach science and mathematics in
secondary schools throughout the
country.
MAJOR DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• DOST - the Balik Scientist Program and
DOST R&D completed the Electric Train
Project in 2015
• PCAARD - funded a program that has
produced the irradiated fertilizer.
• PAGASA,PHIVOLCS and Advance
Science and Technology Institute
(ASTI) developed a more accurate and
responsive disaster prevention and
system which named project NOAH
(Nationwide Operational Assessment
of Hazard)
• Philippine Development Plan (PDP)
2017-2022 : NEDA ( National Economic
and Development Authority) under Pres.
Rodrigo R. Duterte administration,
approves the PDP plan on February 20 ,
2017, in Malacañang.
• Philippine Development Plan (PDP)
2017-2022 is the first medium-term plan
to be anchored on a national long-term
vision, or AmBisyon Natin 2040, which
represents the collective vision and
aspirations of Filipinos for themselves
and for the country.
TARGET
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is
expected to strengthen at 7 to 8 % in the
medium term.
• Poverty rate is targeted to decline from
21.6% to 14%.
• Unemployment rate to reduce from
current 5.5 % to 3 to 5 % by 2022.
• Highest trust in government and society
• More resilient individuals and
communities
• A greater drive to innovation
PDP 3 MAIN PILLARS OR SOLID
FOUNDATION FOR GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
• Malasakit - aims to regain people’s trust
in public institutions and cultivate trust
among Filipinos.
Strategies
o Promoting awareness of anti-
corruption measures
o Improving the productivity of the
public sector
o Implementing regulatory reforms
o Increasing access to legal aid
o Pursuing correction reform
• Pagbabago or inequality - reducing
transformation through increase
opportunities for growth of output and
income.
Strategies
o Agriculture will be expanded.
o Streamline bureaucratic process
for local and foreign businesses.
o Presence of NEDA in the global
market
o Achieve the quality and accessible
basic education for all.
o Enhancing disaster risk reduction
and management (DRRM)
o Adopting universal social
protection
• Patuloy na Pag unlad, concentrate on
increasing potential growth through
sustaining and accelerating economic
growth.
Strategies
o maximizing the demographic
dividend and vigorous advancing
science ,technology and
innovation
o ensure maintaining
macroeconomic and financial
stability.
o observing fiscal prudence
PDP SEVEN MAIN PARTS
• An overview of the economy
• Development challenges that lie ahead
 • Development strategies thoroughly
articulated through chapters on
Enhancing the Social Fabric
• Inequality - Reducing Transformation
• Increasing Growth Potential
• Enabling and Supportive Economic
Environment
• Foundations for Inclusive and
Sustainable Development
THREE PILLARS LIE FOUR CROSS-
CUTTING BEDROCK STRATEGIES
• attaining just and lasting peace
• ensuring security, public order, and
safety
• accelerating strategic infrastructure
development, and
• ensuring ecological integrity and a clean
and healthy environment
The PDP 2017-2022 also gives special
attention to Overseas Filipinos (OFs) and
their families.
It identifies strategies and policies that will work:
• to protect the rights of overseas Filipinos
• to improve their quality of life
• to integrate them into the country’s
development
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the
monetary value of all the finished goods
and services produced within a country's
borders in a specific time period.
• Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management (DRRM) is a working
group of various government, non-
government, civil sector and private
sector organizations of the Government
of the Republic of the Philippines
established aims to reduce the damage
caused by natural hazards like
earthquakes, floods, droughts and
cyclones, through an ethic of prevention.
• NSS, National Spatial Strategy - a
traffic reduction strategy by creating
economic opportunities in areas outside
the metropolis.
LESSON 4: HUMAN PERSON FLOURISHING
IN TERMS OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLONOGY AND GOOD LIFE
SELECTED VIEWS ON TECHNOLOGY
• Aristotlianism
• Technological Pessimism
• Technological Optimism
• Existentialism
ARISTOTLIANISM
• assumption that technology as primarily
means to an end.
Aristotle four causes:
• Material cause
• Formal Cause
• Efficient cause
• Final cause
ARISTOTLE:
• One of the most significant thinker and
who contributed so much to science ,
technology, political theory and esthetics
world.
• Followed that knowledge of the world
begins by looking and examining that
which exists.
SELECTED VIEWS OF TECHNOLOGY
• Technological Pessimism
o holds that technology is dynamic
and beneficial but it is also
questionable in many ways.
o this view is supported by French
philosopher Jacques Ellul.
• Technological Optimism
o through technology problem may
arise but technology will still be
the solution.
• Existentialism
o the state of being which is led by
the norm of authenticity.
 • Highest good of human endeavor and o Every discovery, innovation, and
toward which all actions aim. success contribute to our pool of
• Human flourishing arises as a result of human knowledge.
different components: o Good is inherently related to the
o phronesis truth.
o wealth
o friendship
o power In contemporary society, the main function
of education is:
• The flourishing of humanity includes:
o Attainment and achievement, and
o Personal and social well-being

• There is a professional ethical imperative

HUMAN FLOURISHING REST ON THE FIVE in all that we do in education.
PILLARS, NAMELY: • At the heart of education is the
• positive emotion development of humanity.
• engagement • If we are to see humanity flourish the
• relationships language we use has to move from the
• meaning technical to the humane.
• accomplishment • The attitudes and values also have to
reflect that great gift to humanity… The
PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN FLOURISHING Arts, The Sciences, Technology, ... All
human development.
• Dignity of human person
• Education is concerned with exposing
• Common good
children to good, to truth, to beauty, to
• Preferential option for the poor
honesty, to love, to compassion, to
• Subsidiarity integrity. These are the qualities which
• Universal purpose of goods must inspire education.
• Stewardship of creation • It is only possible to know about these
• Participation qualities of life when we have experience
• Global Solidarity of them.
DIFFERENT CONCEPTION OF HUMAN • Experiencing music, the arts, the beauty
FLOURISHING of science, and the joy of learning are
enriching parts of life.
• Eastern
o Focus on community centric. HOW DOES EDUCATION SERVE THE
o Individual should sacrifice himself NEEDS OF SOCIETY?
for the sake of society. • Setting up places of formation of the
o Encourage studies. whole person:
• Western o a healing place in society
o Focused on the individual. o a place for human flourishing
o Human flourishing as an end. o a place for the flourishing of all
o Aristotelian view. humanity
o Eudomonia as ultimate good. o a place for the continuity of culture
• Science, Technology, and Human and tradition
Flourishing o a place of enjoyment!

• In psychology , happiness is a mental or
emotional state of well-being which can
be defined by others, positive or
pleasant emotions ranging from
contentment to intense joy.
HAPPINESS
• To behaviorist, happiness is cocktail of
emotions we experience when we do
something good or positive.
• To neurologist, happiness is the
experience of a flood of hormones
released in the brain as a reward for
behavior that prolongs survival.
• To hedonistic view of well-being
,happiness is the polar-opposite of
suffering ,the presence of happiness
indicates the absence of pain.
TWO TYPES OF HAPPINESS
• Hedonic Well-Being
o Pleasure
o Feeling good
o Positive emotions
o Maximizing enjoyment
o Subjective well-being
o Peak moments of happiness
o Short-term
• Eudaimonic Well-Being
o Achievement
o Functioning well
o Meaning: serving a purpose
beyond the self
o Engagement: flow, playing to
strengths, realizing potential
o Effort into meaning: fulfillment
o Deeper happiness
o Sustainable
GOOD LIFE
• A life filled in material pleasure and
luxuries.
• A life marked by a high standard.
• A life marked by a high standard.
ELEMENTS OF GOOD LIFE
• Experiencing pleasure
• Seeking self-development
• Avoiding negative experience
• Making contribution to others
REAL GOODS BY ARISTOTLE
• Bodily goods
• External goods
• Good of the soul
The good life as a concept has been
redeveloped into related idea of human
flourishing.
LESSON 5: WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND
HUMANITY CROSS
TECHNOLOGY
• came from the Greek word techne-art
and logos- word.
• a discourse on art.( Buchanan 2010)
 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
• In one way or another, each person in
the society is altered by technology
whether directly or indirectly.
• Most people get through their everyday
lives with immense reliance to the
different technological advancement
available to the masses.
• Technology is already an inevitable part
of the society.
TECHNOLOGY OFFERS…
• Convenience
• Pleasure
• Happiness
• Communication
But take note…
• Anything too much is bad.
• Various ethical dilemmas involving the
use of technological devices.
• Misuse or invention to produce bad
results.
TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGES
1) Encourages innovation and creativity.
2) Easy access to information.
3) Improved communication
4) Convenience of traveling
5) Improved housing and lifestyle
6) Improved entertainment
7) Efficiency and productivity
8) Convenience in education
9) Social networking
10) Changed the health industry.
TECHNOLOGY DISADVANTAGES
1) Increased loneliness
2) Job loss
3) Reduce competency.
4) World destruction weapons
5) Less value in human workers
6) Dependency
7) Cyber bullying
8) Cyber sex
9) Technology makes life lazy.
10) Technology makes life more complex.
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
• Technology keeps on progressing due to
the changing times and environment and
also to the ever-progressing mind of
mankind.
• Television sets, mobile phones,
computers, and humanity.
TELEVISION
• According to KANTAR Media in the
Philippines 92% of urban homes and
70% of rural homes own at least one
television set.
Roles:
o platform for advertisements and
information dissemination.
o recreational activity
o good stress reliever
o platform for different propagandas
and advocacies
Paul Gottlieb Nipkow
o late 1800s
o successful in his attempt to send
images through wires with a rotating
metal disk.
Alan Archibalb Campbell-Swinton and Boris
Rosing
o created a new system of television by
using the cathode ray tube.
MOBILE PHONES
• Filipinos love to use their mobile phones
anywhere, anytime.
• More than half of the Filipino population
own at least one mobile phone.
Martin Cooper
o Senior engineer at Motorola , created
the first mobile phone.(30 minutes of
talk time and 10hours of charging)
COMPUTER AND LAPTOP
Charles Babbage
 o designed the analytical engine.
o Osborne 1- 1st true portable, full
featured computer.
ROBOTICS AND HUMANITY
• Robotics - deals with the design,
construction and operation of machines
that can substitute humans and replicate
human actions.
George Devol
o invented the first digitally operated
and a programmable robot called
UNIMATE.
• Robots - any automatically operated
machine that replaces human effort,
though it may not resemble human
beings in appearance or perform
functions in a humanlike manner.
THREE LAWS OF ROBOTICS ALSO KNOWN
AS ASIMOV’S LAW
1) A robot may not injure a human being or
through in action, allow a human being to
come to harm.
2) A robot must obey the orders given by
human beings except where such orders
would conflict with the first law.
3) A robot must protect its own existence as
long as such protection des not conflict
with the first and second law.
ETHNICAL DILEMMA FACED BY ROBOTICS
• Human Safety